2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——主旨大意题.pdf

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1、2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练主旨大意题Cedar,a third-generation beekeeper from the countryside of New South Wales,Australia,says that he was inspired to try and design a simpler hive（蜂箱）after his brother wasstung（勤 during one of their honey-gathering tasks.The young guy knew that there must be a clever way to gathe

2、r honey without having to wearprotective suits,open the hive,and disturb the little bees.After several years,Cedar and his fatherStuart finally perfected their invention-the Flow.Hive,which can save beekeepers hours of worksimply by channeling all of its honey into a tap that can be turned on and of

3、f at will.Four years after their initial success,the Flow Hive has had a big influence on honeybeepopulations around the world.The father and his son say that they have successfully shipped over51,000 hives to 150 different countries.Since they introduced the hive in 2015,the number ofbeekeepers in

4、the U.S.alone has increased by over 10%.Their success is particularly significant since honeybee populations have been steadilydecreasing as a result of habitat loss.Thats why now Stuart and Cedar Anderson are donatingtheir hive earnings to international honeybee advocacy groups.Were proud to have d

5、onated 100%of profits from the sale of our Flow Pollinator（传粉昆虫）House to nine local pollinator projects in Australia and the U.S.that are at work protectingwild habitats all around the world,said the Andersons in a statement.Pollinators need largeareas of habitat to grow healthily-the more we can do

6、 to conserve native habitats,the moreopportunities these tiny environmental champions will have to do their important work.4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Honey on Tap”Beehive B.The Cost of Beeke印ingC.The Growth of a Beekeeper D.True Facts About HoneybeesIn order to help discover spoil

7、age（变质）and reduce food waste for supermarkets andconsumers,researchers have developed new low-cost,smart phone-linked,eco-friendly spoilagesensors for meat and fish packaging.One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date(保存期),but 60%(4.2 million tonnes)of the 12.5

8、 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safeto eat.The researchers,whose findings were published in ACS Sensors,say the sensors could alsoeventually replace the use-by date-a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make.Known asHpaper-based el

9、ectrical gassensors(PEGS)*,they detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasantsmell)in meat and fish products.The information provided by the electronic nose is received by asmart phone,and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College

10、London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors byprinting carbon electrodes(电极)onlo a special type of paper.The materials are eco-friendly andharmless,so they dont damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging.Thesensors,combined with a tiny electronic system,then inform nearb

11、y mobile devices,which identifyand understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder,of Imperials Department of Bioengineering,said,AlthoughtheyYe designed to keep us safe,use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.Theydont always reflect its actual freshness.In fact,p

12、eople often get sick from foodborne diseases dueto poor storage,even when an item is within its use-by date.These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within threeyears.Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.1The authors hope that PEG

13、S could have applications beyond food processing,like sensingchemicals in agriculture,air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved inkidney disease.4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A.The process of researching spoilage sensors.B.A new technology in pack

14、aging to reduce food waste.C.Use-by dates influence on supermarkets and consumers.D.The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.Driven by her passion for providing quality healthcare,a Latvian woman has won over thehearts of the elderly residing in the nursing home she oversees.It is

15、incredibly rare to find a Caucasian woman working as the director of a nursing home inShanghai.But the fact that Anastasija Puzankova can even converse in Liantang,a Chinese dialectspoken only by residents in a small town in southwestern Shanghai,makes her one of a kindUI had always wondered how the

16、 elderly were getting along with others,or if they were wellcared for.I realized that I could better serve them and understand their concerns if I spoke theirdialect.says the 35-year-old,who also speaks Russian,English,Latvian,French and Spanish.Puzankova chose to study Sinology（汉学）out of her curios

17、ity about China at the Universityof Latvia in 2003.The next year,she traveled to Shanghai as part of an exchange program andthen she spent the next 10 years studying law at Fudan University,graduating with a mastersdegree in 2014.Despite her qualifications,in 2018,Puzankova joined Haiyang Group,a Sh

18、anghai-basedcompany that operates the nursing home,as an executive assistant.During that period,sheperformed so well in her nursing and management training that she was appointed the director ofthe home after just one year.A caregiver,surnamed Cai,says the atmosphere at the home has changed since Pu

19、zankovatook charge,u She makes life in the nursing home uplifting and purposeful.says Cai.She throws monthly birthday parties for the elderly,creates a festive mood in the home forevery traditional festival and frequently organizes handicrafts classes and activities to stimulatethe minds of the resi

20、dents.1When family visits and group activities were delayed during the novel coronavirus outbreak,Puzankova came up with a similar idea at the home,purchasing vegetable seeds and growing themin the field near the nursing home so that the residents can observe the plants growing from theirwindows.Jus

21、t watching the plants grow can lift their spirits.We can also serve these organicvegetables to them.9,she explains.Puzankova says,nI simply like communicating with people,understanding theirpersonalities and offering help when they are in need.Making an elderly person happy,isnt hard.It just takes a

22、 little time,love and thought.4.The best title of the passage could be A.A foreign face with a local soulB.A language expert with a loving heartC.A nursing home with a woman directorD.An executive assistant with a master*s degreeIncreasingly,Americans are becoming their own doctors,by going online t

23、o diagnose theirsymptoms,order home health tests or medical devices,or even self-treat their illnesses with drugsfrom Internet pharmacies（药店）.Some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care,especially if they lack health insurance.Or they may stay away because they find it embarrassingto

24、 discuss their weight,smoking,alcohol consumption or couch potato habits.Patients may alsofear what they might learn about their health,or they distrust physicians because of negativeexperiences in the past.But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.Every day,more than six million Americas turn to

25、 the Internet for medical answersmostof them arent nearly skeptical enough of what they find.A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet&American life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what theyread on health websites.They shouldn*t look up headache,n and the chances of fi

