专题18完形填空说明文、议论文：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）.docx

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1、优点英语五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文（解析版）2023年高考真题题组2022年高考真题题组【2022全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, theres something highly exciting about 41 someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool

2、 children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developm

3、ental psychology 46 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldnt. The same 50 happene

4、d when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldnt 52 to her. A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflect

5、ed their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.41. A. follow

6、ingB. takingC. escapingD. directing42. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick43. A. exposedB. examinedC. untouchedD. imbalanced44. A. supportedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted45. A. disappointingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired46. A. explainedB. confirmedC. contradictedD. tested47. A. parentB. childC

7、. researcherD. doctor48. A. feetB. noseC. handsD. ears49. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fool50. A. eventB. thingC. actionD. accident51. A. YetB. NowC. SoonD. Once52. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave53. A. instructionsB. descriptionsC. experimentsD. assumptions54. A. comprehendedB. predictedC. exploredD. ig

8、nored55. A. partlyB. honestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly56. A. responsesB. approachesC. contributionD. sensitivity57. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpose58. A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up59. A. limitationsB. requirementsC. theoriesD. findings60. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. e

9、ffective41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hid

10、e and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. expo

11、sed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interprete

12、d解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.

13、”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _

14、 when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自

15、己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的

16、嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldnt 54 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。52.

17、A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况

18、。故选C。54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊

19、地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their16to the questions reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A

20、。57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you

21、can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。60. D。

22、考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。【2022浙江6月卷】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 36 it. “Again, Dad

23、dy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 37 he were flying, his eyes wide with 38 . His trust in me is 39 which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 40 . I hope Jacky will always trust

24、 me fully, but I know that, as he gets 41 , it will need more effort and sound judgment 42 . Trust is such an important part of a 43 relationship that its something that cant 44 to lose. Every time I 45 Jacky to something new, hell do it only because he trusts me and feels 46 in the knowledge that h

25、e wont get hurt. 47 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 48 that, when hes swimming in the big pool, Ill come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. 49 in the workplace, trust is important for strong 50 . It is something that every manager should work hard to 51 among their team. If pe

26、ople dont trust you, theyre unlikely to 52 your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A 53 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be 54 you their best. Good 55 , like good parenting, is a long-term c

27、ommitment.36. A. deserveB. missC. loveD. know37. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thoughD. so that38. A. fearB. excitementC. doubtD. astonishment39. A. reasonableB. limitedC. absoluteD. important40. A. reliefB. satisfactionC. achievementD. responsibility41. A. olderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier42. A. on

28、my behalfB. on my partC. in my honorD. in my name43. A. long-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student44. A. affordB. chooseC. waitD. expect45. A. attachB. compareC. adjustD. introduce46. A. safeB. happyC. proudD. grateful47. A. Above allB. In additionC. At firstD. For example48. A. admi

29、tB. believeC. suggestD. imagine49. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. SimilarlyD. Fortunately50. A. affectionB. determinationC. friendshipD. leadership51. A. assessB. organizeC. developD. understand52. A. repeatB. followC. changeD. forget53. A. gestureB. measureC. bondD. lack54. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD

30、. sending55. A. managementB. personalityC. communicationD. education【答案】36. C37. A38. B39. C40. D41. A42. B43. C44. A45. D46. A47. D48. B49. C50. D51. C52. B53. D54. B55. A【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, agai

31、n!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。37.考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 2

32、he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C.

33、 achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment _7_”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。42.考查介词短语词义辨析

34、。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。43.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与

35、儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a _8_ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare

36、对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。47.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；

37、B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _53_ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。

38、故选B项。49.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可

39、知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people dont trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。53.考

40、查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A.

41、 management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。2021年高考真题题组【2021天津卷】For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got _16_ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.

42、But soon enough, his _17_ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy _18_.For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was _19_ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the

43、_20_ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person whod taken his bike really needed _21_ to get to work?With that thought in mind, Pruitt _22_ a plan and posted it on the community website. He _23_ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which

44、 he would repair-again _24_. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didnt have the _25_ to buy one.The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty _26_ bicycles. Then came more than 500 _27_ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 1

45、40 for donation or to be _28_ to their owners.Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are _29_ struggling. _30_ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to _31_ skills, Pruitts lessons t

46、each teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. _32_, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.Its a really great _33_ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. Pruitt is certainly providing a _34_, but its not just the bikes. Its the relation

47、ships in the community. Its the _35_ that he can make on people.16. A. amazedB. madC. curiousD. frightened17. A. emotionsB. careerC. opinionsD. route18. A. everB. togetherC. insteadD. yet19. A. rideB. lockC. repairD. replace20. A. lackB. varietyC. increaseD. quality21. A. instructionB. qualificationC. transportationD. permis