英语四级单项选择阅读理解附讲解十.doc

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1、英语四级单项选择阅读理解附讲解PartReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformati

2、ongiveninthepassage.SmallSchoolsRisingThisyearslistofthetop100highschoolsshowsthattoday,thosewithfewerstudentsareflourishing.Fiftyyearsago,theywerethelatestthingineducationalreform:big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswithstudentscountedinthethousands.Asbabyboomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人)cameofhigh-schoolage,bigscho

3、olspromisedeconomicefficiency.Agreaterchoiceofcourses,and,ofcourse,betterfootballteams.Onlyyearslaterdidweunderstandthetrade-offsthisinvolved:thecreationofexcessivebureaucracies(官僚机构)，thedifficultyofforgingpersonalconnectionsbetweenteachersandstudents.SATscoresbegandroppingin1963;today,onaverage,30%

4、ofstudentsdonotcompletehighschoolinfouryears,afigurethatrisesto50%inpoorurbanneighborhoods.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNoChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary(andsomemiddle)schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonsseemedtohavemadelittlepr

5、ogress.Sizeisnteverything,butitdoesmatter,andthepastdecadehasseenanoticeablecountertrendtowardsmallerschools.Thishasbeendue,inpart,totheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,whichhasinvested$1.8billioninAmericanhighschools,helpingtoopenabout1,000smallschools-mostofthemwithabout400kidseachwithanaverageenroll

6、mentofonly150pergrade,About500moreareonthedrawingboard.Districtsalloverthecountryaretakingnotice,alongwithmayorsincitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandSanDiego.Themovementincludesindependentpubliccharterschools,suchasNo.1BASISinTucson,withonly120high-schoolersand18graduatesthisyear.Itembracesdistrict-sanctio

7、nedmagnetschools,suchastheTalentedandGiftedSchool,with198students,andtheScienceandEngineeringMagnet,with383,whichshareabuildinginDallas,aswellastheCityHonorsSchoolinBuffalo,N.Y.,whichgrewoutofvolunteereveningseminarsforstudents.Anditincludesalternativeschoolswithstudentsselectedbylottery(抽签)，suchasH

8、-BWoodlawninArlington,Va.Andmostnoticeableofall,thereisthephenomenonoflargeurbanandsuburbanhighschoolsthathavesplitupintosmallerunitsofafewhundred,generallyhousedinthesamegroundsthatonceboastedthousandsofstudentsallmarchingtothesameband.HillsdaleHighSchoolinSanMateo,Calif,isoneofthose,rankingNo.423-

9、amongthetop2%inthecountry-onNewsweeksannualrankingofAmericastophighschools.Thesuccessofsmallschoolsisapparentinthelistings.Tenyearsago,whenthefirstNewsweeklistbasedoncollege-leveltestparticipationwaspublished,onlythreeofthetop100schoolshadgraduatingClassessmallerthan100students.Thisyearthereare22.Ne

10、arly250schoolsonthefull,Newsweeklistofthetop5%ofschoolsnationallyhadfewerthan200graduatesin2007.AlthoughmanyofHillsdalesstudentscamefromwealthyhouseholds,bythelate1990averagetestscoreswereslidingandithadearnedtheunaffectionatenickname(绰号) Hillsjail. JeffGilbert.AHillsdaleteacherwhobecameprincipallas

11、tyear,rememberssittingwithotherteacherswatchingstudentsfileoutofagraduationceremonyandaskingoneanotherinastonishment, Howdidthatstudentgraduate?Soin2003Hillsdaleremadeitselfintothreehouses,romanticallynamedFlorence,MarrakechandKyoto.Eachofthe300arrivingninthgradersarerandomly(随机地)assignedtooneoftheh

12、ouses.Wheretheywillkeepthesamefourcoresubjectteachersfortwoyears,beforemovingontoanotherfor11thand12thgrades.TheclosenessthissystemcultivatesisreinforcedbytheinstitutionofadvisoryclassesTeachersmeetwithstudentsingroupsof25,fivemorningsaweek,foropen-endeddiscussionsofeverythingfromhomeworkproblemstob

13、adSaturday-nightdates.Theadvisersalsomeetwithstudentsprivatelyandstayintouchwithparents,sotheyaredeeplyinvestedinthestudentssuccess.Wereconstantlytalkingaboutoneanothersadvisers,saysEnglishteacherChrisCrockett. Ifyouhearthatyoursisntdoingwellinmath,orseethemsittingoutsidethedeansoffice,itslikeaperso

