2021届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文二原卷版.pdf

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1、专题0 2阅读理解之说明文（二）一、（湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中）“A CAREER BOOK about Asians?Arent they doing fine？”So begins Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling,a verylarge scholarly book by Jane Hyun published in 2005.Because Asian-Americans had higher incomes and educationlevels and committed fewer crimes than their average

2、countrymen,they were seen as a model minority.Despite this,they rarely rose to the top of companies.A mix of individual,cultural and organizational barriers the“bambooceiling of the books title seemed to prohibit them from rising.Fifteen years later Asians are still under-】eDresented.In the technolo

3、gy sectors,Asians make up over 30%of theworkers but less than 15%of bosses.In 2017 Asians made up roughly 6%of the countrys population but only 3%ofthe bosses of S&P 500（标准普尔 500 指数）firms.Some prominent Asians run big companies.Arvind Krishna is IBMs new boss.Satya Nadella runs Microsoftand Sundar P

4、ichai leads Alphabet.But few other Asians have joined their ranks 一 and,revealingly,these stars allhave Indian roots.There are fewer South Asians in America than East Asians,but they still made up 13 of all 16 AsianS&P 500 CEOs.Why are there so few Asians among Americas business elite?And if a bambo

5、o ceiling is to blame,why doSouth Asians break through more easily?These questions are the focus of a study by Jackson Lu of MIT Sloan Schoolof Management and colleagues,who surveyed hundreds of senior executives and business-school students.Theyfound that while discrimination exists,it is not desti

6、ny.South Asians endure greater racism than East Asians but stilloutperform even whites（if success is weighed against share of population）.Their research also rules out lack ofambition:a greater share of Asians than whites endeavor for high-status jobs.That leaves culture.The researchers conclude tha

7、t South Asians tend to be more determined and confident thanEast Asians in how they communicate at work,which fits Western concepts of how a leader should behave.The sametendency for confident remarks featured in“The Argumentative Indian”,a book by Amartya Sen,a Nobel-prizewinning economist.The rese

8、archers owe East Asians silence to Confucian values of modesty and respect fbr socialranking.Sometimes bravery and bombast are needed to break bamboo.12.What does bamboo ceiling refer to?A.The top of an American technology company.B.A roof made of bamboo typical of Asian buildings.C.Promotion obstac

9、les facing Asian employees in America.D.The invisible discrimination against Asians in the USA.13.What does“under-representecT in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Lacking representatives.B.Hard to show their talents.C.Being underestimated.D.Unable to land a job.14.According to Jackson Lu,what mainly accounts for

10、fewer promotions of East Asians than South Asians?A.A small population.B.Discrimination.C.Lack of ambition.D.Culture.15.Why do South Asians succeed in American business more easily?A.Western people prefer modesty to confidence in communication.B.The confidence they demonstrate consists with Western

11、leadership.C.They endure greater racism and become more ambitious.D.Their ambition urges them to endeavor for high-status jobs.二、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）World No Tobacco Day is celebrated each 31 st of May.The aim is to bring attention to the growing use oftobacco and its deadly effects.The Worl

12、d Health Assembly established the event in 1987.This year,specialattention is being given to the harmful effects of tobacco marketing to women and girls.The WHO says the tobacco industry has increasingly directed its marketing campaigns at women and girls.Study shows that women currently represent a

13、bout twenty percent of smokers while tobacco use among girls isincreasing.Data collected from 151 countries show that about seven percent of young girls now smoke.Thatcompares with twelve percent of boys.In some countries,however,the rates are almost equal.Almost 170 countries have signed an agreeme

14、nt called the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control whichcalls on those governments to ban tobacco advertising to the fullest to protect women.The agreement seeks toreduce the demand and supply of tobacco products.This year marks the fifth anniversary since the treaty went intoeffect.Up to now,eig

15、hty percent of the signers have banned the sale of tobacco products to young people.Seventypercent have required health warnings on tobacco products.Events are planned in a number of countries to mark World No Tobacco Day.Many of the events are aimed atpersuading people,especially the young,not to s

16、tart smoking.Others aim to educate people about the many healthbenefits of giving up smoking.The World Health Organization says tobacco kills nearly five and a half million people a year and has becomea top cause of death worldwide.It is estimated that so far in the world one billion people smoke.Mo

