专题04动词和动词短语：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）.docx

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1、优点英语五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题04 动词和动词短语 （解析版）2023年高考真题 1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.答案：wished。解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form

2、 that has been passed down through the ages can still 70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.答案：be employed。解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。3.（2023全国乙卷）.Having visited several times over

3、the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.答案：was amazed。解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗

4、产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。4.（2023全国乙卷）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photogra

5、phing Beijing for the next 50 years.答案：means。解析：考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。5.（2023全国乙卷）The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just

6、 perfect.答案：choose改为chose。解析：考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。6.（2023全国乙卷）She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying.答案：saying改为said。解析：考查动词时态。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方

7、式状语从句，由语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。7.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of thes

8、e high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).答案：were permitted; featured。解析：考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去

9、事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。2022年高考真题1. (2022天津卷) If we continue to_ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.A. highlightB. identifyC. ignoreD. prevent答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore

10、忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。2. (2022天津卷) Food and medical supplies_ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A. distributeB. distributedC. are distributedD. were distributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主

11、语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。3. (2022天津卷) Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, _ teenagers to make better decisions.A. prepareB. preparesC. is preparingD. are preparing【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出

12、更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。2021年高考真题1（2021天津卷） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had _ flour, so I went out to buy some.A. made up for B. run out ofC. kept away fromD. got down to答案：

13、B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。2（2021天津卷） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurants regular customers have_ the same for nearly 40 years.A. stayedB. turnedC. grownD. got答案：A解析：考查系动

14、词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurants regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。3（2021天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to _ from social life, seeking a harmonious relat

15、ionship with nature in the quietness of his life.AjudgeBdifferCwithdrawDbenefit答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利大卫梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与

16、自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。4.（2022全国甲卷）Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.答案：删除turn后的out。解析：句意：一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help，意为“向某人求助”，所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn后的out。2020年高考真题1（2020江苏卷）There will

17、still be lots of challenges if we are to _ garbage in a short time.A. clarifyB. justifyC. satisfyD. classify答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。2（2020江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _ a new gener

18、ation of virtual reality.A. allowing forB. accounting forC. calling forD. compensating for答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使成为可能，促进的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现

19、实成为可能。故选A。3（2020天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother _ him.Adrank a toast toBplayed a joke onCkept an eye onDmade an apology to答案：C解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为干杯；B. played a joke on开的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向道

20、歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。4（2020天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she _, saying that she felt like walking.AunderstoodBacceptedCcompromised Ddeclined答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying

21、that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。5（2020天津卷）We cant _ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesnt work.Atake upBcarry outCkeep onDput off答案：D解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we hav

22、e doesnt work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。6（2020全国III卷）In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.答案：surely改成sure。解析：make sure确保，该短语是固定短语，所以surely改成sure。2019年高考真题1（2019江苏卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans

23、 intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。2（2019天津卷）Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. ma

24、ke outD. keep off答案：C解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。3（2018天津）It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀

25、舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。4（2018天津）At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up答案：A解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. ga

26、ve in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。5（2018江苏）DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_ a clear road map and timetable.A. callsfor B. callson C. callsoff D. callsup答案：A解析：考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：

27、发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。6（2018江苏）Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_ thethingsthey see.A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investiga

28、te调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。7（2017天津卷）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in答案：A解析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。8（2017江苏卷）A quick review of successes and failures at t

29、he end of year will help _ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen答案：A解析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定的形成，影响的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。9（2017 江苏）Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。优点英语