自考00832英语词汇学押题及答案含解析.pdf

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1、3目录目录简介.1Chapter 1 词与词汇的基本概念.2Chapter 2 英语词汇的发展.5Chapter 3 构词法一（Word Formation）.8Chapter 4 构词法二（Word Formation）.11Chapter 5 词义(Word Meaning).15Chapter 6 语义关系与语义场.19Chapter 7 词义的变化（Changes in Word Meaning）.22Chapter 8 词义与语境（Meaning and Context）.27Chapter 9 英语习语（English Idioms）.30Chapter 10 英文词典（Engli

2、sh Dictionaries）.3411简介简介一、一、单选单选题题1.English lexicology is chiefly concerned with the basic（）of words in general and of English words in particular.A.structuresB.relationsC.theoriesD.equivalents二、二、填空填空题题2.From a _ point of view,words can be studied at a point in time,disregarding whatever changes m

3、ight betaking place.答案&解析1.【考点】【考点】动词英语词汇学的性质与领域（动词英语词汇学的性质与领域（The Nature and Domain of English Lexicology）答案：C解析：本题得分的关键在于掌握词汇学的性质及内容。structures:结构，relations:关系，theories:理论，equivalents：对应词。英语词汇学是一门以理论为导向的课程。它主要涉及一般词汇的基本理论，特别是英语词汇的基本理论。故选 C。2.【考点】【考点】学习方法（学习方法（Methods of Study）答案：synchronic题干译文：从什么角

4、度，可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇?一般来说，词汇研究有两种方法：共时研究法（synchronic）和历时研究法（diachronic）。从共时（synchronic）的角度来看，可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇。From a synchronic point of view,wordscan be studied at a point in time,disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.答案为 synchronic。【延伸知识点】【延伸知识点】3.Semantic is th

5、e study of（）of different linguistic levels:lexis,syntax,utterance,discourse,etc.A.relationsB.originsC.formsD.meanings延伸知识点答案&解析3.【考点考点】词汇学与其他科目的相关性（词汇学与其他科目的相关性（Its Relation to Other Disciplines答案：D解析：本题主要考查语义学定义。relations:关系，origins:来源，forms:形式，meanings:语义。语义是对不同的语言层面意义的研究，包括：词汇、句法、话语、语篇等。故本题选 D。2C

6、hapter 1 词与词汇的基本概念词与词汇的基本概念一、单选题一、单选题4.A word is a（）free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A.simpleB.writtenC.minimalD.complex5.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaning?（）A.There is intrinsic rel

7、ationship between sound and meaningB.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds6.The differences between sound and form are

8、 the following EXCEPT（）.A.the fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishB.stabilization of spelling by printingC.influence of the works of scribesD.innovations made by linguists7.The term vocabulary is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that（）A.it can refer to the

9、common core of a languageB.it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC.it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD.it can stand for words in given dialect or field8.In the sentence“I like to see a movie.”,there are（）functional words.A.2B.3C.4D.59.Which of the

10、 following is true about the basic word stock of English?（）A.The basic word stock has undergone almost no changes.B.Words of the basic word stock are mostly polysyllabic words.C.Words of the basic word stock constitute a large percentage of the English vocabulary.D.The basic word stock has five char

11、acteristics,of which the most important is all national character.二二、填空题、填空题10.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given _ and meaning and syntactic function.11.Aword is a _that stands for something else in the world,and there is no logicalrelationship between the sound and the me

12、aning.3三三、名词解释名词解释12.Define the following term：vocabulary13.Define the following terms in English.translation-loan四四、简答题简答题14.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.State the four classes of the loan-words according to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing

