2017年6月四级真题第2套.doc

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1、2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact info

2、rmation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will b

3、e spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Question 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The majori

4、ty of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves. B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving. C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars. D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after g

5、etting used to the automatic features. B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills. C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales. D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.Question 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)

6、 Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska. B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers. C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors. D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs. B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times. C) He received

7、 a minor injury in the Iditarod Race. D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.Question 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading. B) It ran into Nicaraguas Big Corn Island. C) It disappeared between two large islands. D) It turned

8、 over because of strong winds.6. A) 13. B) 25. C) 30 D) 32.7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort. B) He is being investigated by the police. C) He was drowned with the passengers. D) He is among those people missing.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At

9、the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single

10、line through the centre.Question 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) At a shopping centre. B) At a community college. C) At an accountancy firm. D) At an IT company.9. A) Helping out with data input. B) Arranging interviews. C) Sorting application forms. D) Making phone c

11、alls.10. A) He enjoys using computers. B) He needs the money badly. C) He wants to work in the city centre. D) He has relevant working experience.11. A) Purchase some business suits. B) Learn some computer language. C) Improve his programming skills. D) Review some accountancy terms.Question 12 to 1

12、5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are keen on high technology. B) They are poor at technology skills. C) They often listen to National Public Radio. D) They feel superior in science and technology.13. A) Japanese. B) Germans. C) Poles. D) Americans.14. A) Emailing. B) T

13、exting. C) Science. D) Literary.15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform. B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking. C) It has much room for improvement. D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you

14、will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questi

15、on 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have small roots. B) They grow white flowers. C) They taste like apples. D) They come from Central Africa. 17. A) They turned from white to purple in color. B) They became popular on the world market. C) They became an important fo

16、od for humans. D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.18. A) They were found quite nutritious. B) There were serious food shortages. C) People discovered their medical value. D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.Question 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She c

17、ould update her family any time she liked. B) She could call up her family whenever she liked. C) She could locate her friends wherever they were. D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success. B) She enjoyed reading her friends status u

18、pdates. C) She felt quite popular among them. D) She felt she was a teenager again.21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends. B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family. C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work. D) She didnt seem to be doing as

19、 well as her Facebook friends.Question 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They have strong muscles. B) They live a longer life than horses. C) They eat much less in winter. D) They can work longer than donkeys.23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king. B) It was bought by Georg

20、e Washington. C) It was brought over from Japan. D) It was donated by a U.S. Ambassador.24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding. B) They participated in a mule-driving competition. C) They showed and traded animals in the market. D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.25

21、. A) The wider use of horses. B) The arrival of tractors. C) A shrinking animal trade. D) A growing donkey population.Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of cho

22、ices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wo

23、rds in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing

24、in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers 28 they were

25、 used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30 that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The

26、 majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didnt become a 33 food in central China

27、until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34 in the region not as food, but as 35 material for beer brewing.A) arrivedB) consumingC) directD) exclusivelyE) includingF) informG) rawH) reachedI) relativelyJ) remainsK) resourcesL) stap

28、leM) suggest N) surprisingO) testSection B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mor

29、e than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Team SpiritA Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their student

30、s in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executive in ove

31、r 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on（开始) it; and for the most part , restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.B Companies are aband

32、oning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwar

33、ds. Deloitte argues that a new organizational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制) .C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Tec

34、hnological innovation places greater value on agility (灵活性). John Chambers, chairman of Cisco System Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions (过渡), not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or tw

35、o.” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.D The fashion for teams is also spreadi

36、ng from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas: consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by specia

37、lty (专业的) and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the armys hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralizin

38、g authority to self-organising teams.E A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon (追随一种管理潮流), it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Team are not always the answerteams may

39、provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists t

40、hat it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary But dont count on it.”F Hackman（who died in 2013) noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High flyers (能干的人) who are forced to work in teams may be underva

41、lued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a teams membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.G

42、 Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Team work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: Americas Natio

43、nal Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crews first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purpose a

44、nd then quickly disband them.H The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism (感情用事): the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate act

45、ion. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazons boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunise teams against group-thin: Hackman argued that the best

46、 ones contain “deviant” (离经叛道者) who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over wher

47、e and how they do their workwhich may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.J However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job

48、. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in the networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distractionemployees routinely