2021年4月陕西西安美术学院研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

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1、【考研英语】2021年4月陕西西安美术学院研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】H e wanted to look for occupation suited to his abilities.A、employmentB、psychologyC、speciesD、majority【正确答案】A【答案解析】occupation职业；employment职业；雇用。第2题【单选题】We canzt undertake that you will make a profit.A、requireB、promiseC、promoteD doubt【正确答案】B【答案解析】und

2、ertake承担，保证；promise允诺，许诺。第3题【单选题】me to give you some advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC、PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许可；允许。第4题【单选题】Facing growing costs and shrinking tax,the government is nowthreatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A、budgetB、collectionC、profitD、revenue【正确答案】D【答案解

3、析】revenue 收入，税收，尤指国家的岁入。根据题意，正确答案应为D。第5题【单选题】What do you think of the manager of your company?Oh,he ismanager who/s pleasant to work with.Its pleasure towork with him.A、the,aB、a,aC、a,theD、不填,a【正确答案】B【答案解析】前半句表示“他是那种很好共事的人，两空均用不定冠词。第6题【单选题】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of

4、certainelements of writing：a word,a phrase,an idea,a sound,or a grammaticalconstruction.We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternateheavy and light beats in music.Our love for rhythm seems to be innate:witness the responses of a small child to lively music.Children love tobeat on toy d

5、rums or empty boxes.They stamp their feet and chantnursery rhymes or nonsense syllables,not unlike primitive dancers.Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responses torhythm,but our love of rhythm remains.We live in rhythms;in fact weare governed by rhythms.According to the passage

6、,an adult/s reaction torhythm in music would probably be.A、uninhibitedB、indifferentC、restrainedD、responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responsesto rhythm.，。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第7题【单选题】We cant underta

7、ke that you will make a profit.A、requireB、promiseC、promoteD doubt【正确答案】B【答案解析】undertake承担，保证；promise允诺，许诺。第8题【单选题】This the last place where I expected to meet you.A、这是我最后一次见到你的地方。B、我希望在最不可能的地方见到你。C、我怎么也没有料到会在这个地方见到你。D、我期望最后会在此与你重逢。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本题考查“the last place的意译。第9题【单选题】H owever short the w

8、ork week becomes,work is still the most importantpart of life.We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisurebrings us;rather,we use leisure wisely so that work itself can becomeawarding and enjoyable.The feeling of success at doing one/s daily workwhether it is a job,maintaining a home,or g

9、oing to school dependslargely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and activeinterest.H ow does the author look at work and leisure?A、We work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.B、We enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with freshenergy.C、Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures th

10、at work can not.D、The success of work has little to do with how we spend our leisuretime.【正确答案】B【答案解析】从末尾句(The feeling of success at doing onesdaily work whether it is a job,maintaining a home,or goingto school depends largely on coming to it each day with freshenergy and active interest.)可以得出，B 项正确

11、。第10题【单选题】One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,largefamilies are helpful.H aving more children means having more workers inthe fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In anindustrial economy,the situation is different.Many children do not helpa family;instea

12、d,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization hasgenerally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,whichwas industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of thetwentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely agricultural country with ahigh birth rate.After World War0,Italys ec

13、onomy was rapidlymodernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth ratehad dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the worlds lowest.In atraditional agricultural economy,a large f a mi l y.A、can be an advantageB、may limit incomeC、isnt necessaryD、is expensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o对照本段In a trad

14、itional agriculturaleconomy,large families are helpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A,成为一个优势，答案是A。第 口 题【单选题】When and where to build the new factory yet.A、is not decidedB、are not decidedC、has not decidedD、have not decided【正确答案】A【答案解析】When and where to build the new factory 是主语,视作单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。同时这句话还要用被动语态，所以

15、答案是A。第12题【单选题】They plan to the run-down house in a year/s time.团A、reviveB、renovateC、replaceD、remove【正确答案】B【答案解析】句意：他们计划在一年时间内翻修这所旧房子。renovate意为“修复；整修一新；revive意为“使复兴，振兴；replace意为 放回，把 放回原处；remove意为 移开，挪开，拿走第13题【单选题】The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark,and thelabourer lived not i

16、n the sun,but in poverty and darkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活,劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下,而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选 A o 本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，country并不是“国家，而是指

17、 农村。第 14题【单选题】The government has called for an independent inquiry into theincident.A、requirementB、examinationC、analysisD、investigation【正确答案】D【答案解析】inquiry调查,质询。investigation调查。参考译文：政府要求对这一事件进行独立调查。第 15题【单选题】On a September day in 1991,two G ermans were climbing the mountainsbetween Austria and Italy

18、.H igh up on a mountain pass,they found thebody of a man lying on the ice.At that height。,499 feet,or 3,200meters）,the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especiallywarm year.The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so thebody had come to the surface.It was lying face downward.Thesk

19、eleton（骨架）was in perfect condition,except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.Thehands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feetthere were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair ofgloves made of tree bark（树皮）and

