高考英语复习词性转换讲义.docx

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1、8词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。形容词转换为副词类别例词直接加lyclearclearly清楚地quick-quickly 快速地quiet-quietly 安静地real-really 真正地helpful-helpfully 有用地careful-carefully 仔细地greatgreatly 很，大大地hopeful-hopefully有希望地slow

2、-slowly慢地以辅音字母y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加lyhappyhappily高兴地busybusily 忙碌地angryangrily愤怒地Luckyluckily幸运地heavyheavily 沉重地easy-easily容易地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterribleterribly可怕地；极度地simple-simply简单地possible-possibly可能地gentlegently轻轻地 词尾e结尾的形容词，直接加加ly。polite-politely礼貌地wide-widely广泛地wise-wisely明智地entire-entirely完全地comp

3、lete-completely完全地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加lytruetruly 真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully充分地；完全地shrillshrilly尖声地；耀眼地dulldully迟钝地词尾为ic的形容词，加allyenthusiasticenthusiastically满腔热情地basicbasically主要地，基本上geneticgenetically从遗传学角度energeticenergetically精力充沛地historic historically从历史观点上说automaticautomatically自动地scientificscienti

4、fically 合乎科学地alphabeticalphabetically照字母顺序排列地注意：friendly; motherly; lovely是形容词。动词、形容词转换为名词1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正connectconnection联系attractattraction 吸引celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会conductconduction传导concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmis

5、sion 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释expectexpectation 期望competecompetition比赛,竞争；repeat repetition重复graduategraduation 毕业collide collision碰撞（或相撞）事故tensetension紧张pronounce pronunciation发音describe description描写er/orrun runner跑步者/信使drivedriver司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老师be

6、gin beginner初学者/新手,labour labourer劳动者swim swimmer游泳者traveltraveller旅游者learnlearner学习者/初学者announceannouncer 广播员lovelover爱好者workworker工人researchresearcher研究员printprinter印刷工gardengardener园艺工ownowner 主人observe observer观测者/观察员directdirector主任 collectcollector收藏家instructinstructor教员/指导者conductconductor 指挥

7、；售票员mentpunishpunishment惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据adjustadjustment 调整treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府developdevelopment发展movemovement动作agreeagreement同意managemanagement管理advertiseadvertisement广告establishestablishment确立statestatement声明ance/enceappearappear

8、ance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导conductconductance 电导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅dependdependence 依靠，依赖-al approveapproval赞成 survive survival 幸存refuserefusal拒绝arrive arrival到达proposeproposal提议，建议ure/turefailfailure失败；倒闭presspressure 压力expose exposu

9、re面临，暴露departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现deliver-delivery 递送flatter-flattery 谄媚treat-treaty条约inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势growgrowth生长marry marriage婚姻carry carriage客车厢，运输pack package包合post postage

10、邮资、邮费store storage贮存2形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyurgent-urgency 紧急efficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧enceconfidentconfidence自信silentsilence 沉默differentdifference差异independentindependence独立excellentexcellence优秀

11、persistentpersistence坚持nessdarkdarkness黑暗weakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意happyhappiness开心 sadsadness宽心usefulusefulness有用性tiredtiredness疲倦wetwetness湿度illillness疾病thstrongstrength力气；强项longlength 长度 broadbreadth 宽（广）度 deep -depth 深度wide width 宽度 warmwarmth 温暖；热情y/ty/ityhones

12、thonesty诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任stupid stupidity 愚蠢realreality 现实superiorsuperiority 卓越punctual punctuality 准时personal personality 个性，名人nationalnationality 国籍 creativecreativity 创造力，创造性productiveproductivity 生产力selecti

13、ve selectivity 选择性equalequality 平等popularpopularity 普及activeactivity 活动 名词、动词转换为形容词后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的adjustadjustable可调整的comfortcomfortable 舒适的suitsuitable 合适的fashionfashionable 时髦的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal 最初的spiritspiritual 精神的personpersonal 个人的；私人的fundament f

14、undamental基本的centrecentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的wonderwonderful绝妙的painpainful疼痛的successsuccessful成功的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的ingsurprisesurprising令人惊异的pleasepleasing令人高兴

15、的boreboring令人厌烦的convinceconvincing 令人信服的interestinteresting有趣的的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的sensesensible 明智的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious

16、 忧虑的cautioncautious 小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的messmessy凌乱的mistmisty多雾的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的greedgreedy贪婪的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的 troubletroublesome 麻烦的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的erneasteastern东方的；向东的westwestern西方的特别注意ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰物或事。学科网（北京）股份有限公司