2021年11月北京科技大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

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1、【考研英语】2021年月北京科技大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mindtheir manners.A、evaluateB、memorizeC、protectD、observe【正确答案】D【答案解析】comply with服从，遵从。observe遵守，奉行。参考译文：读者被要求遵守图书馆规章并注意各自的行为规范。第2题【单选题】Don/t you k n o w,my dear friend,it is you that she

2、 loves?A、whoB、whichC、thatD、what【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 此题应选C,that引导的是一个宾语从句（用做动词know的宾语），它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成：My dear friend,don/t you know that it is you that she loves?第3题【单选题】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and wonderful fam

3、ily,but realized his fatherwas very old,and thought perhaps he should go to him.He had not seenhim since that graduation day.Before he could make arrangements tosee his father,he received a telegram telling him his father had passedaway,and willed all of his possessions to his son.He needed to comeh

4、ome immediately and take care things.When he arrived at his fathershouse,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young manarrived home,he fel t.A、sadB、disappointedC、horribleD、nervous【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。年轻人回到家里，出现了两个关键词sadness和regret,可以判断年轻人的心情是非常伤心的。故选A。第4题【单选题】It was 5:00 in the aft

5、ernoon they arrived at the hotel.A、whenB、thatC、beforeD、since【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语。第5题【单选题】On the wall two large portraits.A、hangsB、hangC、hangedD、hanging【正确答案】B【答案解析】地点状语提前,谓语是be,hang,stand,sit,lie等动词的句子里,主谓要倒装。第6题【单选题】Cost was a key in our decision.A philosopherB innovationC、qualit

6、yD、element【正确答案】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第7题【单选题】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006/s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthyquirk:elite soccer players are likely to have been born in the earliermonths of the year than in the later

7、months.If you then examined theEuropean national youth teams that feed the World Cup andprofessional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be evenmore pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a)certain astrological signs confer superiorsoccer skills,

8、b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacitywhich increases soccer stamina,c)soccer mad parents are more likely toconceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania,d)none of the above.The word“mania”(Paragraph 2)most probably meansA funB、crazeC、hysteriaD、excitement【正确答案】

9、B【答案解析】答案选B o 词义理解题，考查考生利用上下文推测词义。文章第1 段介绍一个奇怪的现象，即高水平的足球运动员多半是一年中头几个月出生的。第 2 段试图解释这一现象，对这一现象做出种种猜测，即“某些星相赋予人们高超的足球技能，“冬天出生的婴儿氧气足，这会增加足球运动所需的耐力，足球迷的父母往往容易在春天孕育新生命等等。本段中的mania一词出现在第三种猜测中，句子的前半部分有soccer mad,意思是对足球痴迷、疯狂的，由此可以推断mania”一词与soccer mad接近,即 疯狂。因此正确答案是B。第8题【单选题】The garden has four gates in dif

10、ferent directions,so you may enter itand relax through of them in the daytime.Very convenient.A、noneB、eitherC、allD、any【正确答案】D【答案解析】三者或三者以上任何一个用any0第9题【单选题】Only when the war was over to his hometown.A、did the young soldier returnB、the young soldier returnedC、returned the young soldierD、the young sold

11、ier did return【正确答案】A【答案解析】only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语从句，所以后接的主句要倒装。这句话的意思是：直到战争结束后，这个年轻的战士才得以返回故乡。第10题【单选题】It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I hadintended to pay to Germany in January.A、令我深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。B、令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对德国预定的访问。C、我原计划一月份

12、访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。D、我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题主要考查英语评价句的翻译。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的后面。第11题【单选题】the day went on the weather get worse.A、WithB、SinceC、WhatD、As【正确答案】D【答案解析】as引导从句表示“随着 ，句意：随着时间的过去，气候变得更糟。第12题【单选题】The viol

13、ence within a society is controlled through institutions oflaw.The more developed a legal system becomes,the more society takesresponsibility for the discovery,control,and punishment of violent acts.In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence isrevenge.Each family group m

14、ay have the responsibility for personallycarrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committedthe offense.But in legal systems,the responsibility for revenge becomesdepersonalized and diffused.The society assumes the responsibility forprotecting individuals from violence.In cases where

15、they cannot beprotected,the society is responsible for imposing punishment.In a statecontrolled legal system,individuals are removed from the cycle ofrevenge motivated by acts of violence,and the state assumesresponsibility for their protection.What does the author mean bysaying”in legal systems,the

16、 responsibility for revenge becomesdepersonalized and diffused?A、Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B、Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personalbasis.C、Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D、Punishment is not carried out dir

17、ectly by the individuals involved.【正确答案】D【答案解析】解题时要注意题干中这句话开头的“but 一 词,既然该句是由but引导的转折，则上文往往是理解该题的关键。在上面一句中，作者提到在部落社会中，对犯罪者的审判和惩罚往往由家族进行，接下来话锋一转，说在法律系统中，这种报复的责任已经非个人化了、分散了，也就是说,不是由所涉及的个人来进行了，故D正确。第13题【单选题】Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largestorganization for applied technology

18、,and has 59 institutes employing12,000 people.It continues to grow.Last year,it swallowed up theHeindch Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asi a.The Fraunhofer Society isthe largest organization for applied technology inA、Asia.B、USA.

