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1、考点27 阅读理解主旨大意之文章大意（核心考点精讲精练）1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布考点题型文章大意阅读理解2023 试卷类型设问考点【2023年1月浙江卷】27What is the text mainly about?文章大意20222022年全国甲卷阅读C31. What is the text mainly about?文章大意20212021年3月天津卷C篇56What is the passage mainly about?文章大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?文章大意2. 命题规律

2、及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中文章大意的考查共计4次，主要考查：根据文章全文，概括文章大意。概括文章大意的方法：1.利用主题句；2.没有主题句，总结文章大意；3.关注作者的写作意图和目的，也是概括文章大意的一个重要信息。【备考策略】系统归类文章大意的总结方法，尤其是主题句、同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】2024年阅读理解对文章大意的考查仍然是重点。【2024年高考命题预测】文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有它的中心思想。预测在2024高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之文章大意考点

3、指南】规律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。1.【2023年1月浙江卷】BLive with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifest

4、yle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a fe

5、w things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how

6、cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste

7、continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of

8、 the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others commen

9、t on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.27What is the text mainly about?AHow to get on well with o

10、ther family members.BHow to have ones own personal space at home.CHow to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.DHow to control the budget when buying groceries.【答案】27C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。27主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, no

11、t everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这

12、个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。2. B【2020全国新课标II】Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathem

13、atics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the am

14、ount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with p

15、uzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.

16、Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active d

17、uring puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24227What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologistDA teaching program.【答案】27B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。27主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究

18、，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。3.C【2020全国新课标III】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mot

19、her-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a fron

20、t door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his

21、mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the

22、 number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is

23、 said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.

24、In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.31831. What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK

25、.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活

26、方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。1.【2023届甘肃省高三第三次高考诊断】Just 11 minutes of moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic (有氧的) activity per day could lower your risk of cancer, cardiovascular (心血管的) disease or premature death, a large new study has found.Aerobic activities include walking, dancing, running, jogging, cycling

27、and swimming. You can calculate the intensity level of an activity by your heart rate and how hard you re breathing as you move. Generally, being able to talk but not sing during an activity would make it moderate (中等的) intensity. Vigorous intensity is marked by the inability to carry on a conversat

28、ion.Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with lower rates of premature death and chronic disease, according to past research. But how the risk levels for these outcomes are affected by the amount of exercise someone gets has been more difficult to determine. To explore this impact

29、, scientists largely from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom looked at data from 196 studies, amounting to more than 30 million adult participants who were followed for 10 years on average.The study mainly focused on participants who had done the minimum recommended amount of 150 minu

30、tes of exercise per week, or 22 minutes per day. Compared with inactive participants, adults who had done 150 minutes of moderate- to-vigorous aerobic physical activity per week had a 31% lower risk of dying from any cause, a 29% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 15% lower risk o

31、f dying from cancer.Furthermore, the study states even people who got just half the minimum recommended amount of physical activity benefited. Accumulating 75 minutes of moderate -intensity activity per weekabout 11 minutes of activity per daywas associated with a 23% lower risk of early death. Gett

32、ing active for 75 minutes on a weekly basis was also enough to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by 17% and cancer by 7%.The findings confirm the World Health Organizations position that doing some physical activity is better than doing none, even if you dont get the recommended a

33、mounts of exercise.15What message does the author seem to convey in the text?AHigher levels of physical activity benefit people.BA little exercise is better than none.CPhysical activities must be aerobic and enough.DThe full recommended amount of exercise matters more.【答案】 15B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研

34、究新发现：每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运动对身体健康也会有积极的影响。所以，即使你没有达到建议的运动量，做一些体育活动也比不做要好。15推理判断题。根据第一段“Just 11 minutes of moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic(有氧的)activity per day could lower your risk of cancer, cardiovascular (心血管的) disease or premature death, a large new study has found. (一项大型新研究发现，每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运

35、动，就能降低患癌症、心血管疾病或过早死亡的风险。)”可知，本文介绍了一个新研究结果：每天仅11分钟的中度或高强度的有氧运动能减少患癌症、心血管病或早死的风险性。结合文章最后一段“The findings confirm the World Health Organizations position that doing some physical activity is better than doing none, even if you dont get the recommended amounts of exercise. (研究结果证实了世界卫生组织的立场，即：即使你没有达到建议的运

36、动量，做一些体育活动也比不做要好。)”可知，此项研究结果旨在强调：尽管11分钟不是推荐的最小训练量，但是锻炼比不锻炼强。故选B项。2.D【江西省八校高三第一次联考】Whether its the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that

37、 you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is

38、normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we havent been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships.“Were not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of Gosh,I hope this works out, but well do that with a romantic partner f

39、or sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if theyre going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”And because we dont view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happ

40、ens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?”But that isnt the case.Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes arent meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newt

41、on has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy.“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of ou

42、r social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they dont work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says.12What is the text mainly about?AHow to regain a friendship that has ended.BThe loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.CWhy friends

43、hip breaks up over the course of our lives.DMany relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.【答案】12B【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。12主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether its the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships tha

44、t have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这

45、篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。3.D【陕西省渭南市高三教学质量检测一模】The earliest tomatoes were little sour berries. They grew among low bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes Mountains in South America. It was about 350 million years ago.Tomato plants are relative to nightshade (茄属植物), which has poison. The leave

46、s and stems of tomato plants have poison , but the berries are good to eat. The berries are red so that animals can find them easily and eat them. The animals carry the seeds to other places. That was how earliest tomato plants found new places to grow. Tomatoes are also relative to tobacco, chili p

47、eppers and potatoes.When people first came to South America about 20,000 years ago, they ate these tiny wild tomatoes. Travelers brought a few kinds of wild tomato plants from the Andes to Central America, there the ancestors of the Maya began to farm them. Nobody knows exactly when people began far

48、ming tomatoes, but it probably was much later than corn and beans, and it was surely before 500 BCThese Central American fanners bred tomatoes to be bigger and sweeter than the wild ones.By the time Spanish explorers got to Tenochtitlan in Mexico in 1521 AD, the Aztec people ere eating a lot of tomatoes, made a sauce of chopped (剁碎的)tomatoes, onions, salt and chili peppers that was a lot like our salsa. The word “tomato” comes from their Nahuatl word “tomato”.Because tomatoes werent farmed until pretty late, farmers further north had not yet been abl