高考英语背重点选择性必修第四册.docx

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1、选|择|性|必|修|第四册UNIT 1SCIENCE FICTION主题语境 文学提分背案1背熟单词练重点课前默写1.integrity n.诚实正直;完整;完好2.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除4.fetch vt. (去)拿来;(去)请来5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏vt.&vi.确定速度;调整节奏6.weekly adj.每周的n.周刊7.bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利8.backwards adv.向后;倒着;往回9.dignity n.庄重;庄严;尊严10.labour n.劳

2、动(者);体力劳动vi.奋斗;努力工作11.handkerchief n.手帕;纸巾12.maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量;最大限度13.blurred adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的14.saleswoman n.女售货员;女推销员15.chairwoman n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长16.niece n.侄女;外甥女17.salary n.薪水;薪金18.panel n.控制板;仪表盘;专家咨询组19.venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)20.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的21.fare n.车费;船费;飞机票价22.nail n.指甲;趾甲;钉子vt. (用

3、钉子)钉牢;固定1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任appoint v.任命;委任;安排,确定(时间、地点)appointed adj.约定的2.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布declaration n.公告;宣告;宣言3.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐urgency n.紧迫;急迫;急事;紧要urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的;催促的;急切的4.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测calculation n.计算;估计;预测calculator n.计算器5.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)divide v. (使)分开,

4、分散,分割divided adj.被分割的;分裂的;有分歧的6.explode vi.&vt.爆炸;爆破explosion n.爆炸;爆破explosive adj.易爆炸的;爆炸式的;爆发的7.mud n.泥;泥浆muddy adj.多泥的;泥泞的8.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的guilt n.内疚;悔恨;犯罪;罪行guiltily adv.有罪地9.fiction n.小说;虚构的事fictional adj.虚构的;编造的;小说(中)的10.suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓suspension n.暂停;终止;暂令停职11.random adj.随机的;不可思议

5、的randomly adv.随机地;任意地单词速记法词缀记忆法:前缀over表示“过度;在之上”词根记忆法:词根ward(s)的单词网backward(s) adv.向后;倒着;往回forward adv.向前upward adj.向上的adv.向上toward(s) prep.向;对westward(s) adj.向西的adv.向西eastward(s) adj.向东的adv.向东statement陈述overstatement n.夸大;夸张weight重量overweight adj.超重的look看overlook vt.俯瞰;忽视load装载overload vt.超载value重视

6、overvalue vt.过于重视work工作overwork vi.&n.过度工作use使用overuse vt.&n.过度使用eat吃overeat vi.吃得过量练重点课前默写declare vt. 表明;宣称公布背重点背写作佳句declare sb./sth. to be .宣布某人或某事是declare for/against .赞成/反对declare war (on .) (向)宣战declare . open/closed宣布开始/结束declare that宣告;宣称The instant the ceremony was declared open, all the stu

7、dents in our school burst into cheers.仪式一宣布开始,我校全体学生就欢呼起来。(2020天津卷发言稿)In an unpleasant voice, I declared,“I don􀆳t think it is fair to hand in all my earnings.”我用不愉快的声音说道:“我认为把我赚的钱全都上交不公平。”(2021浙江卷读后续写)pace n. 速度步伐节奏vt.& vi. 确定速度调整节奏背重点背写作佳句1)at a(n) . pace以的速度/步子at one􀆳s own pace按某

8、人自己的进度pace of life生活节奏keep pace with sb./sth.与某人/某物并驾齐驱/步调一致2)pace up and down来回踱步Study at your own pace and never lose heart, and you will make progress in time.按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你一定会取得进步的。(建议信)She paced up and down in her anxiety, and then wandered down to the gate and back.她焦虑地来回踱步,然后溜达到大门口又回来。(读后续写

9、动作描写)urge n. 强烈的欲望;冲动vt. 催促;力劝大力推荐背重点背写作佳句1)the urge to do sth.做某事的渴望have an urge to do sth.很渴望做某事2)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge that .(should) do sth.极力主张做某事It is urged that .(should) do sth.坚决要求做某事It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic

