高三英语总复习专题42.名词性从句考点运用（教师版）---2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）.docx

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1、 名词性从句考点运用目标导航在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句)I dont know what you want to say.(宾语从句)The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句)The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句) 引导名词性从句的关联词：从属连词 that

2、, because疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what,whether,if疑问副词 when, where ,why,how,缩合连接词whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however, whenever,wherever关联短语 as if ,as though注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名

3、词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如： The problem is what he has done to the little boy. We all dont know when he will come.一、明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.连接代词what, who(m)，whoever, which, whose等的用法；2.连接副词when, where, why和how等的用法；3.连接词that, whether和if的用法。1.连接词that与连接副词的混用；2.连接词that与连接代词的混用；3.连接词that的缺失；4.连接代

4、词what, which, who等之间的混用；5.连接代词与连接副词的混用。1.Itbe名词/形容词/动词的过去分词that从句2.It looks/seems as if .“好像；仿佛”3.This is because .“这是因为(强调原因)”4.The reason why .is that .“的原因是”5.That is why .“那就是的原因(强调结果)”6.The question/problem is whether/when/where .“问题是”7.His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that .“他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是”

5、8.What从句bethat从句1. 主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who,which,whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。例如： That he stole a bike was true. What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet bee

6、n announced. Whether he can pass the exam depends on whether he study hard or not.Whatever you do is none of my business.Whoever comes to our library will be welcome.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and

7、 why he was murdered are still unknown. 主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + 主语从句。例如：It is a fact that he has gone abroad. It is a pity that you missed the sports meeting last week.（2）It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句。例如：It is obvious that he told a lie.It

8、is certain that he will win the game.（3）It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句。例如：It is said that she will come to the party tomorrow.It has not been announced when the plane are to take off. （4）It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句。例如：It happened that the meeting was canceled that day.It occurred to me that I had forgotten to bring my

9、 wallet.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should) +do，常用的句型是：It is necessary/important/natural/strange/essential, etc.) that 例如：Its necessary that you should study hard.It is strange that he should say that.It is essential that a college student should master at least a foreign language.2.

10、 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

11、 He has told me (that) he will leave Wuhan and that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在insist,suggest, advise,decide, demand, desire,require, request,order, command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用 虚拟语气，即should+ 动词原形。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander orde

12、red that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。例如： The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. The boy insisted that he had not stolen the money.2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whet

13、her连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。例如： I dont care about whether you have money or not. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. He seldom loses his temper except that you make a fool of him.3).

14、宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。 例如：I know that he studies English every day. I know that he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year.We all know that he has studied English since 1998. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时

15、，过去将来时等。 例如：We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 例如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.4).当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词no

16、t从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如： We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. 注意：doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。例如：I doubt whether he will come tomorrow.There is no doubt that he will

17、come tomorrow.I am sure that he will win the game.I am not sure whether he will win the game.3. 表语从句在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 。 例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our p

18、roblem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.注意：当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 4. 同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用

19、于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which也可以引导同位语从句。例如：The news that he won the first place was true.It is a question how he did it.The problem whether

20、we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.I have no idea when she will be back. The question who should do the work requires consideration. 同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：The suggestion came from th

21、e chairman that the new rule should be adopted.Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）Thefactthathehasdiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分

22、，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）Theproblemthatwerefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定语从句)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyishard tosolve.（同位语从句）The

23、questionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）Thequestionwhether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位语从句）（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：The idea that we can ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位语从句）Theideaisthatwecanasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesun

24、isknowntoall.（同位语从句）Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.1.We now realize _ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre raising children.2.Members leave books on

25、park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops._ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.3.The journey was intended to achieve more than _Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.4.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely dust.5.Scientist

26、s are still not exactly sure _genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.6.It is often the case_anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.7.You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.8.I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.9.We must find o

27、ut _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.10.The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.11.A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not_ships are built for.12.Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.1how【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词

28、。根据后面的how important可以看出此处也是填how。2whoever【解析】考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并记录下他们是在哪儿发现的书。3what【解析】考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做had done的宾语，故用what。4that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选D 5how【解析】句意：科学家仍然不确定基因是如何影响人的年龄的，但是他们相信会影响。用how最为贴切。6that【解析】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的

