单元二 谓语动词的语态（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx

《单元二 谓语动词的语态（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《单元二 谓语动词的语态（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、单元二 谓语动词的语态（精讲案）2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】重点考点：一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.在过去的这些年里,莎士比亚的戏剧

2、哈姆雷特至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。In some parts of the world, tea is served with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,茶被提供的时候会加牛奶和糖。一、被动语态的特殊形式几种特殊形式的被动结构:1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构He is reported to have broken a world record.据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构Its said that they have discovered a new star.据说他们发现了一颗新星。3.“get+done

3、”构成的被动结构get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困二、被动语态的构成构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下（以动词do为例）：一般现在时：am/is/are +done例：In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings.在东南亚国家的文化中，微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。一般过去时：was/were +d

4、one例：Five reporters were sent to cover the conference.五名记者被派去报道这次会议。一般将来时：will/shall be +done 例：You will be abandoned by your fans.你将被歌迷抛弃。现在进行时：am/is/are being +done 例：A new bridge is being built at present.一座新桥现在正在建造中。现在完成时：have/has been +done 例：Some people have been ruined by their desire for wea

5、lth.一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。过去进行时：was/were +being +done 例：We couldnt use the computer. It was being repaired.我们不能使用那台电脑，它正在被维修。过去完成时：had been +done例：When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished.老板到达办公室时，所有的工作都完成了。三、被动语态的用法用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the

6、office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。强调或突出动作的承受者The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。注意：动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。The plan will be give

7、n up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。含情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be+过去分词。He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.这项计划应该尽早执行。“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周治疗一次。四、主动形式表被动意义1.表示状态特征的系动词,如loo

8、k, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear等构成的系表结构。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。2.表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词,如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, shut。This kind of material washes easily.这种布料容易洗。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run等。The shop closes at 6

9、 pm every day.这家商店每天下午六点关门。1. Quantities of food _the charity every year.A. are donated to B. is donated to C. are donated D. donate to2. Paper _ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.A. inventedB. was inventedC. inventD. is invented3. The mother looks upset outside the operating room, whose so

10、n _ on.A. is being operated B. is operated C. has been operatedD. was operated4. John _to come to the teachers office just now. He may be in trouble.A. was told B. told C. has told D. tells5.Jack, do you have any problems if you _the job？Well, Im thinking about the salary.A. will be offered B. have

11、offered C. are offered D. will offer6. Tom had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _seriously.A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach

12、 D. will have reached8. In order to make Dandong more beautiful, more trees and flowers _every year.A. will plant B. should plant C. should be planted D. must plant9. Food and medical supplies _ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A. distributeB. distributedC. are distributedD. were

13、 distributed10. It is reported that a menu of 678 dishes for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games _ to meet the different taste needs of athletes.A. has designedB. have been designingC. have designedD. has been designed11. Our class _ 55 lively boys and girls, and Mr. Yu is strict with each of us.A

14、. makes upB. is made up ofC. is built upD. builds up12. Every evening after dinner, if not _ in reading books, she can be found _ on the sofa watching TV.A. absorbed; seatingB. absorbing; satC. absorbed; seatedD. absorbing; sitting13. The notice says that customers _ not to take anything into the ch

15、anging room.A. are requestedB. requestC. will requestD. are being requested14.Whats that noise outside?A new school_.A. is being builtB. will be built0C. has been builtD. is building15. So far no basketball court _ in our community.A. has builtB. has been builtC. is buildingD. was built答案以及解析1.答案：A解

16、析：考查语态和主谓一致。句意：每年有大量的食物被捐赠给慈善机构。donate sth.to sb.捐赠某物给某人，根据主语Quantities of food 可知，用被动语态，其被动形式为sth. be donated to sb.,quantities of +名词在句中作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数。故选A。2.答案：B解析：考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“2,000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时；又因为“paper”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故此题应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语paper为第三人称单数，助动词用 w

17、as。故选B。3.答案：A解析：考查时态语态。句意：手术室外这位母亲非常担忧，她的儿子正在做手术。现在进行时是be+doing，做手术是be operated,正在做手术是be being operated。故选A。4.答案：A解析：考查时态语态。句意：刚才John被告诉来老师办公室，他可能有麻烦了。根据句意可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。5.答案：C解析：考查时态语态。句意：杰克，如果你被录用的话，你还有问题吗?我正在考虑薪水的问题，根据Im thinking about the salary可知被录取。故选C。6.答案：D解析：考查时态语态。句意：Tom把车送到了维修点，因为它严重损

18、坏了。损坏的动作在送修理厂之前，用过去完成时，同时是被损坏，用被动语态。故选D。7.答案：A解析：考查时态语态。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系。故选A。8.答案：C解析：考查被动语态。句意：为了使丹东更漂亮，应该每年种植更多的树木和花。A. will plant一般将来时的主动语态；B. should plant 含有情态动词的主动语态；C. should be planted 含有情态动词的被动语态；D. must plant必须种植，主语和谓语动词之间是动

19、宾关系所以用被动结构，含有情态动词的被动结构是情态动词+be done。故选C。9.答案：D解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知,Food and medical supplies作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系,故需要用被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be动词要用were。故选D项。10.答案：D解析：考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:据报道,北京2022年冬季奥运会已经设计出678道菜,以满足不同运动员的口味需求。分析句子结

20、构可知,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,所以that从句是主语从句,空处在that从句中做谓语,根据句意可知,设计这个动作到现在报道的时候已经完成,应用现在完成时,主语是a menu(菜单)和动词design(设计)二者之间是被动关系,此处应用现在完成时的被动,主语是单数,应用has been designed,故选D。11.答案：B解析：考查动词语态和短语辨析。句意：我们班由55个活泼的男孩和女孩组成,于老师对我们每个人都很严格。make up构成；编造；be made up of由组成；build up增强；逐步建立；be built up是build up的被动语态。根据句意,

21、“班级是由55个活泼的男孩和女孩组成”,用be made up of,主语class看做一个整体,谓语动词用单数,故选B。12.答案：C解析：If引导条件状语从句，如果主从主语一直，并从句中谓语动词有be动词时，可省略if从句中的be动词和主语。sb be absorbed in doing sth，某人全神贯注地做某事。第二空seat是及物动词，构成seat sb结构，现在sb前置了，故用被动形式。故选C。13.答案：A解析：考查时态。句意：通知说顾客被要求不能带任何物品进入更衣室。be requested not to do表示“被要求不要做”。故选A。14.答案：A解析：考查时态和被动。

22、句意:一外面是什么声音?一所新学校正在兴建中。A. is being built (现在进行时被动)正在被修建; B. will be built(一般将来时被动)将会被修建; C. has been built(现在完成时被动)已经被修建; D. is building(现在进行时)正在修建。结合前文“Whats that noise outside?(外面是什么声音?)”语境可知,“声音”正在发生,因此应是现在进行时,且主语“A new school”与动词“build”之间为被动关系,应是现在进行时被动。故选A项。15.答案：B解析：分析句子可知,主语basketball court与动词build之间为被动关系,时间状语so far用于现在完成时,所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,B项符合题意。故选：B。版权所有正确教育 侵权必纠！