2021年12月北京华北计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

《2021年12月北京华北计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年12月北京华北计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf（63页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、【考研英语】2021年12月北京华北计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed.Strongunions keep them there.In Fleet Street,home of some of Londonsbiggest dailies,it is understood that when two unions quarrel over threejobs the argument is settled by giving

2、each union two.That means 33per cent over manning,33 per cent less productivity than could beobtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities ariseamong British unionsA、Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.B、More jobs will be created by the union.C、More people will be e

3、mployed than necessary.D The unions will try to increase productivity.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者.there are more men thanare needed.when two unions quarrel over three jobs,theargument is settled by giving each union two”,接卜来作者又进一步说明其实质，即它意味着33 per cent over manning,33per cent less productivity than could

4、be obtained”。第2题【单选题】The government on purchase of cars was 80 billion yuan in 2008,and use and maintenance amounts to around 300 billion yuan a year.A、spendingB、spentC、costD、costing【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查的是现在分词的用法，spending onpurchase of cars在这里是一个现在分词短语。句意：2008年政府花费了 800亿用于购车，并且一年的使用和维护费用则高达3000亿。第3题【单选题

5、】The black robin is one of the worlds rarest birds.It is a small,wild bird,and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere,off the coast of NewZealand.In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there;in 1977 therewere fewer than ten.A These are the only black robins left in the world.B Those that

6、 fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C、Both represent orders in the classification of life.D、Detailed studies are going on,and a public appeal for money hasbeen made.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。前文说的是The black robin（旅鸽）的现存数量和活动地点。选项A 说的是这里成为有The blackrobin的唯一的地方。所以，选项A 是合适的选项。第4题【单选题】People suspec

7、ted that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to killhis wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his oldhouse and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.His estranged wifeheard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed toescape.Seven months after the murder,a ju

8、ry concluded that Lucan hadkilled the nanny.lt is thought that Lucan killed the nanny b e c a u s e.A、she was looking after the childrenB、she was a friend of LucansC、it was dark and he thought she was Lady LucanD Loa rd Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o 因果关系题。对 照 本 段 People

9、suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted tokill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan enteredhis old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.本来是要杀他的妻子，可是因为天太黑，所以错杀了保姆。第5题【单选题】The benefit of it would compensate danger.A、补偿B、支持C、惊奇D、允许【正确答案】A【答案解析】compensate v

10、t.补偿，赔偿;付报酬。第6题【单选题】We have to modify our plan a little bit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize【正确答案】C【答案解析】m odify修改，修饰;更改；adjust调整,使适合。第7题【单选题】I would class my garden as medium in size.A、单调的B、中等的C、温暖的D、使命【正确答案】B【答案解析】medium ad j.中间的，中等的;半生熟的。第8题【单选题】The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600,

11、the Spanishbrought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown.Irelandbecame so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved whenthe crop failed during the Potato Famine（饥荒）of 1845 1846,andthousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move toAmerica.Thousands of Irish pe

12、ople starved during the Potato FaminebecauseA、they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eatanything else.B、they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C、the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growingpotatoes.D、the potato harvest was bad.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段

13、提到，土豆传到欧洲后被广泛种植。爱尔兰人对土豆非常依靠。在“土豆饥荒时期，土豆减产(whenthe crop failed),因而人们遭受饥饿，被迫离开故土。第9题【单选题】Water is absent in this area.A、ampleB、assiduousC、affluentD、deficient【正确答案】D【答案解析】absent缺少的；deficient不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的。第10题【单选题】Besides T o m,C r o s e t t e s have two other s o n s,o f whomare all interested in makin

14、g model planes.A 不填,twoB 不填,the twoC、the,threeD、the,the three【正确答案】D【答案解析】在英语的姓氏前使用定冠词，表示的是这个姓氏的一家人或这个姓氏的夫妇；“the+数词+o f+代词这一结构表示该代词的总数是前面的数词表示的数量，而 数词+o f+代词结构中的代词表示的量肯定大于前面数词表示的数量。第11题【单选题】My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he_ there.A、not wentB won/t goC not goD、not to go【正