26、nding reliableand complete information,free from a motivation for commercial gain,are only one in ten,reportsan April 2005 Brown Medical School study.Of the 169 websites the researchers rated,only 16 arescored as nhigh quality.Recent studies have found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders

27、,causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete,inaccurate and evendangerous information exists on the Internet.The problem is that most people dont know the safe way to surf the Web.H They use asearch engine like Google,get 18 trillion choices and start clicking.But thats risky

28、,becausealmost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative（权威的）,so its hard to know if whatyoure reading is reasonable or not,“says Dr.Sarah Bass from the National Cancer Institute.4.Which of the following is the authors main argument?A.Ifs cheap to self-treat your own illness.B.I ts embarras

29、sing to discuss your bad habits.C.Its reasonable to look up a medical website.D.Its dangerous to be your own doctor.PITTSBURGH-For most people,snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening.But HowieChoset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University pr

30、ofessor has spent years developing snake-likerobots that he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trappedafter natural disasters or other emergencies.Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends,a Northboro,Mass,-based company thatpublishes an online industry magazine

31、 and runs robotics trade shows.He said there are othersnake-like robots being developed,mainly at universities,but didnt know of one that could climbpipes.The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and canbe controlled with a joystick（操纵杆）.They move smoothly wi

32、th the help of small electric motors,or servos,commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.Built from lightweight materials,the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.They can sense which way is up,but are only as good as their human operators,Choset added.Sam Stover,a search team man

33、ager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency basedin Indiana,said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currentlyavailable,such as cameras attached to extendable poles.HIt just allows us to do something weve not been able to do before/*Stover said,Weneeded them yesterday

34、.”He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers,but that they can only beused effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.Stover,among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath（后果）of Hurricane Katrina,said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flood

35、ed houses in that disaster.Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years,depending onfunding.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Snake-like robots used in industries.B.Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.C.The development of snake-like robots.D.The working principl

36、es of snake-like robots.Luo Dengping has become famous as the only woman in a group of spider men who climbcliffs of up to 100 meters high,without ropes or safety equipment of any kind,for theentertainment of tourists in Chinas Guizhou Province.Men of the Miao people,in Southwest China,have been fre

37、e-climbing steep cliffs forcenturies.They originally developed this skill as part of a custom,to lift cofEns（棺材）of relativesup the cliffs and place them in small caves or just hang them on the cliffside,like the Tana Torajatribe,in Indonesia.The Miao spider men continued climbing the vertical cliffs

38、 of Ziyun,in order tocollect rare medicinal plants.Today,only a few members of the Miao people still practice thisancient tradition,and one of them is a woman.Traditionally,only Miao men were considered brave and skilled enough to becomespidermen,but Luo Dengping had no choice but to break social no

39、rms and take up the practice.Asthe daughter of a skilled spider man,and with no brothers to carry on her familys tradition,Luobegan climbing the cliffs near the village of Getu he when she was just 15 years old.In thebeginning,she felt scared and could barely move on the precarious cliffside,but as

40、time went by,she perfected her skills and,eventually,making her way up the giant rocks using nothing but herhands and feet became routine.In her late teens,Luo Dengping left the village and became a migrant worker at aconstruction site in Guangzhou.She returned in 2000,married a villager and had two

41、 children.Tosupport her husband,who drives freight trucks for a living,she occasionally climbed nearby cliffsin search of medicinal plants to sell.Then,in 2015,the local government decided to promote thekarst mountain as a tourist attraction,and started hiring spider men to practice their skills for

42、entertainment purposes.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Chinas Only*Spider Woman B.The Promotion of Ancient SkillsC.A Hobby MakesnSpider Woman D.Spider Men Becomes a Must-seeRed pandas are native to the high forests of Asia.They are only a little bigger than ahousecat and considered to be

43、 endangered.Scientists reported last month that not all red pandas belong to the same species.Therearetwo different species of this animal,not just one.The scientists reported finding major differencesin three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas.Scientistsidentified t

44、he markers after studying DNA from 65 of the creatures.DNA carries geneticinformation for the development,growth and reproduction of living things.Documenting theexistence of two separate species could help guide efforts for protecting red pandas.Chinese red pandas live in northern Myanmar,as well a

45、s southeastern Tibet,Sichuan,andYunnan provinces in China.Himalayan red pandas are native to Nepal,India,Bhutan andsouthern Tibet in China.Conservation biologists Yibo Hu and Fuwen Wei led the study.Theirfindings were published in the journal Science Advances.To conserve the genetic uniqueness of th

46、e two species,we should avoid their interbreedingin captivity,*Hu said.Interbreeding between species may harm the genetic adaptations alreadyestablished for their local habitat environment.1Scientists had earlier suggested there were two species of red panda.But the new study wasthe first to provide

47、 the genetic information necessary to permit such a judgment.Internationalexperts estimate a total population of around 10,000 red pandas in the wild.The two species differin coloration and skull shape.The Himalayan red panda is the rarer of the two.Major threats tored pandas include deforestation a

48、nd habitat loss.While they have similar names,red pandas and giant pandas are not closely related.Giantpandas are one of the worlds eight bear species.Red pandas are sometimes called living fossilsbecause they have no close living relatives.They are the only remaining member of theirmammalian family

49、.1 .What does the second paragraph mainly deal with?A.Not all red pandas belong to the same species.B.The major differences between the two species.C.The difficulty in finding out genetic difference.D.The significance for further research into pandas.The gender gap in maths-related subjects is obvio

50、us.In almost all countries,far fewerwomen than men choose STEM（理工科）careers.Its not that girls and women are bad at maths.In the UK in 2019,for example,39%of18-year-old girls who studied maths at A-level achieved an A or A*,compared to 42%of boys.For A-level physics,29%of girls achieved the top two g