10、.坚决要求我们学生经常锻炼以保持身体健康和精力充沛。(倡议书)I was embarrassed, but I fought back the sudden urge to run off the stage.我感到很尴尬,我突然很想跑下台,但我忍住了。(读后续写情感描写)提分背案2背熟短语和句式学生用书P1581.get caught up被卷入,卷入到2.conflict with 与冲突或抵触3.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手4.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是5.test out 检验;测试6.have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的

11、欲望做某事7.push through 推开,强行通过8.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失9.experiment with 用做实验10.turn around 转身11.pros and cons事物的利与弊;支持与反对12.superior to 比更好;更胜一筹13.more like 更像是;更接近14.or rather 更确切地说15.on a . basis 根据;以的方式(基准)16.beside the point 离题的,不相关的短语take over 占上风;取而代之接管;接手背重点背写作佳句take apart拆开take away拿走;带走;减去;使停止tak

12、e back退回;收回take down取下;记下;拆除take in吸收;理解;欺骗;收留take off脱下;起飞;休假;开始成功take on呈现;雇用;承担take up学着做;开始从事;占用;接受;继续take to (doing) sth.开始/喜欢(做)某事Even though my studies take up most of my day, I always help my mother with the housework.即使学习占用了我一天中的大部分时间,我还总是帮助妈妈做家务。(短文)My parents urged me to be patient and ne

13、ver let negative thoughts take over.我的父母敦促我要有耐心,永远不要让消极的想法占据上风。(读后续写主旨升华)I took down everything he mentioned and poured more effort to the project.我记下他提到的事项,更加投入到课题中。(2022浙江卷读后续写)短语turn out 关掉;熄灭在场生产使朝外结果是背重点背写作佳句turn out sb. /sth.培养某人/生产/制造某物turn out for .出席参加turn out (+to be)+adj. /n.结果/原来It turns

14、/turned out that .结果;原来as it turns/turned out最后;后来发现It may be a difficult time, but eventually things will turn out all right.这也许是段困难时期,但最终一切都会好起来。(建议信)As it turned out, David participated to the best of his ability in the race.最后,大卫尽最大努力参加了比赛。(2022新高考卷读后续写)It turns out that helping others realize t

15、heir dreams gives me more pleasure.事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。(读后续写主旨升华)短语get caught up 被卷入,卷入到背重点背写作佳句be/get caught up in被卷入;陷入be caught in遭遇catch up (with)赶上;追上catch up on了解;得到的消息catch on流行;了解;理解catch fire着火catch one􀆳s eye引起某人的注意catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人在做某事I was so caught up in the party fever

16、 that I hardly noticed five hours fly by!我沉浸在聚会的狂热中,几乎没有注意到五个小时飞快地过去了。Cooking together relaxed us and we had a lot of fun to catch up on.一起做饭使我们放松下来,我们有很多趣事要叙叙旧。To my astonishment, my video soon caught on and I became a web celebrity.令我吃惊的是,我的视频火了,我也成了网红。(2021浙江卷读后续写)句式全部倒装句As she turned around, the

17、re stood Gladys Claffern.她转过身来,格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那里。背重点背写作佳句1)out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, there, then等表示方位或时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。2)当作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词提到系动词前面时,句子要全部倒装,构成“介词短语/形容词/分词+系动词+主语”结构。3)主语是人称代词时,句子的主谓不倒装。From the valley came the beautiful song.从山谷中传来美妙的歌声。Then came the moment

18、 when David crossed the finish line to the thunderous applause and cheers from the crowd.当大卫冲过终点线时,人群中响起雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。(2022新高考卷读后续写场景描写)Lying on the bed was my labmate, weak and worried.我的课题搭档躺在床上,既虚弱又忧心忡忡。(2022浙江卷读后续写)提分背案3练背读后续写满分素材学生用书P160动作描写之“(smile)笑” (一)smile n.a big/broad/wide/bright smile灿烂的微笑