15、确答案】C【答案解析】suggest后面的从句用sb.should do的形式，should可以省略。第12题【单选题】They plan to the run-down house in a years time.团A、reviveB、renovateC、replaceD、remove【正确答案】B【答案解析】句意：他们计划在一年时间内翻修这所旧房子。renovate意为“修复；整修一新；revive意为“使复兴，振兴；replace意为 放回，把 放回原处；remove意为“移开，挪开，拿走。第13题【单选题】If someone asked you,What color is the s

16、ky?l expect that you wouldanswer,Blue.I am afraid that you would be wrong.The sky has nocolor.When we see blue,we are looking at blue sunlight.The sunlight isshining on little bits of dust in the air.We know that there is air allaround the world.We could not breathe without air.Airplanes could notfl

17、y without air.They need air to lift their wings.Airplanes cannot fly veryhigh because as they go higher the air gets thinner.If we go far enoughaway from the earth,we find there is no air.When an airplane flies toohi g h,.A the air will be too thin to support its wings.B the air will become thicker.

18、C、the air will exert pressure on itD、the air will disappear in no time【正确答案】A 答案解析】文章第二段第三句Airplanes cannot fly very highbecause as they go higher the air gets thinner.,因此对照答案为Ao第14题【单选题】What do you think made Mary so upset?her new bicycle.A、As she lostB、LostC、LosingD、Because of losing.【正确答案】C【答案解析】

19、问句中的what只能用动名词短语losing her newbicycle来代替。答 案B为过去分词不作主语，答案A不构成主语从句。若将答语补充完整，全句为Losing her new bicyclemade Mary so upset.因此缺少主语，正确答案为C。第15题【单选题】you really need is self-confidence.A、ThatB、WhatC、AnythingD、Something which【正确答案】B【答案解析】题意为“你真正需要的是自信，空白处需要填入的引导词是whato第 16题【单选题】Many people act on without cou

20、nting the cost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；电子 脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力。第 17题【单选题】A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way forthe new amusement park.A take the place ofB give space forC、build upD、work out【正确答案】B【答案解析】make way for让路，让地给.give space for让地方给。参考译文：必须拆除很

21、多房屋来给新游乐公园腾地方。第18题【单选题】I particularly want to pay tribute,not only to those who prepared themagnificent dinner,but also to those who have provided the splendidmusic.A、我们不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。B、我们不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。C、我们不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。

22、D、我们不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。【正确答案】A【答案解析】虽然原文只重复介词t。，译文还是要重复动词“赞扬；此外原文provide 一词比较笼统，译文用“演奏一词更为合适。第19题【单选题】Congress assembles together in January.A rangeB restrictC gatherD、restore【正确答案】C【答案解析】assembles集合，聚 集;装 配;收 集；gather收集；收割；使聚集；使 皱起。第20题【单选题】They will get the preparation done e

23、arly in May.A、他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作。B、他们五月初就能准备好工作。C、他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完。D、他们五月初就能把准备工作做完。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初的意思，选 项A“让别人准备完这种表达是不准确的；此 外get the preparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完”,选 项B的表达不是很准确。第21题【单选题】The flood went down,leaving the village destroyed.A mainlyB completelyC、exactlyD、thoro

24、ughly【正确答案】B【答案解析】mainly主要的。completely完 全 的（强调整体性）。thoroughly彻 底 的（强调无疏漏）。第22题【单选题】Because Helen is his wife,it is difficult for Alan to be about hertalent.A、subjectiveB、objectiveC、impressiveD、persuasive【正确答案】B【答案解析】subjective主观的。objective客观的。impressive印象深刻的。persuasive善于游说的。第23题【单选题】Cost was a key i