13、.答案&解析4.【考点】【考点】词是什么（词是什么（What Is a Word）答案：C解析：本题考查词的含义。词是一种语言的最小自由形式，具有特定的声音、意义和句法功能。minimal：最小的。故选 C。5.【考点】音与意（【考点】音与意（Sound and Meaning）答案：A解析：本题考查音与意的关系。声音和意义的关系：(1).声音和意义之间具有任意性。（This symbolicconnection is almost always arbitrary.）(2).声音与意义之间的关系是约定俗成的。（The relationship betweenthem is conventio

14、nal.）(3).在不同的语言中，相同的概念可以用不同的声音来表示。（In different languages thesame concept can be represented by different sounds.）所以只有 A 没有正确描述音与意的关系。故选 A。6.【考点】音与形（【考点】音与形（Sound and Form）答案：D解析：本题考查词的声音和形式之间产生差异的原因。(1).the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,more phonemes than letters in English（音位数量多于字母数

15、量）(2).the pronunciation has changed more rapidlythan spelling over the years（发音比拼写变化更快）(3).some of the differences were created by the early scribes;printing helped to freeze the spelling of words（早期的抄写员造成的，印刷术使得拼写变得稳定）(4).theborrowing is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary（外来词）

16、。而 D 选项所说的“语言学家的创新”不属于这四个原因。故选 D。47.【考点】词汇（【考点】词汇（Vocabulary）答案：A解析：词汇的含义包括：1.一种语言里所有单词的集合。（Total number of the words in a language.）2.特殊历史时期使用的单词。（Words used in a particular historical period.）3.某种方言，书籍，学科的词汇，甚至可以指某个人的词汇量。（All the words of a dialect,a book,a discipline and the words possessed by an

17、 individualperson.）故选 A。8.【考点】实词与功能词（【考点】实词与功能词（Content Words and Functional Words）答案：A解析：本题考查实词和功能词。功能词本身不具有实义，因此又称为虚词。功能词（虚词）有介词、连词、助动词和冠词。题干意思：在句子“I like to see a movie.中有几个功能词?I 是代词（代词属于实词）；like 是动词（动词属于实词）；to 是介词（介词属于虚词）；see 是动词（动词属于实词）；a 是冠词（冠词属于虚词）；movie 是名词（名词属于实词）所以本题只有 to、a 两个功能词。故选 A。9.【考

18、点】基本词汇与非基本词汇（【考点】基本词汇与非基本词汇（Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary）答案：D解析：本题考查基本词汇的特征。The basic word stock has five characteristics,of which the most important is allnational character.句意：基本词汇有五个特征，其中最重要的是全民性。基本词汇的五个基本特征是全民性(All-National character)、相对稳定性(Stability)、能产性(Productivity)、多义性(Polysemy)和

19、搭配性(Collocability)。其中最重要的是全民性，因为它是讲这门语言的人所必不可少的。故选 D。10.【考点】词是什么（【考点】词是什么（What Is a Word）答案：sound解析：本题考查词的含义。词是一种语言的最小自由形式，具有特定的声音、意义和句法功能。sound:声音。11.【考点】音与意（【考点】音与意（Sound and Meaning）答案：symbol解析：本题考查词的含义用来表示世界上别的事物的符号，声音与意义之间的联系是任意的。空白处缺 symbol:符号。512.【考点】词汇（【考点】词汇（Vocabulary）答案：Vocabulary can not

20、 only refer to the total number of the words in a language,but also can stand for all thewords used in a particular historical period.解析：本题考查词汇的含义。一门语言中所有的词的集合，就构成了这门语言的词汇。“词汇”一词通常用于不同的含义。它不仅可以指一种语言的词汇量，而且可以代表一个特定历史时期使用的所有词汇，如古英语词汇、中古英语词汇和现代英语词汇。我们也用它来指代某一特定方言、某本书、某一学科的所有单词以及某个人所拥有的词汇量。13.【考点】本族词与外来

21、词【考点】本族词与外来词(Native Words and Borrowed Words)答案：Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language butmodelled on the patterns taken from another language.解析：本题考查翻译借词的含义。翻译借词是从英语中的现有材料中取材构成，但是模仿其他语言的构成方式。比如：“long time no see”模仿了汉语中的“好久不见”。14.【考点】本族词