19、; a satisfied/warm/gentle smile满意的/热情的/和蔼的微笑; cast a smile at sb.向某人一笑; force/manage/squeeze a smile强装笑颜; flash a smile露出微笑; beam with smiles笑逐颜开; a smile spread across/flash across one􀆳s face脸上露出微笑; a smile broaden/light up one􀆳s face露出灿烂的笑容/露出喜色smile v.smile sweetly/broadly/widel

20、y嫣然一笑/咧嘴一笑; smile a wide/small smile咧嘴一笑/微微一笑; smiling face笑脸1.按要求用表“笑”的表达补全以下各句,并背诵詹妮嘴角挂着微笑,跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画。With a smile on her lips, Jenny rushed to her moms room to show off her new painting. (介词短语)她妈妈停下来转过脸朝她微笑。Her mother stopped to turn a smiling face to her. (分词作定语)美丽的画让她妈妈激动不已,她的脸上露出灿烂的笑容。Her mo

21、ther was thrilled at the beautiful painting, and a smile brightened her face. (并列句)她声音里带着笑说:“詹妮,你画得真好,我相信你会成为一个著名的画家。我真为你骄傲。”She said with a smile in her voice, Jenny, you paint really well. Im sure you will be a famous painter one day. Im so proud of you. (简单句)当詹妮想象着自己成为画家时,她喜笑颜开,嘴角露出微笑。When she pi

22、ctured herself becoming a painter, her face lit up and lips curved in a smile. (简单句)她笑得更加灿烂了,满怀期待地奔进自己的卧室。Her smile broadened, and she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.2.将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇范文With a smile on her lips, Jenny rushed to her moms room to show off her new painting

23、. Her mother stopped to turn a smiling face to her. Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting, and a smile brightened her face. She said with a smile in her voice, Jenny, you paint really well. Im sure you will be a famous painter one day. Im so proud of you. Happily, when she pictured herse

24、lf becoming a painter, her face lit up and lips curved in a smile. Her smile broadened, and she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations. 教师独具1.用表“笑”的表达补全以下各句,并背诵我慢慢地从抽屉里拿出我的画,举了起来,全班同学突然哄堂大笑。I slowly pulled my picture out of my drawer and held it up. The entire class suddenly exploded with la

25、ughter. (简单句)突然,老师严肃的表情一下子变成了笑脸。All at once, the teachers serious expression softened into a grin. (名词+简单句)他笑着拍了拍我的肩膀。Laughing, he patted me on the shoulder. (分词作状语)他们的笑声把我搞糊涂了,我看了看我的画,结果发现是一张白纸。Confused by their laughter, I looked at my picture, only to find it was blank. (分词作状语)我看我的同桌,他正咧着嘴笑。When

26、I looked at my deskmate, he was grinning. (简单句)他们大笑,当然我没笑,我只能若无其事地挤出一个苦涩的笑。They laughed loudly, except for me, who could do nothing but force/squeeze/manage a bitter smile. (动词+副词+定语从句)2.将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇范文I slowly pulled my picture out of my drawer and held it up. The entire class sudd

27、enly exploded with laughter. All at once, the teachers serious expression softened into a grin. Laughing, he patted me on the shoulder. Confused by their laughter, I looked at my picture, only to find it was blank. Worse still, when I looked at my deskmate, he was grinning. They laughed loudly, exce

28、pt for me, who could do nothing but force/squeeze/manage a bitter smile.UNIT 2ICONIC ATTRACTIONS主题语境 人与环境、人与动植物提分背案1背熟单词练重点课前默写1.dive vi.&n.潜水;跳水;俯冲dove/dived/dived/diving (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)2.sponsor vt.倡议;赞助;主办n. (法案等的)倡议者;赞助者3.straightforward adj.坦率的;简单的4.entitle vt.给命名(或题名);使享有权利5.joint n.公共场所(尤指价格低

