单元七 代词（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx

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1、单元七 代词(精讲案)2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词及疑问代词 1. 基本用法类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性功能主语宾语、表语定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouryoursyourself复数yourselves第三人称单数hehimhishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 反身代词的搭配s

2、ay to oneself 心里想dress oneself 自己穿衣seat oneself 坐下enjoy oneself 玩得开心teach oneself 自学help oneself to 随便吃；随便用behave oneself 有礼貌；守规矩of oneself 自动地in oneself 本质上，本身by oneself 独自，单独for oneself 替自己，为自己to oneself 独自拥有的beside oneself (因情绪)失去自制力，失常adapt oneself to 适应apply oneself to 专心致志于devote oneself to 致力

3、于，献身于，专心于make oneself at home 舒适自在，无拘束treat oneself to 招待，款待，买(可享受的东西)3. 指示代词this, that, these, those的用法指示代词用法this/ that指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物，this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/ those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用4. 疑问代词what的用法(1)what常用于询问他人的职业、外貌、性格特征等。You have met our new teacher. What does he look l

4、ike?你已经见过我们的新老师了。他长什么样子？(2)what常用句式What is the height/ weight/ depth/ width/ length/ size?高度/ 重量/ 深度/ 宽度/ 长度/ 尺寸是多少？What is the population?人口是多少？What is the distance?距离是多远？What is the price?价格是多少？What is your address?你住哪里？What is your attitude?你的态度是怎样的？二、it的用法1. it的指代用法(1)指代上文提到的某样东西例：Where is my di

5、ctionary? I left it right on the desk.我的字典在哪里？我就把它放在书桌上了。(2)用以代替指示代词this, that例：- Whats this? 这是什么？- Its a flag. 它是一面旗。(3)指代不知性别的婴儿(baby)或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁)例：The baby cried because it was hungry.这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。- Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？- It might be the postman。 可能是邮递员。(4)指代时间、距离、天气、气候、环境

6、或温度。例：It is nine oclock sharp now.现在是九点整。It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下的正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。Its very noisy in the room.屋里噪音很大。(5)it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。例：Its not easy to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语不容易。(代替不定式短语形式主语)I have made it clear that nobody

7、 is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。(代替名词性从句作形式宾语) 2. It 作形式主语、形式宾语的常用句型(1)it作形式主语It is a pity/ shame that. 真可惜It is no wonder that. 不足为奇，并不奇怪It seems/ appears that. 似乎/ 看来It looks/ seems as if/ as that. 看起来/ 似乎/ 好像It happens that. 碰巧It occurs to/ comes to/ strikes/ hits sb. that. 某人突然想起

8、It is said/ reported that 据说/ 据报道It is certain that 肯定It is well-known that. 众所周知It is no use/ no good doing sth. 做某事没用/ 没好处It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花某人多长时间(2)it 作形式宾语 主语+ think/ believe/ suppose/ consider/ feel/ make/ keep.+it +adj./ n. +for/ of+ sb. to do sth./ that 从句 主语+ think/ belie

9、ve/ suppose/ consider/ feel/ make/ keep.+it + adj./ no use/ no good doing doing sth.3. 与it相关的常用短语和句型(1)I take it that you dont agree with me.我想你不同意我的意见。(2)I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.当我非得用法语打电话时，我感到厌烦。(3)I like it when she sings a song to me.我喜欢她为我唱歌。(4)I cant help it if he

10、 is always late.如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。(5)1 would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。(6)Please see to it that (make sure that) you bring enough money when you go out.出门时，请确保带足了钱。(7)You can depend upon it that he is very smart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。(8)As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生

11、巧。(9)When it comes to drive, shes got more than any of us.讲干劲，她比谁都足。(10)It is (high) time that we had/ should have lunch.该吃午饭了。(11)It is the first/ second.time I have visited the place.这是我第一/ 二次参观这个地方。(12)It is/ has been 3 years since he joined the army.他参军3年了。(13)It was 3 years before he came back

12、home.3年了他才回家。(14)It is I who/ that am right.我是对的。4. 用于强调句型It is/ was+被强调部分+that/ who例：Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.约翰的成功和好运气没关系。是多年的努力工作才使他有了今天。 三、不定代词的区分1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别指代 词义都任何一个都不两个人或物botheit

13、herneither三个或三个以上的人或物allanynone例：Ive bought two books, you can have either.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。Any child who breaks the rules will be punished.凡违反规定的孩子都要受罚。None of these pens works/ work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。2. another, the other, others, the others的区别代词用法例句another指三者或三者以上I dont like this room. Im going to ask for