22、与外来词【考点】本族词与外来词(Native Words and Borrowed Words)答案：Denizens、aliens、translation-loans、semantic-loans.解析：从外国带来的词被认为是“外来词”或者“借词。(1).同化词是指早期从其他语言中借来现今已被英语同化了的词。换言之，他们已经符合英语的发音和拼写习惯。例如：port（港口）来源于 portus（拉丁语）(2).非同化词是仍保留原来发音和拼写形式的词。例如：decor（舞台装置，法语）(3).译借词是利用母语现有的词语，但在构词模式上模仿了外语而构成的词。例如：long time no see

23、译自汉语的“好久没见”(4).借义词只借义，不借型。也就是说利用现有词的形式赋予其新的外来语含义。例如：dream，原义是“高兴”、“音乐”，而现义才是“梦”，借自古挪威语。Chapter 2 英语词汇的发展英语词汇的发展一、一、单选题单选题15.The five Romance languages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,Romanian all belong to the Italicthrough an intermediate language called（）.A.LatinB.GreekC.RussianD.Spanish1

24、6.After the Romans,the Germanic tribes called Angles,Saxons,and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as（）English.A.OldB.NewC.MiddleD.Modern17.Pick out the word that is of French origin from the following.（）A.Arena.B.Mutton.C.Life.D.Symphony.618.In the

25、early Modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics.This isknown in history as（）.A.Industrialization B.Elizabethan AgeC.RenaissanceD.VictorianAge19.There are such new words as open heart surgery,and space shuttle in Modern English.These words show（）.A.the invas

26、ion of foreign countriesB.social,economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modern science and technology20.Of the following,the word （）can be grouped together with arena,species and alibi as the loan words fromLatin.A.muttonB.statusC.pian

27、oD.model二、填空题二、填空题21.The _ language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe,the Near East,and India.22.After the Romans,the Germanic tribes called Angles,Saxons,and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as_English.三、名词解释三、名词解释题题23.Define th

28、e following terms.semantic change24.Define the following term：creation四四、简答题简答题25.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?答案&解析15.【考点】印欧语系（【考点】印欧语系（The Indo-European Language Family）答案：A7解析：本题考查

29、印欧语系。罗曼语族的五种语言：葡萄牙语，西班牙语，法语，意大利语和罗马尼亚语都通过拉丁语这一中间语言转变为了意大利语族。故选 A。16.【考点】古英语（【考点】古英语（Old English(450-1150)答案：A解析：本题考查古英语。继罗马人之后，被称为盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人的日耳曼部落来到了不列颠群岛并统治着这里。现在人们通常把盎格鲁-撒克逊语称为古英语（Old English）。故选 A。17.【考点】中世纪英语（【考点】中世纪英语（Middle English(1150-1500）答案：B解析：arena（竞技场）来自于拉丁语；life（生活）来自于斯堪的纳维亚语；sympho

30、ny（交响乐）来自于意大利语。而 mutton（羊肉）是来自于法语的。故本题选 B。18.【考点】现代英语（【考点】现代英语（Modern English（1500-up to now)答案：C解析：本题考查文艺复兴的含义在早期现代英语阶段，欧洲掀起了学习希腊、罗马古典著作的运动，这场运动史称文艺复兴（Renaissance），答案是 C，建议考生熟记。19.【考点】第三节【考点】第三节 当代英语词汇的发展（当代英语词汇的发展（Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary）答案：D解析：本题考查当代英语词汇发展的。（1）现代科学技术的快速发展，如心内直视手术