25、n our decision.A、philosopherB innovationC qualityD、element【正确答案】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第24题【单选题】Peter has a changeable character.A roleB dispositionC、symbolD、nature【正确答案】B【答案解析】character性格，品质；disposition性情。第25题【单选题】Research shows heavy coffee drinking is a small increase inblood pressure,but

26、 not enough to increase the risk for high bloodpressure.A、compared withB、associated withC、attributed toD、referred to【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题的四个选项为形式不同的做表语的动词短语，因此考查的是词组的辨析与理解运用。(be)associatedwith”与.有关联，可见该词组符合题意。第26题【单选题】Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mindtheir manners.A、eva

27、luateB、memorizeC、protectD、observe【正确答案】D【答案解析】comply with服从,遵从。observe遵守，奉行。参考译文：读者被要求遵守图书馆规章并注意各自的行为规范。第27题【单选题】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and wonderful family,but realized his fatherwas very old,and thought perhaps he should go to hi

28、m.He had not seenhim since that graduation day.Before he could make arrangements tosee his father,he received a telegram telling him his father had passedaway,and willed all of his possessions to his son.He needed to comehome immediately and take care things.When he arrived at his fathershouse,sudde

29、n sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young manarrived home,he felt.A、sadB、disappointedC、horribleD、nervous【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。年轻人回到家里，出现了两个关键词sadness和regret,可以判断年轻人的心情是非常伤心的。故选A。第28题【单选题】Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn,the Irish milkmaidfought hard to hold back her la

30、ughter.A、checkB、keepC、stopD、retain【正确答案】A【答案解析】holdback抑制，控制。check克制，抑 制（做某事或表露感情）。参考译文：看见我笨手笨脚地把牛牵向牲口棚，那位爱尔兰挤奶女工竭尽全力克制自己不笑出声来。第29题【单选题】Many species,for example,originate in small populations.A、轮廓;B、发源C、器官D、选择【正确答案】B【答案解析】originate v i.发 源;发 生；起航。第30题【单选题】John knocked at the door for nearly five min

31、utes his wife openedit.A、whenB、beforeC、untilD、while【正确答案】B【答案解析】考查连词。句意为：他的妻子过了近五分钟才开门。before表示过了多久.才。第31题【单选题】Actually industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC alertD、perish【正确答案】A【答案解析】vary改变；im prove改善，增进；提高 的价值。第32题【单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his

32、thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A commentsB speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第33题解答题Many animals test their legs and totter forth only hours after they areborn,but humans need a year before they

33、 take their first,hesitant steps.Is something fundamentally different going on in human babies?Maybenot.(1)A new study shows that the time it takes for humans and allother mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of theirbrains.(2)ln past studies to develop a new animal model for the brai

34、ns inevents that support motor development,neurophysiologist MartinGarwicz discovered that the schedules by which ferrets and rats acquirevarious motor skills,such as crawling and walking,are strikingly similar toeach other;the progress simply happens faster for rats.That made themwonder how similar

35、 the timing of motor development might be amongmammals in general.(3)They compared the time between conceptionand walking in 24 species and looked at how well this durationcorrelated with a range of variables,including gestationtime,adult bodymass,and adult brain mass.As they report in this weeks is

36、sue of PNAS,brain mass accounts for the vast majority(94%)of the variance inwalking time between species.Species with larger brains,such as humans,tend to take longer to learn to walk.Strikingly,a model based on adultbrain mass and walking time in the other 23species almost perfectlypredicts when hu

37、mans begin to walk.Weve always considered humansthe exception,Garwicz says,But in fact,we start walking at exactly thetime that would be expected from all other walking mammals.Twoother variablesgestation time and brain mass at birthalso correlatenicely with age of walking for most animals,but not f

38、or humans.Thatmakes sense,the researchers say:Humans spend an unusually smallportion of their developmentand build an unusually small fraction oftheir brain mass-in the womb.(5)The model is able to accommodatethis quirk of human development because it uses the time it takes babiesto learn to walk fr