20、 a holder for arrows.What can beinferred from paragraph 2?A、The Iceman lived a poor life.B、The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C、The Iceman was struck dead from behind.D The Iceman was killed while working.【正确答案】B【答案解析】推理判断的答案不会偏离主题，但答案在文章中肯定没有。长选项可以作为答案的参考。第16题【单选题】Late one Sunday

21、 afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary end to a humble life,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gav

22、e$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout her life,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She had started her savings habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which

23、she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired theworld b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】only是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一

24、自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about this woman 说她有些特别的地方,接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A 和 B 表达都不全面，答案是Co第17题【单选题】Watching me pulling

25、the calf awkwardly to the barn,the Irish milkmaidfought hard to hold back her laughter.A、checkB、keepC、stopD、retain【正确答案】A【答案解析】hold back抑制，控制。check克 制,抑 制（做某事或表露感情）。参考译文：看见我笨手笨脚地把牛牵向牲口棚，那位爱尔兰挤奶女工竭尽全力克制自己不笑出声来。第18题【单选题】At twenty-two,he had first learned what it is to a Negro.A、他 22岁时，生平第一次尝到了对待黑人的滋味。

26、B、他 22岁时，生平第一次懂得了如何做一个黑人。C、他 22岁时，生平第一次知道了黑人意味着什么。D、他 22岁时，生平第一次知道是如何对待黑人的。【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题解题的关键是what it is to a Negro,表示的意思是：对待黑人的滋味。第19题【单选题】In times of economic crisis,Americans turn to their families for support.If the G reat Depression is any guide,we may see a drop in our skyhighdivorce rate.Bu

27、t this won/t necessarily represent an increase in happymarriages.In the long run,the Depression weakened American families,and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of theDepression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge joblosses.By 1932,when nearly one-quar

28、ter of the workforce wasunemployed,the divorce rate had declined by around 25%from 1929.But this doesnt mean people were suddenly happier with theirmarriages.Rather,with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs,unhappycouples often couldnt afford to divorce.They feared neither spousecould manage alone.I

29、n the G reat Depression many unhappy coupleschose to stick together b e c a u s e.A、starting a new family would be hardB、they wanted to better protect their kidsC、living separately would be too costlyD、they expected things would turn better【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。推理判断题。由题干中的和unhappycouples定位到文章第2 段最后两句。随着

30、收入下降和工作的不稳定，不幸福的家庭承担不起离婚的费用。他们担心任何一方都无法独自生活。由此可见，在大萧条时期，即使不幸福的家庭也会选择共同生活，因为离婚的费用和独自生活的成本太高了，故答案为C。第20题【单选题】An interesting of the city is the old market.A、triumphB、respectC、residenceD、feature【正确答案】D【答案解析】fe a tu re特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目。第21题【单选题】H e said he was late for school again and the teacherwould pu

31、nish him.A、that不填B、不填不填C、where thatD、不 填 that【正确答案】D【答案解析】如果两个宾语从句并列，第一句的宾语从句的引导词可以省略，但后一句的引导词th a t不可省略，故应选Do第22题【单选题】It is important that I with Mr.Williams immediately.A、speakB、spokeC、will speakD、to speak【正确答案】A【答案解析】It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气,从句用sb.should do的形式。第23题【单选题】I would class my gard

32、en as medium in size.A、单调的B、中等的C、温暖的D、使命【正确答案】B【答案解析】medium ad j.中间的,中等的；半生熟的。第24题【单选题】This statement is not consistent what you said at yesterdaysmeeting.A、asB、withC、inD、for【正确答案】B【答案解析】be consistent with:和 一致。be consistent in:在某方面前后一致。句意：这个说法与你昨天会上的发言不相符。答案选Bo第 25题阅读理解(1)The most common theory of

33、perception is na?ve realism in whichpeople believe that what they perceive is things in themselves.Childrendevelop this theory as a working hypothesis of how to deal with theworld.Many people who have not studied biology carry this theoryinto adult life and regard their perception to be the world it

34、self ratherthan a pattern that overlays the form of the world.Thomas Reid tookthis theory a step further.H e realized that sensation was composed of aset of data transfers but declared that these were in some waytransparent so that there is a direct connection between perception andthe world.This id

35、ea is called Direct Realism.Direct Realism has becomepopular in recent years with the rise of Postmodernism and Behaviorism.(2)Direct Realism does not clearly specify the nature of the bit of theworld that is an object in perception,especially in cases where theobject is something like a shadow.(2)T

36、he succession of datatransfers that are involved in perception suggests that somewhere in thebrain there is a final set of activity,called sense data.Perception wouldthen be some form of brain activity and somehow the brain would beable to perceive itself.This concept is known as indirect realism.In

37、Indirect Realism it is held that we can only be aware of external objectsby being aware of representations of objects.This idea was held by JohnLocke and Immanuel Kant.The common argument against indirectrealism is that it implies a homunculus where it appears as if the mind isseeing the mind in an

