专题11 动名词、现在分词的用法-高一英语语法透析与专练（译林版2020）.docx

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1、专题11 动名词、现在分词的用法-牛津译林版（2020）英语高一语法透析与专练考察方向：1. 动名词2. 现在分词一、 动名词的形式及用法doing: 表示主动、 进行。作状语时, 表示与谓语动词同时发生,但有时也表示一个动作一完成, 另一动作马上进行。doing在句中主要用作定语和状语。being done: 表示被动、 进行。在句中主要用作定语和介词宾语。having done: 表示主动、完成。在句中通常用作各种状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。having been done: 表示被动, 完成。在句中通常用作状语, 表示比谓语动词先发生。1）否定式：not + 动名词【例题精讲】例.I

2、regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。2）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词【例题精讲】例1.He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。例2.His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。二、动名词的句法功能1）主语：【例题精讲】例1.Reading aloud is very helpful. 大声朗读是很有好处的。例2.Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短

3、语作主语时，常用it作形式主语It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time 等名词)+doing sth. 【例题精讲】例1.It is no use crying.哭没有用。例2.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。例3.It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 例4.It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 It is + useless (nice, good, interest

4、ing, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. 【例题精讲】例1.It is useless speaking.光说没用。 例2.It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又见到了你。 例3.It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 例4.It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。动名词短语用于there be 句型中There is no use (good, point, sense, harm)+doing sth. 【例题精讲】例. There is no

5、use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 2）表语：【例题精讲】例.In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）宾语：下列动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：consider, advise/suggest, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagin

6、e, risk, cant help, mind, allow, escape【例题精讲】例1.They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。例2.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。形式宾语it 动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it【例题精讲】例.We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。4）定语：【例题精讲】例1.He cant walk without a walking-s

7、tick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。例2.Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？动名词doing也可作定语, 但它表示被修饰名词的用途或性质。a walking sticka dressing rooma reading rooman operating tablea meeting rooma swimming pool a washing machinebuilding materialwriting paper【语法专练】1.In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for a

8、nother hour.A. waiting B. to waiting C. wait D. to be waiting2.Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. resting C. to rest D. rest4.Remember _ the lig

9、hts when you leave the office.A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off5.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 【答案】 ADCAA三、不定式与动名词高考考点1）下列动词既可用不定式，又可用动名词作宾语，但意义上仅有具体与抽象之分，许多情况下可互换：like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start,

10、 continue 【例题精讲】例1.After a short break she started to work/working hard.例2.He continued to live/living with his parents after his marriage.2）下列动词既可用不定式，又可用动名词做宾语，但意义上有明显的差别：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on等 regret to do 对将要做的事表遗憾或抱歉 regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔try to do 想法设法努力做 try doing

11、试一试试着做mean to do 打算想要做 mean doing 意思是，意味着3）动词want, need, require 特殊句型 need doing sth. + want + require to be done 【例题精讲】例1.Your handwriting needs improving. (=to be improved)例2.What you said wants proving. (=to be proved) 例3.These books are required reading.(=to be read)这里deserve也是同样的用法（deserve doin

12、g/to be done）4）动词allow, permit, forbid, advise 用法 doing sth allow/permit/forbid/advise sb to do sth【例题精讲】例1.His parents wont allow him to stay out too late.例2.We dont allow smoking in the hall.5）worth /worthy 区别 doing to be donebe worth 名词 be worthy being done of +名词 6）“to”+ doing 作宾语结构 （ “to”作为介词 ）

13、 object to, be used to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, pay attention to, see to 【例题精讲】例1.I dont like_ bills but when I do get them. I like_ them promptly. A. to get; paying B. getting; to pay C. to get; to pay D. getting; paying例2.In international matches, prestige is so important that the on

14、ly thing that matters is to avoid_.A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten例3.He resented_ to wait. He expected the minister_him at once.A. to be asked; to see B. being asked; to see C. to be asked; seeing D. being asked; seeing【答案】BBB【语法专练】1.He prefers_.A. to write his letter

15、s rather than dictating themB. to write his letters rather than dictate themC. writing his letters rather than dictate themD. writing his letters rather than have dictated them2.I never regretted_ the offer for it was not where my interest lay.A. not to accept B. not having accepted C. having not ac

16、cepted D. not accepting【答案】BD7）动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现或暗含在句中【例题精讲】例1.We have many difficulties to overcome.例2.He is not easy (for anyone) to persuade.例3.With so many trees to plant, he got up at 5 oclock the next morning.注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式例4.Ill go to New York. Have you anything

17、 to be taken to your wife there?例5.I have no letter to be typed. Thank you all the same.sth. / sb. + adj. + to do 结构形容词为：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, good, nice, pleasant, comfortable, fit, dangerous, interesting, important等。【例题精讲】例1.The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.例2.The problem i

18、s difficult to work out.注意：上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动表被动例3.I found him easy to get along with.例4.They dont think the game interesting to play.to let, to blame, to seek等不定式，多以主动式表被动意义【例题精讲】例1.The house is to let. 这房子要出租。例2.Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?例3.The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。注意：这