29、人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义，故要用that引导。7where【解析】句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。8that【解析】句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。9when【解析】句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so we can book a room for him可知这里指时间，故用when引导。10why【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻

30、止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为why。11what【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isnt后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中for的宾语。12when【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。二、攻重点难点(一)引导名词性从句的连接代词(如what)，连接副词(如when)，连接词(that, if, whether)的用法

31、和区别解答名词性从句中连接词的选用题目时，可采用“句子翻译法”，即看空缺处在句中是什么意思，充当什么成分。若在从句中不作成分只起引导作用，用that；若表达“是否”意义，用if/whether；若充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，用连接代词；若充当状语，则用连接副词。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。I have no idea when he will come back ho

32、me.我不知道他什么时候回到家。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。(二)连接代词who/whom, what, which与whoever/whomever, whatever, whichever的用法和区别在这两类连接词中，前面三个连接词在引导名词性从句时依然带有疑问的语气和含义，分别表示“谁”“什么”和“哪一个”。后面三个连接词则表示“无论”的含义，并带有具体的针对性，不带疑问的语气和含义。The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是

33、我们找谁去替代她。Whoever did it should be punished.无论是谁干的都应当受到惩罚。(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用一般来说，在某些特定动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist)；“两个命令”(order, command)；“三个建议”(suggest, advise, recommend)；“四个要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一个敦促”(urge)。I insist that she (should) do her work al

34、one.我坚持她应当单独做她的工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。(四)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句的作用相当于名词，用来解释说明前面名词(短语)的内容，常见的名词(通常是抽象名词)有idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, proposal, truth, news, possibility等；定语从句的作用相当于形容词，充当定语用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。The news that our fo

35、otball team won the match was true.(同位语从句)我们足球队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。The news (that) we heard on the radio was true.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的那则消息是真的。三、练高频题点.语法填空题点全练1Im not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2This is my father has taught me to always face diff

36、iculties and hope for the best.3The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.4Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is we often do not know when they are coming.5Success partially depends on you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.6From space, the earth

37、 looks blue. This is about 71% of its surface is covered by water.7Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you may be to victory.8The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.9Finally, keep in mi

38、nd there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.10Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and thats I dont agree.【答案】1.who 2.what 3.whoever 4.that 5.whether 6.because 7.how 8.that 9.that 10.where .完成句子并改写1大家的确都知道的是穷人都喜欢她，

39、因为她总是帮助那些需要钱的人。All that they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped those who was in need of money.What_they_did_know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名词性从句改写)2她今天早晨来晚了，因为她不得不照顾她生病的女儿。She came here late t

40、his morning, because_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter.The_reason_why she came here late this morning was_that_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter. (用名词性从句改写)3我姐姐的梦想是拥有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜欢的蛋糕。My sisters dream is to have_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite _cakes.My sisters dream

41、 is_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her _favourite _cakes.(用名词性从句改写)4看到这个女孩，我很吃惊。I was surprised to see the girl.What_surprised_me was to see the girl. (改为主语从句)I saw the girl, which_surprised_me. (改为定语从句)5众所周知，2020年奥运在东京举行。As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the 2020 Olympic Games

42、took place in Tokyo.(用定语从句翻译)What_is_known_to_us_all_is_that the 2020 Olympic Games took place in Tokyo.(用主语从句改写)It_is_known_to_us_all_that the 2020 Olympic Games took place in Tokyo.(用it作形式主语改写)【答案】1.What they did know，whoever was in need of money2.because she had to look after ，The reason why，was

43、that she had to look after3.have her own shop in which she can make her favourite cakes， is that she has her own shop in which she can make her favourite cakes.4.What surprised me，which surprised me.5.As is known to us all/As we all know, ，What is known to us all is that，It is known to us all that随堂

44、练习一It was a hot summer day 1 found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The 2 (close)I got to Sam & Joes Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air

45、 3 instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of pure 4 (happy). I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.There I sat, considering my next move.Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it.I chose five candy bars, 5 brought my total to 25

46、cents.I hurried 6 (direct)to my backyard, 7 an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk, I read my books and ate my candy.As I sat in my own 8 (person)heaven,I started to think about having more. Thats 9 a fantastic life-changing idea popped into my head: 10 I could get more money, I could buy anything I wanted. Thats how it all started. 【答案】1.that2.closer3.that/which4.