14、another.我不喜欢这个房间。我打算另要一间。the other特指两者中的另一个，常用在one, the other结构中If you match that glove against this one, you will find that one is slightly lighter than the other.假如你把那只手套和这只手套进行比较，你会发现一只比另一只的颜色略微淡一点。others泛指别的人或物，常用在some, others结构中Some students are cleaning the classroom; others are playing on the

15、 playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另外一些学生在操场上玩。the others特指其余的所有的人或物Shes not less capable than the others in the class.她的能力并不比班里其他人弱。注意：(1)the other通常还可作定语修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词复数时，表示其余所有的。例：All the other students are here, only he is absent today.其他学生都在这里，今天只有他缺席了。(2)another后还可跟基数词/ few+可数名词复数表示另外几个another+基数词+可数名词复数=基数

16、词+more+可数名词复数。例：I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another three weeks (= three more weeks).我在这里已经待了两周了，我还要在这儿再待三周。(3)other作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；前面若有the, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词时，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。例：I dont like this colour. Have you got any other colour?我不喜欢这种颜色，你还有其他颜色吗？3

17、. nobody/ no one, nothing, none的区别代词指代用来回答相当于是否加of短语nobody/ no one人whonot anybodynot anyone否nothing物whatnot anything否none人或物how manyhow muchnot a/ an/ any+名词或no+名词是例：As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.由于我们都睡着了，所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。I wish I could offer you some cake but theres none left.我真想能请你吃些

18、蛋糕，但一点儿也没剩下。4. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别多少复数名词概念manyfew不可数名词概念muchlittle肯定否定复数名词概念a fewfew不可数名词概念a littlelittle注意：1. only a few = few; only a little = little; quite a few = many; quite a little = much2. many, much, (a) few, (a) little作代词后加of短语时，of后的名词或代词必须是特定的。例：今天这些人中有很多缺席了。Many o

19、f people are absent today.()Many of the people are absent today.()3. a little与a bit 都可指代或修饰不可数名词，也可作状语。a little 直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit后需加of；作状语时，都表示程度，意义相同，但是not a little意为很，而not a bit意为一点也不。例：Theres only a bit of/ a little room left for the piano.屋子里仅有一点地方放这架钢琴。He is a little/ a bit angry.他有点生气。He is not

20、 a bit angry.他一点也不生气。He is not a little angry.他非常生气。5. one, ones, the one, the ones, those, that的区别(1)one VS ones one可用a/ an+单数名词替代例：We have various summer camps for your holiday. You can choose one (=a summer camp) based on your own interest.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。 ones可用零冠词+复数名词替代例：Mr.

21、Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (= presents) that I had never seen.张先生给了我很多贵重的礼物，这些(礼物)是我从来没见过的。(2)the one VS the ones the one可用the+单数名词替代例：The book on the desk is better than the one (=the book) under the desk.桌子上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。 the ones可用the+复数名词替代例：The apples on the table are bigger than

22、 the ones (the apples) in the bag.桌子上的苹果比袋子里的那些苹果大。(3)that VS those that可用the+单数名词/ 不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)例：Little joy can equal that (= the joy) of a surprising ending when you read stories.几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。 those可用the+复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)例：His ideas are different from those (= the ideas) of

23、his friends. 他的想法和他朋友们的想法不一样。6. 含复合不定代词的习惯用语He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名职员。He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives.她算得上是一位医生。她救了很多人的命。He is a scientist or something.他是科学家之类的人物。Your house is something like ours.你们的房子有点像我们的。They get something like

24、 97% renewals every year.他们每年差不多有97%的用户续订。7. 全部肯定，部分肯定或全部否定全部肯定部分否定全部否定bothnot出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中neitherall (+名词)none; not any (+名词); no+名词everybody/everyone; everything;every+名词nobody/ no one; nothing例：Not all of them smoke = All of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。1. Let _ help _.A. they; you B. us;

25、 your C. her; their D. us; you2. Whats this in English?_a coat.A. This is B. That is C. It is D. One is3. Im penniless, dear. I can afford _ of what you asked for.A. little B. few C. none D. no one4. Could you tell me where you bought your beautiful handbag? I want to buy _too.A. one B. that C. this

26、 D. it5. The old computer is theirs but the new computer belongs to _. A. we B. our C. us D. ours6. Ive just read your blood test report and all seems OK, so theres _ to worry about.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything7. Tina recommended me a few foreign songs, but _ was to my taste.A.