39、om conception,not birth.(At the other extreme,animals such as horses,who have a long gestation and then walk almostimmediately after they are born,also fit the model.)Barbara Finlay,aneuroscientist at Cornell University,says the findings support theexistence of a kind of a development clock for mamm

40、als.In her ownwork,Finlay has found that various mammals have similar timetables forbrain development before birth.But she had imagined that a postnatalmilestone such as walking would be more idiosyncratic.!was surprised,she says.I thought the clock would start to fracture.It will beinteresting,she

41、says,to see if the clock will keep time for latermilestones,such as events related to reproduction.【正确答案】一项新的研究显示，人类和其他所有哺乳动物开始行走的时间与各自的脑容量有着密切的关系。（2）在之前为支持运动神经发育的大脑活动而建立的一个新动物模型的研究中，神经生理学家Martin Garwicz发现，雪貂和小鼠获得不同运动技巧的时间表一一例如攀爬和行走一一彼此具有惊人的相似性，只不过小鼠的发育稍微快一些。（3）他们比较了 2 4 个物种的妊娠和开始行走的时间，并且观察这段时期与一系列变

42、量间隔之间的关系，这些变量包括怀孕时间、成年后的体积及成年后的脑容量。（4）很明显，基于其他 2 3 种物种的成年脑体积及行走时间所建立起来的模型，几乎可以准确地预测人类开始行走的时间。这一模型还能够适用于人类发育的突发事件，这是因为它所考虑的恰好是婴儿在妊娠期学习行走的时间，而非出生之后。第34题【单选题】The decline in moral standards,which has long concerned social analysts,has at last the attention of average Americans.A clarifiedB cultivatedC、c

43、haracterizedD、captured【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格 后 的 名 词attention搭配并符合题意的只有一个。capture 捕获，吸 引（注意力）。根据题意，正确答案应选Do第35题【单选题】“If anybody,please put down name/said theteacher to the monitor.A、wants to buy the bookhisB want to buy the booktheirC will buy the bookonesD、wants to have the book boughth

44、er【正确答案】A【答案解析】代词each和由every,some,noz any等构成的复合代词作主语，谓语需用单数。所以要用wants。his与anybody搭配。第36题【单选题】Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.A、anyoneB、whomeverC、whoeverD、no matter who【正确答案】C【答案解析】whoever既用做主语，也用做宾语。正确答案为 C whoever在此相当于anyone who。第37题【单选题】I find it astonishing that John be so

45、rude to me.Notastonishing at all.He is always rude to others.A shouldB mustC mightD、ought to【正确答案】A【答案解析】should表示说话人吃惊的语气。意思是“竟然,居然“。第38题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。B、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要

46、。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。lessimportant是“没有那么重要”的意思，但一加上scarcely,意思就反过来了，表示“同等重要。第39题【单选题】One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,largefamilies are helpful.Having more children means having more workers inthe fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In an

47、industrial economy,the situation is different.Many children do not helpa family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization hasgenerally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,whichwas industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of thetwentieth century,Italy wa

48、s a poor,largely agricultural country with ahigh birth rate.A代 er World War回，Italys economy was rapidlymodernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth ratehad dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the worlds lowest.In atraditional agricultural economy,a large f a mi l y.A、can be an adv

49、antageB、may limit incomeC、isnt necessaryD、is expensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 对照本段In a traditional agriculturaleconomy,large families are helpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A,成为一个优势，答案是A。第40题【单选题】The supply of silver in the mine had,causing great concernamong the people of the town.1 3A increasedB extendedC、de

50、valuedD、diminished【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：矿里白银的供应量下降，这引起城里人的极大关心。diminish意为 下降，减少；increase意为 增加，增强;extend意为“延展；devalue意为（货币）贬值。第41题【单选题】Secondary school had its own share of challenges.I was a tall kid andwasnt good at any sport,except looking.I loved basketball and tennis.The first day I held a racket,and