38、endless circle.This argument assumes thatperception is entirely due to data transfer and classical informationprocessing.（4）This assumption is highly contentious and the argumentcan be avoided by proposing that the percept is a phenomenon thatdoes not depend wholly upon the transfer and rearrangemen

39、t of data.（3）Direct realism and indirect realism are known as“realist“theories ofperception because they hold that there is a world external to the mind.Direct realism holds that the representation of an object is located nextto,or is even part of,the actual physical object whereas indirect realismh

40、olds that the representation of an object is brain activity.（5）Directrealism proposes some as yet unknown direct connection betweenexternal representations and the mind while indirect realism requiressome feature of modern physics to create a phenomenon that avoidsinfinite regress/【正确答案】许多没有学过生物学的人直

41、到成年阶段还相信这个理论，（0.5分）认为自己所认识的就是世界本身而不是罩在世界存在形式上面的一种模式。（1 分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】（1）句子整体上采用顺译法，局部采用包孕法（定语前置）。（2）who引导的定语从句采用包孕前置手法。短语carry this theory into adult life部分需要意译为“到成年之后还相信这一理论”。（3）名词perception理解为“认识，观念，看法。（4）动词overlay理解为“覆盖 的上面。that限制性定语采用前置包孕法。【正确答案】直接现实主义并不明确肯定世界的一个小的组成部分的本质，（1 分）而这个部分只是被感知的

42、对象，尤其是当这一物体仅仅像个影子的时候。（0.5分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整个基本采用顺译法。（2）动 词 specify理解为“具体指明，明确说明（to state it or describe itprecisely,so that it is clear which of several things you mean）o（3）that is an object in perception 作定语从句修饰 a bit,定语从句在这包含转折关系。（4）名词shadow在这转化为“影子，表象。【正确答案】认知过程中数据的连续转换表明，（1 分）大脑某处已经有一个叫做“

43、感觉材料的最终活动系统。（1 分）/（整句结构不通顺-0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整句基本采用顺译法。（2）that are involvedin perception定语从句采用前置方法。（3）名词succession ofdata transfer在汉语译文重新调整顺序，转化为“数据的连续转换”。（4）由于sense data是一个独立的成分，所以在一文中需要在“感觉材料上加上引号。【正确答案】这一假设极具争议性，（0.5分）而只要我们提出感知是一种并不完全依赖数据（材料）的转换和重新组合的现象，（0.5分）那么这一论点就不会被涉及。（0.5分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】本句较

44、难。（1）整句基本采用顺译法。（2）thisassumption照应上一个句子的内容。（3）在转化被动语态theargument can be avoided”时，由于by引导的状语太复杂，所以采用增加“我们，人们作主语，以增强译文的通顺性。（4）that引导的定语从句修饰phenomenon 一词，需要前置包孕以增强译文的逻辑性。正确答案】直接现实主义认为在外部表象和内心之间存在着某种尚不为人知的联系，（1 分）而非直接现实主义则要求现代物理学的某一特定功能来创造一种可以避免无限倒退的现象。（1 分）/（整句结构不通顺-0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整句采用顺译的方式，连词while引导的两个

45、分句之间存在对比关系。（2）as yet含否定意义，“迄今为止尚未。（3）feature 一词理解为“特定功能0（4）that avoidsindefinite regress需要前置包孕放置到 现象 前面。第26题【单选题】G ang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University,visualize the current bymeasuring subtle（细微的）changes in the magnetic field of an objectand.A、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computerB、

46、to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magneticfieldsC、as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraftto banknotesD converting the information into a color picture showing thedensity of current at each point【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。空格前的by在句中引导两个在句法结构上并列的分词短语：一个是measuring su

47、btle（细微的）changes in the magnetic field of an object；另一个就是converting the information into.,即：通过测量一个物体的磁场内的细微变化和把信息转化成显示每一点电流强度的彩色图片而使电流显现。第27题【单选题】If someone asked you,What color is the sky?l expect that you wouldanswer,Blue.I am afraid that you would be wrong.The sky has nocolor.When we see blue,we

48、are looking at blue sunlight.The sunlight isshining on little bits of dust in the air.We know that there is air allaround the world.We could not breathe without air.Airplanes could notfly without air.They need air to lift their wings.Airplanes cannot fly veryhigh because as they go higher the air ge

49、ts thinner.If we go far enoughaway from the earth,we find there is no air.When an airplane flies toohi g h,.A、the air will be too thin to support its wings.B、the air will become thicker.C、the air will exert pressure on itD、the air will disappear in no time【正确答案】A【答案解析】文章第二段第三句Airplanes cannot fly ve

50、ry highbecause as they go higher the air gets thinner.,因此对照答案为A o第28题【单选题】For their own safety,household pets should be confined to their ownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制，约束。参考课文：为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第29题【单选题】The tall,well-dressed gentleman standin