31、（open heart surgery）、航天飞机（space shuttle）；（2）社会、经济和政治变革，如快餐、第四世界；（3）其他文化和语言的影响，如毛式服装（中山装）。20.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词汇发展趋势词汇发展趋势(Modes of Vocabulary Development)答案：B解析：本题考查词汇的发展趋势以及单词的种类和起源。status（地位）,minimum（最小值）,arena（竞技场）,species（物种）,alibi（辩解）均来自于 Latin 拉丁语。故 B 选项符合题意。21.【考点】第一节【考点】第一节 印欧语系（印欧语系（The Indo-

32、European Language Family）答案：Indo-European解析：本题考查印欧语系。The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe,theNear East,and India.印欧语系由欧洲、近东和印度的大多数语言构成。故答案为 Indo-European。822.【考点】古英语（【考点】古英语（Old English(450-1150)答案：Old解析：本题考查古英语。After the Romans,the Germanic tribes called A

33、ngles,Saxons,and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles.Nowpeople generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English.继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、萨克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛，这些岛后来改称英格兰。现在人们一般把盎格鲁萨克逊语称为古英语。故空格处写 Old。23.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词汇发展趋势词汇发展趋势(Modes of Vocabulary Development)答案：Semantic change means an old form which t

34、akes on a new meaning to meet the new need.This does notincrease the number of word forms but create many more new usages of the words,thus enriching the vocabulary.解析：本题考查现代英语词汇的发展主要通过三个渠道。旧词新义是指赋予旧词新的含义以满足新的需要。这一方式不增加词的数量，但却创造了词的许多新用法，用以丰富词汇。24.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词汇发展趋势词汇发展趋势(Modes of Vocabulary Devel

35、opment)答案：Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and otherelements.解析：造词是指利用已有的材料，即词根、词缀等构成新词的过程。25.【考点】古英语（【考点】古英语（Old English(450-1150)答案：The three periods are Old English(450-1150)；Middle English（1150-1500）；and Modern English（1500-upto n

36、ow）.解析：这三个时期分别是：古英语（450-1150）、中世纪英语（1150-1500）和现代英语（1500-至今）。Chapter 3 构词法一（构词法一（Word Formation）一、一、单选单选题题26.Structurally,many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units,such as recollection,which canbe broken down into（）.A.re-,co-,llect,-ion B.re-,col-,lect-,-ionC.re-,collec-,-tionD.

37、re-,collect,-ion27.The morphemes which are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word are known as（）.A.monomorphesB.allomorphsC.rootsD.stems28.Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes?（）A.menB.teethC.workerD.anger929.Of the following,the word （）has a d

38、erivational affix.A.machinesB.childrensC.happierD.northward30.The word“idealistic”comprises（）morpheme(s).A.1B.2C.3D.431.Which of the following words is NOT a stem？（）A.internationalB.nationC.nationalD.internationalists二二、填空题填空题32.The morphemes which are realized by more than one morph according to th

39、eir position in a word are known as_.33.Free morphemes are_ of other morphemes.They have complete meanings in themselves and can beused as free grammatical units in sentences.三三、名词解释名词解释题题34.Define the following terms.free morphemes35.Define the following terms.bound morphemes36.Define the following

40、 terms with one or two sentences.stem四四、简答题简答题37.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s)in the word internationalist.答案&解析26.【考点】第一节【考点】第一节 词素（词素（Morphemes）答案：D解析：本题考查词素。从结构上来讲，许多词可以被拆分为更小的有意义的单位。在语言学中，语言的最10小意义单位通

41、常被称为词素。三个词素的意义分别为：re-“再，又”，collect 收集,-ion“名词后缀”。故 D 选项符合题意。27.【考点】第二节【考点】第二节 词素变体（词素变体（Allomorphs）答案：B解析：本题考查词素变体的含义。monomorphes：单语素；allomorphs：词素变体；roots：词根；stems：词干。有些词素根据它们在词中的位置不同可以由一个以上的不同形素实现，这些不同的形素叫做词素变体。故 B 选项符合题意。28.【考点】自由词素（【考点】自由词素（Free Morphemes）答案：D解析：本题考查自由词素。Free Morphemes：They have