19、里高考中be to blame for 受责备，考察的比较多。【例题精讲】例1.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on例2.He was nowhere _.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen例3.She had no money _ a birthday present for their children.A. to buy B. to be bought C. bo

20、ught D. buying【答案】BBA【语法专练】1. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations.A. using B. to use C. having used D. used2.I got to the office earlier that day, _ the 7:30 train from Paddington.A. caught B. to have caughtC. to catch D. having caught3. They might just ha

21、ve a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave4.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ . A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 5.The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the gro

22、und. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 【答案】DDBBA 四、现在分词doing的用法1）、现在分词doing 作定语：表示被修饰的名词的动作。a suffering farmera sleeping studenta swimming boythe laughing audiencea dancing girla flying kite 1)The weeping girl is a nurse at the hospital.2)The girl weeping at the gate is a nurse

23、 at the hospital.3)The jeep being repaired at the garage will be given to Newton High School. 2）、现在分词作表语：表示“使/令人的”1)The news from the front is exciting. 2)The result of the exam is disappointing.3)Dont you think the soldiers stories are moving? 以下动词除scare, delight, trouble,stress (使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪)外均可加上i

24、ng，用作表语, 表示“使/令人的”。surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify, alarm(使害怕/惊恐), touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦), disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意), encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust, interest, satisfy, excite, relax, disgust(使反感), worry, frustrate(使沮丧), disappoint, e

25、mbarrass, confuse, puzzle, thrill, depress, convince3） 、现在分词作时间状语1)Working in the countryside, they learned a lot from the farmers.2)Arriving at a strange-looking house, she showed me into a large, bright clean room.3)Having waited in the queue for half an hour ,the old man suddenly realized he had

26、left the check in the car. 4)Having been shown around the Summer Palace, we were then taken to see the Great Wall.4）、现在分词作原因状语1)Seeing that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little toy on her bed.2)Not realizing that he was in great danger, Jim walked deeper into the forest.3)Bei

27、ng a student, you should obey all the rules of the school.4)Being ill, her grandmother didnt walk her dog this morning.5)Having caught the 7:30 train from Boston, I got to the office early that day.6)Nothavingcompletedtheproject,theyhavetostaythereforanotherfiveweeks.7)Having been given the right ch

28、ange, she left the shop in a hurry.5）、现在分词作结果状语1)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel fromone place to another. 2)A small plane crashed five miles east of the city, killing all four people aboard.3)It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding

29、 in several provinces.4)He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.6）、现在分词作目的状语1)The man has come to the city, looking for his lost wife.2)The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point【以上两句的doing短语可改为 to do短语，但to do 前一般不加逗号。】7）、现在分词作伴随状语1)The girl walked out o

30、f the hospital, singing and dancing.2)“Wecantgooutinthisweather,”saidWilliam,lookingoutofthewindow.3)The boys are standing/sitting (by the windows) playing games.4)Do you wake up every morning, feeling energetic and ready to start a new day?5)Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning

31、 team let out loud shouts of victory.8）、现在分词作条件状语1)Working harder, you will make greater progress. = Work harder, and you will make greater progress. = If you work harder, you will make greater progress. 2)Weather permitting, the ship will leave the harbor for Taiwan.9） 、现在分词作让步状语1)Living on the two

32、 rivers, we still lack clean water because of the heavy pollution2)Having said that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. 10）、现在分词作方式状语1)The prisoner escaped from the island (by) taking a boat.2)The cowboy came to the river riding a horse.3)She had a photo taken standing on eith

33、er side of the border.11）、现在分词作宾语补足语以下动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to, find, discover, have, get, keep, send, set, catch, leave, like , stop, prevent, 均可以接宾语后再接doing作宾语补足语。see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find等动词接宾语后还可以being done短语作宾语补足语。catch sb doing: 撞

34、见/碰上/发现/看见某人在做什么leave/get/have/keep/send/set sb doing: 使某人做什么1)Just now I saw a woman sliding on a banana skin.2)As we drew closer, I could see a girl being attacked by a pack of boys.3)When I caught the shopkeeper cheating me, I stopped buying things in his shop. 12）、特定的动词ing形式放在句首supposing/suppose

35、/assuming/providing/provided (that)：假如; 假定 allowing for: 考虑到taking into consideration = considering (that): 考虑到seeing (that): 由于; 因为; 鉴于 talking/speaking of: 谈到judging by/from: 根据判断/判定generally/strictly/honestly/frankly/broadly/roughly/exactly/personally/practically speaking: 一般地/严格地/老实地/坦率地/泛泛地/大致地/准确地/就个人来/实际地说1)Supposing/Providing (that) she cant come to the lecture tomorrow , what shall we do?2)Considering he was a disabled student, we didnt let him do such hard work. 3)Generally speaking, Tom is a good student. 4)Judging by his accent, the stranger must be from Scotland.9