14、nalfailure.Alongwiththenewstructurecameamoredemandingacademicprogram,thepercentageoffreshmentakingbiologyjumpedfrom17to95.Itwasroughforsome.Butbysenioryear,two-thirdshavemoveduptophysics,saysGilbertOurkidsarecomingtoschoolinpartbecausetheyknowthereareadultsherewhoknowthemandcareforthem.Butnotallscho

15、olsshowadvancesafterdownsizing,anditremainstobeseenwhethersmallerschoolswillbeacure-allsolution.TheNewsweeklistoftopU.S.highschoolswasmadethisyear,asinyearspast,accordingtoasinglemetric,theproportionofstudentstakingcollege-levelexams.Overtheyearsthissystemhascomeinforitsshareofcriticismforitssimplic

16、ity.Butthatisalsoitsstrength:itseasyforreaderstounderstand,andtodothearithmeticfortheirownschoolsiftheydlike.Rankingschoolsisalwayscontroversial,andthisyearagroupof38superintendents(地区教育主管)fromfivestateswrotetoaskthattheirschoolsbeexcludedfromthecalculation.Itisimpossibletoknowwhichhighschoolsarethe

17、bestinthenation, theirletterread.inpart. Determiningwhetherdifferentschoolsdoordontofferahighqualityofeducationrequiresalookatmandifferentmeasures,includingstudentsoverallacademicaccomplishmentsandtheirsubsequentperformanceincollege.Andtakingintoconsiderationtheuniqueneedsoftheircommunities.Intheend

18、,thesuperintendentsagreedtoprovidethedatawesought,whichis,afterall,publicinformation.Thereis,inourview,norealdisputehere,weareallseekingthesamething,whichisschoolsthatbetterserveourchildrenandournationbyencouragingstudentstotackletoughsubjectsundertheguidanceofgiftedteachers.Andifwekeepworkingtoward

19、thatgoal,someday,perhapsalistwontbenecessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1.Fiftyyearsago.big.Modern.Suburbanhighschoolswereestablishedinthehopeof_.A)ensuringnochildisleftbehindB)increasingeconomicefficiencyC)improvingstudentsperformanceonSATD)providinggoodeducationforbabyboomers2.Whathappenedasaresultofsetting

20、upbigschools?A)Teachersworkloadincreased.B)Studentsperformancedeclined.C)Administrationbecamecentralized.D)Studentsfocusedmoreontestscores.3.WhatissaidabouttheschoolsfordedbytheBillandMelindaGatesfoundation?A)Theyareusuallymagnetschools.B)Theyareoftenlocatedinpoorneighborhoods.C)Theyarepopularwithhi

21、gh-achievingstudents.D)Theyaremostlysmallinsize.4.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthecurrenttrendinhighschooleducation?A)Somelargeschoolshavesplitupintosmallerones.B)Agreatvarietyofschoolshavesprungupinurbanandsuburbanareas.C)ManyschoolscompetefortheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationfunds.D)Studentshavetomeethi

22、gheracademicstandards.5.Newsweekrankedhighschoolsaccordingto.A)theirstudentsacademicachievementB)thenumberoftheirstudentsadmittedtocollegeC)thesizeandnumberoftheirgraduatingclassesD)theircollege-leveltestparticipation6.WhatcanwelearnaboutHillsdalesstudentsinthelate1990s?A)Theyweremadetostudyhardlike

23、prisoners.B)Theycalledeachotherbyunaffectionatenicknames.C)Mostofthemdidnothaveanysenseofdiscipline,D)Theirschoolperformancewasgettingworse.7.AccordingtoJeffGilbert,theadvisoryclassesatHillsdaleweresetupsothatstudentscould.A)telltheirteacherswhattheydidonweekendsB)experienceagreatdealofpleasureinlea

24、rningC)maintaincloserrelationshipswiththeirteachersD)tacklethedemandingbiologyandphysicscourses8.isstillconsideredastrengthofNewsweeksschoolrankingsysteminspiteofthecriticismitreceives.9.Accordingtothe38superintendents,torankschoolsscientifically,itisnecessarytouse.10.Tobetterservethechildrenandourn

25、ation,schoolsstudentstotake.【参考答案】1.D)providinggoodeducationforbabyboomers。2.D)Studentsperformancedeclined。3.D)Theyaremostlysmallinsize。4.D)Somelargeschoolshavesplitupintosmallerones。5.C)theircollege-leveltestparticipation。6.B)Theirschoolperformancewasgettingworse。7.A)maintaincloserrelationshipswiththeirteachers。8.Simplicity9.differentmeasures10.toughsubjects