2017年-2018年全国考研真题及答案解析英语一共2套.pdf

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1、绝密启用前英语（一）英语（一）（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.

2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(lOpoints)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding yes!1 helping yo

3、u feel close and 2 to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study-5-over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsyl

4、vania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing

5、effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,notes Sheldo

6、n Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called the bonding hormone 18 it promotes attachm

7、ent in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it _12_ in the brain,where it 20 mood,behavior and physiology.-1-1.A Unlike B Besides C Despite D

8、 Throughout 2.A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 3.A choice B view C lesson D host 4.A recall B forget C avoid D keep 5.A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 6.A of B in C at D on 7.A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted 8.A across B along C down D out 9.A calculated B denied C dou

9、bted D imagined 10.A served B required C restored D explained 11.A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 12.A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 13.A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased 14.A equipped B associated C presented D compared 15.A assess B moderate C generate D record 16.A in the face

10、 of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 17.A transfer B commit C attribute D return 18.A because B unless C though D until 19.A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 20.A experiences B combines C justifies D influences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the foll

11、owing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)-2-Text 1 First two hours,now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airport

12、s with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much o

13、f air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover

14、 investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos

15、OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that

16、airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checkedbaggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to h

17、ire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.The TSA w

18、ants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price

19、 to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long pas

20、t time to make the program work.-3-21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protec

21、tion.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number oftravelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word expedited(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to A quieter.B ch

22、eaper.C wider.D faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening

23、for More Safety B PreCheck-a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreCheck Lanes-4-Text2 The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is

24、 not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT s planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the

25、 piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity

26、.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs t

27、o astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it

28、 is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heaven

29、s.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a

30、primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of teles

31、copes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.-5-26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A

32、her conservative view on the historical role ofastronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographi

33、cal features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of

34、 revival.D they fear losing control ofMauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians ho

35、stility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.-6-Text3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile.With Britain voting to le

36、ave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and m

37、isses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys econo

38、mic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizen

39、s.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.

40、Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measur

41、es including civil society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method fo

42、r measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes-all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK coul

43、d lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.-7-31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he

44、A praised the UK for its GDP.B identified GDP with happiness.C misinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that A the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.B GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.C the UK will contribut

45、e less to the world economy.D policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?A It is sponsored by 163 countries.B It excludes GDP as an indicator.C Its criteria are questionable.D Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two

46、 paragraphs,the author suggests that A the UK is preparing for an economic boom.B high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.C it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.D it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A High GDP But Inadequa

47、te Well-being,a UK Lesson B GDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic Health C Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP D Brexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-being-8-Text4 In a rare unammous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But

48、it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his o

49、fficial acts,or the former governors decisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors

50、in return for opening doors is distasteful and nasty.But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an official act.The courts ruling is legally sound in defini