2017年6月六级真题第3套.docx

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1、2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30

2、 minutes）（说明：由于2017年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following th

3、e passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Half of

4、 your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often 26 to as the “first-night-effect”. Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain “remained more active” than the network in the r

5、ight side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears （stimulating the left hemisphere） of 27 was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.It was 28 observed that the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory expe

6、riment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated “when we are in a 29 environment, the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any 30 d

7、anger.”The researchers believe this is the first time that the “first-night-effect” of different brain states has been 31 in humans. It isnt, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal 32 also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other 33 animals shut down one h

8、emisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always 34 control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably down. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that t

9、hey can look out for 35 while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working. A）classifiedB）consciouslyC）dramaticallyD）exoticE）identifiedF）inherentG）marineH）novelI）potentialJ）predatorsK）referredL）speciesM）specificallyN）varietiesO）volunteersSection BDirections: In this section, you are g

10、oing to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by mark

11、ing the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of CarbonAFossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of

12、, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.BPolicymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgen

13、tly needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.COil prices have dropped by over 60 percent since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil pri

14、ces”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fieldswhich can be tapped at relatively low marginal costare depleted. In fact, in line with p

15、ast experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.DOil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies

16、 has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian

17、 exports, the scaling-down of global demand（especially from emerging markets）, the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale （页岩）, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures mar

18、kets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.ENatural gas and coalalso fossil fuelshave similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to powe

19、r transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, a

20、nd there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the worlds coal.FTechnological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as w

21、ind, hydro, solar, and geothermal （地热）. Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consum

22、ption from renewable sources by 2021.GProgress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels30% each for coal and oil, 25%

23、 for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.HUnfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuel

24、s. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.IThe current low fossil-fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy tr

25、ansition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.JSome climate impacts may already be discer

26、nible. For example, the United Nations Childrens Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nio（厄尔尼诺）weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nio events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are

27、becoming more intense as a result of climate change.KNations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad particip

28、ation to address fully the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participants by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to ac

29、t.LThe nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costl

30、y to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way

31、to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every countrys carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damages from emissions, but also the damages to foreign countri

32、es.MSetting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help to align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its

33、 social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not ac

34、curately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damages from carbon emissions differ, and its especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.NDirec

35、t subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the col

36、lateral（附带的）costs.OThe hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, ho

37、wever, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.38. It is estimated that extrem

38、e weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.41. If fossil fuel prices remain low

39、for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in todays world.43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt

40、 with, will pose endless risks for mankind.45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or

41、 unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessees technic

42、al and community college will not outsource（外包）management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus. In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Mor

43、gan said an internal analysis showed that each campus spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findingswhich included data from the systems 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universitieswere part of the dec

44、ision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslams proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System ins

45、titutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”Workers advocates have criticized Haslams plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges wou

46、ld be free to opt in or out of the outsourcing plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified that Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal

47、in Memphis.In an email statement from the states Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system

48、 and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.“The states facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”Morgans comments on outsourcing mark the