42、 complete meanings in themselves and can be used as freegrammatical units in sentences.本身有完整意思，可以自由独立使用。这样的词有：man,earth,wind,car,anger等。29.【考点】粘附词素（【考点】粘附词素（Bound Morphemes）答案：D解析：derivational affix：派生词缀。派生词缀是指加在其他词素上创造新词的词缀。派生词缀还可以分为前缀和后缀。north北方；northward朝北的；其中-ward 向；向着为后缀。故 D 选项符合题意。30.【考点】粘附词素（

43、【考点】粘附词素（Bound Morphemes）答案：C解析：本题考查词素的概念及运用。最小的意义单位叫做“词素”。换句话说，词素是“词语中最小的功能单位”。idealistic 有三个词素，ideal,-ist,and ic.所以本题选 C。31.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词根与词干（词根与词干（Root and Stem）答案：D解析：本题考查词干（stem)和词根（root)。可从词干的定义入手。词根词根是一个词的基本形式，这个形式若再分解下去就不再是这个词了。nation 这个词就是词根，因为继续将nation 这个词分解，就会失去“nation”的意思。词干词干可以定义为一种形

44、式，任何词缀都可以添加到这种形式上。nation 这个词是词干，因为其他词缀还可以添加到“nation”上。所以 nation 既是词根又是词干。而 national，international，internationalist 都是词干。但是 D 选项是 internationlists 加了s”是一个复数形式，故 D 选项不是词干，所以本题选 D。32.【考点】第二节【考点】第二节 词素变体（词素变体（Allomorphs）答案：allomorphs解析：The morphemes which are realized by more than one morph according to

45、 their position in a word are knownas allomorphs.有些词素根据它们在词中的位置不同可由一个以上的不同形素实现，这些不同的形素叫词素11变体。33.【考点】自由词素（【考点】自由词素（Free Morphemes）答案：independent解析：本题考查自由语素。自由语素是独立(independent)于其他语素的。它们本身具有完整的意义，可以作为句子中的自由语法单位使用。34.【考点】自由词素（【考点】自由词素（Free Morphemes）答案：Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselv

46、es and can be used as free grammatical units insentences.They are identical with new words.解析：自由词素本身具有完整的意义，可以作为句子中的自由语法单位。它们与新词相同。35.【考点】粘附词素（【考点】粘附词素（Bound Morphemes）答案：Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound.They are so named because they are bound toother morphemes to form words

47、.解析：本题考查粘附词素。粘附词素不能（cannot）作为单独单词（separate word）出现的语素被绑定。它们之所以如此命名，是因为它们与其他语素结合构成单词（form words）。36.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词根与词干（词根与词干（Root and Stem）答案：A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.解析：本题考查词干。词干可以定义为任何词缀都可以添加的一个形式。37.【考点】第四节【考点】第四节 词根与词干（词根与词干（Root and Stem）答案：A st

48、em can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.nation,national,international,internationalist are all stems.解析：词干可以定义为可以添加任何词缀的形式。“nation（国家）,national（国家的）,international（国际的）,internationalist（国际主义者）”都是词干。Chapter 4 构词法二（构词法二（Word Formation）一、一、单选单选题题38.The prefixes a-,in-,and n

49、on-can be classified into（）prefixes.A.negativeB.reversativeC.pejorativeD.number39.The following suffixes come at the end of noun stems to form abstract nouns EXCEPT（）.A.-domB.-ageC.-shipD.-eer40.He bad-mouthed me.This example shows that compounds are different from free phrases in（）features.12A.phon

50、eticB.semanticC.grammaticalD.lexical41.Nouns like help,cheat are converted from verbs of the same form,indicating（）.A.state of mindB.event or activityC.result of the actionD.doer of the action42.Of the following words,（）is the result from blending.A.bikeB.dormC.motelD.crybaby43.Examination has given