高三英语一轮复习语法专项学习之句子省略用法归纳讲义.docx

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1、高考英语语法专项学习之句子省略用法归纳省略虚拟条件:1.省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首：Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,

2、had 等缩略成Werent,Shouldnt,Hadnt而置于句首。 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time)2.省略主语和动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier)3.省略“it+be”If necessary,I would s

3、end more farmhands to help you.如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,)4.省略条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：I might see her personally. It would be better.我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)含蓄条件句中(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：We didnt know his telephone number; othe

4、rwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）Without your help,we wouldnt have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）It would cause grea

5、t trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：I would not have done it that way.我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadnt been so busy.）Y

6、ou might come to join us in the discussion.你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）I would have bought the DVD player.我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）。条件状语从句用法及动词形式:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用we

7、re)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：1If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4If I had an

8、y money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）5If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）6she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If 主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg：1If I had got there e

9、arlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句：主语+should+do从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+did（动词过去式）/wereeg：1If he should come here tomorrow,I wo

10、uld talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小）3If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这

11、种条件句叫错综条件句。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。eg：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空

12、的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her,he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here,she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt

13、 about computers,we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等eg：But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progres

14、s.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had go

15、t it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。省略现象：一、单词省略1、省略介词He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。I ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。2、省略连词 thatI believe (that) you will succeed 我相信你们会成功的。It s

16、a pity (that) he s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。I m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。3、省略关系代词I ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。二、句子成分的省略1、省略主语Beg your pardon.（我）请你原谅。（ Beg 前省略了主语 I ）Take care!当心！（ Take 前省略了主语 you ）Looks as if it will rain.看

17、起来象要下雨。（ Looks 前省略了主语 it ）2、省略谓语Who next?该谁了？（ Who 后面省略了谓语 comes ）The river was deep and the ice thin.（ ice 后面省略了 was ）We ll do the best we can.我们将尽力而为。（ can 后面省略了动词 do ）3、省略表语Are you ready? Yes, I am.你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（ am 后面省略了 ready ）He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运

18、动爱好者。（ had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ）4、省略宾语Let s do the dishes. I ll wash and you ll dry.让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（ wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes ）5、省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（ the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money ）6、省略状语He was not hurt. Strange!他没有受伤，真奇怪！（ Strange 前面省略

19、了状语 how ）三、不同句式中的省略 1. 简单句中的省略：在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。（1）Looks like rain.（2）Hope to hear from you soon.（3）Sounds like a good idea.2. 并列句中的省略：在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：（1）They learn French and we English.（2）My father planned and built all these houses.（3）John won the firs

20、t race and Jimmy the second.3. 复合句中的省略：定语从句：Thats the reason he is late for the conference.状语从句：（1）If heated, water will boil.（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。We will do what we can（do）to help you.Is Mr. King in his office?

21、Sorry, I dont know（whether he is in his office or not）.4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。Would you like to go with us ? Im glad to, but I have to finish my homework.在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。（1）They do not visit their par

22、ents as much as they ought to.（2）He doesnt get up early as he used to.（3）Ill hand it in if I have to.（4）Would you like to come tonight ?Id love to.Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。（1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.学科网（北京）股份有限公司