19、C、Europe.D、Africa.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段第一句话提供了答案：the FraunhoferSociety is now Europes largest organization for appliedtechnology.o第14题【单选题】They will get the preparation done early in May.A、他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作。B、他们五月初就能准备好工作。C、他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完。D、他们五月初就能把准备工作做完。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初的意思，选

20、项 A“让别人准备完这种表达是不准确的;此外get the preparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完”,选 项 B 的表达不是很准确。第15题【单选题】This animal is to be found only in the Southern Hemisphere.A、解释B、半球C、历史学家D、引用【正确答案】B【答案解析】hemisphere n.半球。第16题【单选题】The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark,and thelabourer lived not in the sun,but i

21、n poverty and darkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，“country并不是“国家 ，而是指 农村第17题【单选题】The dr

22、unken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowlsin all directions before he was sent by his wife.A、flying;to sleepB、flying;sleepingC、to fly;to sleepingD、to fly;to sleep【正确答案】A【答案解析】send sb./sth.doing意为 使 快速移动;sendsb.to sleep意为 使某人入睡，其中t o 为介词,sleep为名词。第18题【单选题】Central heating became popula

23、r only after the Civil War.Typically,coalburning furnaces（火炉）fueled the early systems.Natural gas haddeveloped into the leading fuel by 1960.Its acceptance resulted in partfrom its wide uses.Because it comes primarily from U.S.and Canadianfields,natural gas is also less vulnerable（脆弱的）than oil is to

24、 War.Oilremains the most important fuel in a few areas,such as NewEngland.Natural gas didnt become the leading fuel unt i l.A、1978B、1960C、1997D、2000【正确答案】B【答案解析】该题问的是：天然气到什么时候才变成主要的燃料?段中的第三句话是这么说的：天然气到1960年已经变成了主要的燃料。因此B 是正确的答案。第19题【单选题】Water is absent in this area.A、ampleB、assiduousC、affluentD defi

25、cient【正确答案】D【答案解析】absent缺少的；deficient不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的。第20题【单选题】Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man.Needless to say,we triedto make him change his mind.A、in shortB、in secretC、in vainD、in danger【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题的四个选项都是以in开头的介词短语，因此考查的是词组的辨析、理解与运用。in vain“白白地，徒劳。根据题意，正确答案应为C。第21题【单选题】Not until the

26、early years of the 19th century what heat is.A、man did knowB man knowC、didnt man knowD、did man know【正确答案】D【答案解析】看到Not until 的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C,D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not knowwhat heat is until the early years of the 19th.现在将 not 提前,后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。第22题【单选题】When it comes to translating basic rese

27、arch into industrial success,fewnations can match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nations vast industrialbase has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertisefrom science.And though German prosperity（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the global economic decline,it stillhas

28、 an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.What factor can beattributed to German prosperity?A、Technology transfer.B、Good management.C、Hard work.D、Fierce competition.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段第一句说在把基本研究成果成功的应用到工业领域方面，几乎没有哪个国家能和德国相提并论。还可以结合第一段最后一句话理解可知答案选A,德国的繁荣主要是把科学技术应用到了工业领域。第23题【单选题】We talked of our

29、plans to wed and start a family,once we were settled inLos Angeles,and we listened to the rain.A、我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，外头还下着雨。B、一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，还听着外头的雨声。C、我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，组织家庭。我们一面议论，一面听着外头的雨声。D、一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，建立家庭。我们一面议论着，而且一面听着外头的雨声。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o本题考查句子中并列动词的翻译。to

30、 wed and start a family,once we were settled in Los Angeles是p la n的同位语，而句子的主干是两个并列的动词，Wetalked of our plans and we listened to the rain.汉语中与之相对的是“一面，一面 。第24题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】nothing but表示 只”的意思。第2

31、5题【单选题】People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to killhis wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his oldhouse and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.His estranged wifeheard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed toescape.Seven months a

32、fter the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan hadkilled the nanny.lt is thought that Lucan killed the nanny b e c a u s e.A、she was looking after the childrenB、she was a friend of LucansC、it was dark and he thought she was Lady LucanD、Loa rd Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o