17、re than eightypercent of tobacco users live in low and middle income countries.The WHO estimates that tobacco use caused onehundred million deaths in the twentieth century.If current rates continue,that number could reach one billion in thiscentury.28.The following about World No Tobacco Day is true

18、 e x c e p t.A.it was started by the World Health Assembly B.it is celebrated in May every other yearC.it warns people of the dangers of smoking D.it is meant to protect women and girls this year29.According to WHO,tobacco industry is to blame b e c a u s e.A.it has managed to increase sales of toba

19、cco among women and girlsB.it has hired more women and girls to help with the advertisementC.it sells its tobacco at a lower price to women and girlsD.it only collects data from more than 151 countries30.Framework Convention is made to.A.increase tobacco production B.improve the way of tobacco adver

20、tisingC.protect women from the dangers of smoking D.estimate the demand of tobacco products31.What has happened five years after the agreement came into being?A.The sale of tobacco to the young is banned in most of the signers.B.Eighty percent of the signers have printed warnings on tobacco products

21、.C.Seventy percent of the signers are persuading old people not to start smoking.D.Few signers have told people the advantage of giving up smoking.三、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions,but surely they wont everreplace human artists.Rig

22、ht?Think again.Not even our artists will be safe from the inevitable machine takeover,if a new development inartificial intelligence（AI）by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebooks AI lab offers a clue ofwhats to come.They have designed an AI capable of not only producing art,but a

23、ctually inventing whole newaesthetic（美学的）styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism.The idea,according toresearcher Marian Mazzone,was to make art that is“novel,but not too novel”.The model used in this project involves a generator network,which produces the images,and

24、a discriminatornetwork,which judges”whether its art,Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributorrecognizes as art,its given an additional instruction:to produce art that doesnt match any known aesthetic styles.“You want to have something really creative and striking but at the

25、same time not to go too far and makesomething that isnt aesthetically pleasing,explained Ahmed Elgammal.The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced artwithout showing which was which.To the researchers9 surprise,the machine-made art scored sli

26、ghtly higher overallthan the human-produced art.Of course,machines cant yet replace the meaning conveyed in works by human artists,but this project showsthat artist skill sets certainly seem reproducible by machines.What will it take for machines to produce content with meaning?That might be the las

27、t AI frontier.Humanartists can at least hang ihein hats in that field for now.Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask,Who is that by?And you say,Well,its amachine actually/That would be an interesting conversation starter,said Kevin Walker.32.What is implied in the second paragrap

28、h?A.Artists wont be replaced by AI.B.AI can produce new styles of art.C.AI is totally at a loss about impressionism.D.AI fails to reflect abstract expressionism.33.What did Marian find in his study?A.AI can please human judges with its art.B.AI can combine content with meaning.C.AI can make art aest

29、hetically unpleasant.D.AI can create high quality arts.34.What does the underlined phrase“hang their hats mean?A.Discover.B.Hold.C.Struggle.D.Appear.35.What Kevin said in the last paragraph tells us that.A she uses machines to cook for a party B.she likes to join in a dinner partyC.she expects the a

30、rrival of AI D.she cares about the starter of a chat四、（湖北省龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中2021届高三联考）If you are crazy about paintings,you shouldnt miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stoodthe test of time.The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait,an oil painting on wood produced in 1434

31、,in which a man and a womanhold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her,is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the NationalGallery,London.This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed.It is also an informative document onfifteenth-century society,through Jan van Eycks heavy

32、use of symbolismwhile husbands went out to engage inbusiness,wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night,oil on canvas（帆布）,a moderately abstract landscape painting ofan expressive night sky over a small hillside village,during his 12-mont

33、h stay at the mental hospital nearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,France between 1889 and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York Citypurchased the painting from a private collector in 1941,it was not well known,but it has since become one ofVincent van Goghs most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harves

34、ters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It demonstrates theharvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September.Nicolaes Jonghelinck,amerchant banker and art collector from Antwerp,commissioned this painting.The painting has been a

35、t theMetropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.GuernicaGuernica,a large black-and-white oil painting,was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter,Pablo Picasso in1937.The title“Guernica refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War.Thepainting demonstrates