29、廉的饮食和娱乐场所);关节adj.联合的;共同的6.phase n.阶段;时期7.temporary adj.暂时的;短暂的8.sample n.样本;样品9.trunk n.树干10.arrow n.箭;箭头11.hatch vi.孵出;破壳vt.使孵出;策划;(尤指)密谋12.liberty n.自由13.domain n.领域;领土;范围14.grand adj.大;宏大的15.herb n.药草;香草;草本16.premier adj.最著名的;第一的;首要的n.总理;首相17.minister n.部长;大臣;外交使节18.equator n.赤道19.session n.一场;一段

30、时间;会议20.nest n.巢穴;鸟窝;秘密窝点21.barbecue n.户外烧烤;烤架22.butcher n.肉贩;屠夫;刽子手1.distribution n.分布;分配;分发distribute v.分发;分配;分散2.licensed adj.得到正式许可的license vt.批准;许可n.许可证;执照3.frequency n.发生率;重复率;(声波或电磁波振动的)频率frequent adj.频繁的;经常发生的frequently adv.频繁地;经常4.biology n.生理;生物学biological adj.生物学的;生物的biologist n.生物学家5.cap

31、acity n.能力;容量capable adj.有能力的;能干的capably adv.能干地incapable adj.没能力的;不能干的6.prison n.监狱;监禁prisoner n.囚犯;犯人7.foundation n.创建;基础;地基found v.创建,创办(组织或机构,尤指提供资金);把基于;把建立在founder n.创始人,创建者8.political adj.政治的politics n.政治politician n.政客,政治家9.located adj.位于locate vt.指出的位置location n.地方;位置10.bakery n.面包(糕饼)店;面包厂

32、baker n.面包(糕饼)师傅;面包店老板;面包店bake v. (在烤炉里)烘烤;焙;(将某物)烤硬11.freedom n.自由;不受影响的状态free adj.随心所欲的;不受约束的;自由的v.释放;使自由12.violent adj.暴力的;猛烈的violence n.暴力;暴行单词速记法词缀记忆法:阅读和完形中常见的名词后缀ology表示“科学”词根记忆法:词根mple的单词网ample adj.足够的sample n.样本;样品example n.例子simple adj.简单的biology生物学ecology生态学archaeology考古学geology地质学psychol

33、ogy心理学sociology社会学technology技术;工艺zoology动物学练重点课前默写distribution n. 分布;分配;分发背重点背写作佳句1)distribute . to /among .把分给be widely/evenly distributed广泛/平均分布2)the distribution of .的分布/分配It has been confirmed that our donated books will be distributed to each student as soon as possible.已确认我们捐赠的这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中

34、。(短文)freedom n. 自由不受影响的状态背重点背写作佳句1)have the freedom of ./to do sth.有(做)的自由2)be free to do sth.自由做某事set . free释放;使获得自由free from/of .不受影响的;无的free . from .使摆脱;从中解脱for free/free of charge免费Besides enriching our school life, the winter picnic also freed us students from the heavy work of study.除了丰富我们的学校生

35、活,冬日野餐也把我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。(活动介绍)My father remains my herohe loves me, keeps me safe, and gives me the freedom to do what I want to do on my own.我的父亲一直是我的英雄他爱我,保护我,给我自由去做我自己想做的事。capacity n. 能力;容量背重点背写作佳句1)a capacity to do/for (doing) sth.的能力have a(n) . capacity for (doing) sth./to do sth.能够have a capac

36、ity of有容积/容量2)be capable of (doing) sth.有的能力Capable of speaking/With a capacity to speak/for speaking fluent English, I can communicate with ease.我能说一口流利的英语,我可以轻松地交流。(自荐信)提分背案2背熟短语和句式学生用书P1621.pick up 捡起;用车接;获得;学会2.hang onto 紧紧抓住,不放弃e across 偶然发现;偶然遇见4.date back to 追溯到5.bring in 带进来;赚得,挣(钱);引入;请来;邀请

37、6.can􀆳t wait to do 等不及做;迫不及待地做7.make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归8.make up 组成;编造;化妆;弥补9.breathe in/out 吸气/呼气10.make a joint effort to do sth. 共同努力做某事11.due to 因为,由于12.in the interest of 为利益;为打算13.a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量)14.a flock of 一群(羊或鸟)15.not to mention 不用说;更不必说16.be referred to as 被称