33、因果关系题。对 照 本 段 Peoplesuspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted tokill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan enteredhis old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.本来是要杀他的妻子，可是因为天太黑，所以错杀了保姆。第26题【单选题】Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts to usebotan

34、ical fuel as a source of power.A、have madeB、having madeC、are being madeD、will be making【正确答案】C【答案解析】考查动词时态和语态辨析。make attempts to dosth.是固定短语，所 以 attempts与 m ake是被动关系，所有只有C符合。第27题【单选题】No longer.The Internet and pressure from funding agencies,who arequestioning why commercial publishers are making mon

35、ey fromgovernment-funded research by restricting access to it-is making accessto scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operationand Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing thefar-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton ofVictoria University in A

36、ustralia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makesheavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.Which of the following is trueof the OECD report?A、It criticizes governmen

37、t-funded research.B、It introduces an effective means of publication.C、It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D、It benefits scientific research considerably.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o事实细节题。本段显示：大多数期刊都已开始通过互联网出版，O ECD的研究报告表明，新出版模式将给科学研究带来变化，并将产生深远的影响。“makeheavy reading的含义是 读来让人感到心情沉重，即依靠传统期刊出版模式盈利的机构会感受到

38、巨大压力。因此选项C是正确答案。选项A在原文中并没有提及；选项B中的问题出在“介绍一种有效的出版模式的表述上，OECD的研究报告只是对出版新模式的将来进行客观评估与预测，并没有说它目前已经产生了效果；D的问题在于，报告本身并不能“给科研带来了相当大的好处。第28题【单选题】The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil.A、从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。B、土样从不同深度取出以后检验，寻找含油的迹象。C、土样从不同深度取出以后进行检验，看是否有含油。D、确定是否含油，从不同深

39、度取出土样以后便进行检验。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为增词或减词。原文涉及介词短语for traces of oil。译文中加了动词，译作“看是否有含油的迹象第29题【单选题】You consider that you cant find your place in your own country,so yourisk the comfortable but modest life with your parents and you goabroad.Maybe there will be moments when you cant stand thelonelin

40、ess anymore,the strangers around you,or your job.But youremember nobody made you take that decision,so you take a deepbreath,and you go on,as you are the only one to be blamed.When youare lonely in a foreign country,you s houl d.A、change your decisionB、blame your parents for itC、stick to your decisi

41、on and go onD、make more friends【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o根据文章本段中But you remembernobody made you take that decision,so you take a deep breath,and you go on.可知答案。作者认为你出国后可能会面临各种困难，面对周围的陌生人、工作，你可能会感到孤独，但是仔细想想这个决定是你自己做的，于是你不得不深呼吸，然后继续。第30题【单选题】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderl

42、y cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary end to a humble life,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout

43、 her life,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She had started her savings habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired

44、theworld b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】only是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about t

45、his woman 说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A 和 B 表达都不全面，答案是Co第31题【单选题】On the afternoon of that eventful day,I stood on the porch,dumb,expectan

46、t.A、那是一个多事的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。B、在那个多变故的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。C、在那个有重要意义的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里。D、那是一个有事的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 本题考查的知识点为理解原意。一个词往往有许多意思，在不同的场合意思不同。eventful在这里应译作“有重要意义的；dumb在这里不是强调她不能说话，而是说她没有说什么，所以译作 一声不响；expectant在汉语里很难找到相应的形容词，所以译作“怀着期待的心情 ，用作状语。第32题【单选题】We h

47、ave great differences today.What brings us together is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great diffe

48、rences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧”的意思；interests在本句中不是表示 兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第33题【单选题】For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World TradeOrganization has brought this home.A、对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。B、对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。C、对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份让我们认识了这一点。D、对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成

49、员身份使我们如鱼得水。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o本题考查has brought this home的意译。第34题【单选题】I was halfway back to the hospital where the doctor was workingSusan caught up with me.A、whenB、whileC、untilD、though【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查状语从句辨析。本句考查时间状语从句，while后接延续性动词，而catch up with为瞬间动词，所以排除 whileo第35题【单选题】They were,by and large,a very w

50、ealthy,privileged elite.A、元素B、住所C、精英D、裁定【正确答案】C【答案解析】elite n.精英；精华；中坚分子。第36题【单选题】If you keep on,youll succeed wish you success in theexaminations.A、in timeB、at one timeC、for the same timeD、sometimes【正确答案】A【答案解析】in time意为sooner or later即 早晚,终究。in tim e另一个意思是及时。第37题【单选题】Be qui c k!.A、The bus comes her