27、all B. neither C. either D. none8. I served drinks in a bar last summer. I find a _ real battle being on my feet all the time like that.A. it B. that C. myself D. them9. The information on the Internet gets around more rapidly than _in the newspaper.A. it B.one C. that D. those10. The pet dog in you

28、r hand is very nice. Is it _?Yes, but Ill give it to my friend Lucy as _ birthday present.A. yours; hersB. your; herC. yours; herD. you; her11. Is this iPhone _.No, it isnt. I am just thinking of buying _.A. your; it B. your; one C. yours; it D. yours; one12. I thought there would be many people at

29、the show, but when I arrived, I found _.A. nobodyB. nothingC. no oneD. none13. I would appreciate _ if you could give me early reply.A. you B. myself C. it D. them 14. The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of _ on the Earth.A. thatB. thoseC. oneD. ones15. In many ways, the education system

30、 in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. thisC. oneD. it答案以及解析1.答案：D解析：考查代词。句意：让我们来帮助你。they他们，人称代词主格形式；us我们，人称代词宾格形式；her她，人称代词宾格；她的，形容词性物主代词；you你，你们；人称代词主格和宾格；your你的，你们的；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。第一个空是动词let的宾语，应该用宾格形式；第二个空也是help的宾语，也用宾格。故选D。2.答案：C解析：考查代词。句意：这个用英语怎么说？它是一件大衣。当上句中的主语是this/t

31、hat时，后句经常用it来代替。故选C。3.答案：C解析：考查代词。Im penniless是解题的关键。既然分文没有，就无法付款，排除A、B两项，no one不能接of短语。故选C。4.答案：A解析：考查指示代词。句意：你能告诉我这个漂亮的手提包是在哪里买的吗？我也想买一个。one表示泛指可数名词中的一个；that表示远指，也可指代不可数名词或比较的对象；this表示近指；it特指上文提到的人或物。这里指代前句提到的handbag，handbag是可数名词，我想买一个和你一样的手提包，说明是泛指同类中的一个，且指代可数名词，应该用one。故选A。5.答案：C解析：考查代词。句意：这个旧电脑是

32、他们的，但这台新的属于我们。根据句意及题干分析可知，belong to(属于)后面要跟代词的宾格形式。故选C。6.答案：C解析：考查不定代词。句意：我刚看了你的验血报告，没有问题，因此你没有必要担心。根据Ive just read your blood test report and all seems OK可知不用担心。故选C。7.答案：D解析：考查不定代词。句意：Tina推荐给我几首外国的歌曲，但是没有适合我的口味。all所有的；neither两者都不；either两者任何一个；none一个也没有。故选D。8.答案：A解析：考查代词。句意：去年夏天我在一个酒吧端酒，我发现我所有的时间都在跑

33、来跑去，真像是一场战争。sb. find it.固定句式，我发现。故选 A。9.答案：C解析：考查代词。句意：网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得快。the information为不可数名词，故用that。故选C。10.答案：C解析：考查物主代词。句意：你手里的宠物狗很好。是你的吗? 是的，但我会把它作为生日礼物送给我的朋友露西。根据句意和结构可知第一空使用yours代替your pet dog，意为你的；第二空用her她的指代Lucys。故选：C。11.答案：D解析：考查代词。句意：一这部苹果手机是你的吗？一不，它不是。我正考虑买一部。陈述句的形式为This iPhone is yours，故填

34、名词性物主代词。it表示同一个；one表示同一类中的一个，因此用代词one。故选D。12.答案：D解析：考查代词辨析。句意：我原以为会有很多人来看演出，但我到的时候，我发现一个人也没有。A. nobody没有人；B. nothing什么也没有；C. no one没有人；D. none没有人。no one(等于nobody)一般用来回答who，及含anyone，anybody引起的疑问句。none 一般用来回答how many +n， how much +n及含any+n引起的疑问句。nothing 一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。根据there would b

35、e many people可知，我发现一个人也没有。故选D项。13.答案：C解析：考查代词。句意：如果你能给我早期回复的话我会非常感激。A. you你们，你；B. myself我自己：C.it它；D. them他们。结合句子可知在动词appreciate(感激)之后用it作形式宾语，if从句作真正的宾语从句。故选C。14.答案：A解析：命题意图题。考查代词词义辨析。本句中the gravity on Mars和the gravity on the Earth形成对比，gravity是单数，所以用that指代，that一般可代指可数名词单数和不可数名词。15.答案：A解析：本题考查代词。结合句意在许多方面，美国的教育系统与英国的(教育系统)并没有太大不同，所以这句话本应为In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from the education system in the UK，为了避免重复，横线处用that代指前面提到的内容，其余三项无此用法。故正确答案为A。版权所有正确教育 侵权必纠！