36、the horrors of war and as a result,has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of thetragedies of war.Today,the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofai in Madrid.21.Which of the following paintings was produced latest?A.The Arnolfini Portrait.B.The Starry Night.C.The

37、 Harvesters.D.Guernica.22.Who created the painting describing the harvest time?A.Pieter Bruegel the Elder.B.Vincent van Gogh.C.Jan van Eyck.D.Pablo Picasso.23.What can we know according to the passage?A.In Jan van Eycks time,husbands were also responsible for housework.B.Nicolaes Jonghelinck enjoyed

38、 the same reputation as Pieter Bruegel the Elder.C.The Starry Night wasnt widely recognized before 1941.D.Guernica is collected at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.五、（湖南省衡阳市第一中学2021届高三期中）Electric cars are getting cheaper and their sales are on the rise,but their future success may depend o

39、nabandoning a key ingredient:the heavy metal cobalt（钻）.The mineral is used in lithium-ion（锂离子）batteries thatpower most electric cars,and demand for it is steadily increasing.A new analysis by Elsa Olivetti at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology has found that there may be cobalt shortages if we

40、 dont start refining（提炼）and recycling it more efficiently or in greater quantities.She estimates that global demand fbr cobalt will rise tobetween 235,000 and 430,000 tonnes by 2030 an amount that is at least 1.6 times the worlds current ability torefine the metal,as of 2016 figures.Cobalt is often

41、produced as a by-product of copper or nickel mining.It is expensive,at around$33,000 per tonne,and also comes with a human cost.Most of the worlds supply 60 per cent comes from the Democratic Republicof the Congo,where mining has been linked to child labour and deaths.The new analysis suggests short

42、-term cobalt supply is adequate,but that more mining exploration,such as in theocean,is required.In addition,we will need to speed up cobalt recycling by recovering it from batteries in unusableelectric cars,laptops and mobile phones.Another option is to shift to batteries that use less cobalt,or no

43、ne at all.ElonMusks car firm Tesla is in talks with battery manufacturer CATL to use entirely cobalt-free batteries in itsChina-made cars.Lithium-ion batteries in electric cars commonly use either lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide or lithiumnickel manganese cobalt oxide fbr their ability to prov

44、ide a high energy density a key factor in how far an electriccar can go on a single charge.For short-range cars made and sold in China,Tesla claims that it will instead use lithiumiron phosphate（LiFePO 4）（磷酸铁锂）batteries,which are much cheaper and have a longer lifespan（寿命）.Besides,they have less of

45、an environmental impact compared with those needing cobalt.The disadvantage is that they tend tohave a lower energy density,reducing how far a car can travel without needing to be charged.LiFePO 4 batteries are already widely used by other Chinese firms,including BYD,the worlds biggest electriccar m

46、anufacturer.If other electric car manufacturers follow internationally,we may be able to reduce our dependenceon a limited mineral resource.8.What is Elsa Olivettis prediction?A.Cobalt will be needed badly.B.Cobalt will be recycled efficiently.C.Cobalt will be refined in a different way.D.Cobalt wil

47、l be replaced by other heavy metals.9.What is a suggested solution to cobalt shortages?A.Turning to renewable energy sources.B.Choosing batteries produced by Tesla.C.Decreasing the number of private vehicles.D.Making the best use of abandoned batteries.10.Compared with lithium-ion batteries,LiFePO 4

48、 b a t t e r i e s.A.are more expensive B.are more eco-friendlyC.have fewer life cycles D.offer more usable energy11.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Cobalt:a new choice for batteriesB.How do lithium-ion batteries work?C.Tesla vs.BYD:a tough competitionD.Can electric cars kick the cobalt

49、habit?六、(湖南省衡阳市第一中学2021届高三期中)Real Hotels Featured in MoviesTimberline LodgeFeatured in:The ShiningLocated on the south side of Mount Hood,Oregon,Timberline Lodge was used for some shots of the fictionalOverlook Hotel in this 1980 horror film,based on Stephen Kings best-selling novel.Hotel management

50、 askeddirector Stanley Kubrick not to show room 217(featured clearly in the book),concerned that future guests wouldavoid staying there.A nonexistent room number 237 was used instead.Surprisingly,room 217 is now requested morethan any other room.Park Hyatt TokyoFeatured in:Lost in TranslationLocated