38、为17.in close contact with 密切联系短语hang onto/on to 紧紧抓住,不放弃背重点背写作佳句1)hang about/around闲逛;转悠hang about/around with sb.和某人厮混/聚在一起hang on抓紧不放hang over笼罩;使忧心忡忡hang out with sb.常和某人在一起hang up挂断电话hang sb.􀆳s head垂下头2)get the hang of掌握的窍门I was almost blown over by the wind, and I hung onto/on to the p

39、ole by the roadside to stand firm.我被风刮得快站不住了,只好紧紧抓住路边的杆子站稳脚跟。(读后续写动作描写)The wet air formed clouds, which hung over the treetops like smoke.湿气成云,像烟雾一样笼罩在树梢。(读后续写环境描写)He was in a bad mood, so he hung his head to hide it.他心情不好,所以低头掩饰。(读后续写情感描写)短语due to 因为,由于背重点背写作佳句due adj.预定的,到期的;欠下的;应给的due to由于,因为(一般用

40、作表语和状语)be due to do/for sth.预定/计划(做)某事be due to sb.应支付/给予/归于某人Due to the fact that many students lack selfdiscipline, they are likely to get distracted by online games.因为许多学生缺乏自律,他们很可能会被网络游戏分散注意力。(2022全国乙卷短文)My thanks are due to you, without whose help I would not have achieved so much.我要感谢你,没有你的帮助,

41、我不可能有如此成就。(感谢信)句式“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.他们绝大多数的乐器其实就是地上找到的树枝。其中就有一种令人惊叹的,叫作迪吉里杜管的乐器。背重点背写作佳句1)若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外, whose也可以放在介词后,构成“介词+whose+名词”结构

42、。2)该句式中介词的选用可根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的搭配或根据语意确定。Last Sunday the Labor Day was held, the purpose of which was to raise our awareness of the importance of labor.上周日举行了劳动节,其目的是提高我们的劳动意识。(报道)A tour of our campus is scheduled, during which you can admire the beautiful scenery and get to know the history of our sc

43、hool.我们计划游览校园,在此期间你可以欣赏美景,了解我校的历史。(欢迎辞)提分背案3练背读后续写满分素材学生用书P164动作描写之“笑” (二)名/动词grin咧嘴笑; giggle咯咯地笑;傻笑; roar大笑; chuckle偷笑动词短语break into a wide grin绽放出大大的笑容; grin with delight高兴地咧嘴笑; burst into laughter/burst out laughing大笑; explode with laughter哄堂大笑; scream/roar with laughter放声大笑; laugh/grin from ear

44、to ear笑得合不拢嘴; howl with laughter狂笑; laugh a loud laugh大笑一声名词短语a burst of laughter一阵大笑; roars of laughter大笑1.按要求用表“笑”的表达补全以下各句,并背诵(2021浙江卷读后续写“头困在南瓜中的女孩”) 我像困兽一样大声呼救,几乎把自己震聋了。我多么希望我没把头伸进南瓜里!Like a caged animal, I screamed for help, nearly deafening myself. How I wish I had never forced my head inside

45、 the pumpkin!烦人的是,我弟弟们的大笑声和我妹妹咯咯的笑声从外面传到了我的耳中。Annoyingly, roars of laughter of my brothers and giggles of my sister reached my ears from outside. (无灵主语句)爸爸哈哈笑着抓起一把刀,小心翼翼地把南瓜切开。Ha, ha, ha. laughing, Dad grabbed a knife and carefully cut the pumpkin open.我出来的时候下巴酸痛,脖子僵硬,嘴里甚至有一粒南瓜子。I emerged with a sor

46、e chin, my neck stiff and I even got a seed in my mouth.“你做到了!”妈妈大笑一声。她拍下了我整个出糗的过程。You made it! Mom laughed a loud laugh. She was actually filming my whole embarrassment.2.将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇范文Like a caged animal, I screamed for help, nearly deafening myself. How I wish I had never forced my head inside the pumpkin! Annoyingly, roars of laughter of my br