技巧13 如何描述外貌-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练.docx

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1、优点英语高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练技巧13 如何描述外貌外貌描写必备技巧一、工笔细描法所谓工笔细描，就是讲究文笔工整，注重人物细部的详细刻画和细致描写，是国画方法在文学作品中的巧妙借用，也是人们在刻画人物时常用的一种方法。工笔细描的显著特点，是讲究人物微观的具体展示。工笔细描法的具体实施，往往从人物的整体面貌上用墨，既写面部，又及全身，给人以整体的印象。这种描写，多用于比较陌生的人物和主要人物,只有这样，才能让读者了解并熟悉所写的人物，才能突出主要人物的性格特征。二、粗笔勾勒法所谓粗笔勾勒,原是一种绘画手法,近于速写，用在文学作品中，就是采用简单线条，粗略地把人物的主要特点，迅速地几笔

2、描写出来。这种方法的特点，正好与“工笔细描法”相对,用语简略，运墨便利,几笔就勾勒出人物形象。如果是反面人物，又近于漫画，常用夸张手法。这种方法，多采用大手笔式的宏观描写，笔下的人物形象，常给人以粗线条、大轮廓、总特征的印象,至于人物肖像的细部内容，一般不作展示，即使有，也是点到为止，见好即收。运用粗笔勾勒法描写人物外貌，最大的优点就是简省笔墨，给人以总体形象。运用时，要注意两点:一是粗笔勾勒不等于描写模糊，不是隔着纱巾看人，给人的印象仍然是清晰的,鲜明的，实实在在的；二是粗笔勾勒虽具零散性，但要零而不碎，散而不乱,要有合理的顺序。三、特征显示法所谓特征显示法，就是在描写人物的外貌时，抓住所写

3、的人物区别于其他人物特点的征象、标志，进行具体刻画，让其显示出来,以突出这个人物的这个特征，以至一提到某个特征，就会使人想到某个人物,是人物外貌描写最有效、给人印象最深刻的一种技巧。 运用特征显示法，关键是抓住人物的特征.选择特征的主要依据，就是这个人物最显眼而又与众不同的闪光点。特征的部位要因人而易,就初中课文而言，人物特征多体现在脸部，这是因为，人们写肖像一般都把主要笔墨用在脸上。特征显示法的运用虽然很简单,一般只需一句话完成,但因为这句话是外貌描写的关键和精华所在，所以这句话的出现位置常常在中间。前有引渡,后有总结,前有铺垫，后有延伸,使之在众多语言,众多外貌内容中熠熠生辉。这就要讲究整

4、个外貌描写的和谐性，既不能一写人物,首句就是特征，这会显得突兀,也不能外貌描写结束了，还不见人物特征，不能抓住特征，人物形象也就毫无特色。打个比方，整个人物外貌描写是“画龙”，而特征显示则是“点睛”。没有“点睛”之笔，没有人物特征显示，外貌描写等于失败。四、逐步显现法所谓逐步显现,就是通过作者或文中人物（多为“我”)的观察，来表现所写人物的外貌特征。具体运用有两种情况，一是被写者由远而近地向观察者走来，二是观察者由远而近地向被写者走去,而又以后者为多,因为观察者是主体，被写者是客体。通过距离远近的不同，来描写同一个时间里同一个人物略有差异的外貌，能充分表现出这个人物丰富的形象特征。逐步显现法的

5、鲜明特点,一是运用的文字频率至少在两次以上，二是描写的外貌要呈现一定的梯度， 这个梯度要与观察者由远而近的距离移动同步发展，犹如推摄镜头,最后是特写形象。运用这种方法要注意两点， 一要防止简单重复，先写的要概括些，粗线条勾勒,宏观展示,用墨应简略；后写的要具体些，细致些，微观描摹，用语应详尽。二是几次所写的外貌要有所区别，先少后多，逐渐增加，重点特征每次都要写到，以加深人们的印象，如一面写鲁迅的三次外貌,都写了“瘦”。五、虚实结合法所谓虚实结合，就是在描写人物的外貌中，既有写实内容，又有虚的配合。写实，就是描写人物的现实外在特点，客观性比较强；写虚,就是通过一定的方式，来表现人物并不存在或联想

6、中的外貌,主观性明显。虚以实为基础，没有实写,便无法虚现;实又往往需要虚来补充，来衬托.它们的共同目的就是通过虚实并呈，密切配合，来充实人物形象,丰富人物性格。虚实结合法的运用,不外乎两种情况：一是通过观察者的心理作用，来感觉人物的形象特点，或夸大，或缩小,或褒赞，或贬损，外貌之中饱含着感情,读后给人以强烈的感染。二是通过人物的回忆,来再现人物的形象特点,实际上是写实的外貌在另一种情境下的重新出现。这种方法，一般要通过联想来实现,其目的，是表达思念之情，加深读者印象。六、着色点染法所谓着色点染，就是将不同的色彩涂抹于所写的人物，在文学作品中，就是通过写色词语来表现人物的鲜明特征。着色的主要依据

7、，是人物的性格特点,如鲁迅笔下的“闰土”“孔乙已”,都是下层人物，但着色就有区别,闰土终日劳动，因而脸色“灰黄,孔乙已好逸恶劳，所以脸色“青白”，这就是他们的性格不同决定的。人物着色的方法很多，既可以浓墨重彩,也可以轻描淡写；既可以多色搭配，也可以单色点染。总之要恰到好处，用色适度,自然成趣。着色点染法具体实施对象，不外乎三种情况：一是施色于衣着，即对人物的衣冠鞋袜用色，突出人物的穿衣变化和生活习惯，进而表现人物的内心世界和思想性格。二是着色于人体，即对人体的外露部位用色，突出人物的外部特征或变化,进而表现人物的内在特点,外露部分一般是指常露部分,最多用于着色的是头部，还有手、脚、腿、颈等,在

8、特定的情况下，胸、背也可以外露，也可以着色点染。三是既着色于衣着，又着色于人体,二者同时具备，互相映衬，彼此关照，多方面地表现人物的性格特点。例如潘虎中对潘虎的外貌描写：“那大汉粗眉毛,大眼睛，满腮胡子，黑里透红的脸色，穿一身青布的普通对襟短装。”这里有两处颜色点染：一是脸色“黑里透红”，表明他健康、强悍、久经战阵，饱经风霜；二是短装“青布,说明他穿着普通、简单、平常，而又有特色。通过这副外貌，不难看出，主人公分明是一个充满豪气、干练勇猛、粗犷豁达的农民英雄.着色点染法的运用，要注意两点:一是讲究“点染”，与画龙点睛一般，几笔见神采，不可随意涂抹，搞得人物是万紫千红“；二是讲究色调与人物整体外

9、貌的和谐性，如潘虎，眉毛“粗,眼睛“大”，再配色“黑里透红”，就很吻合.七、对比突现法所谓对比突现法，就是通过某个人物今昔外貌的不同或两个以上（包括两个）人物彼此外貌差异的对比，来突出人物性格的变化和命运的发展，突出主要人物的形象特征的方法。 运用这种方法有两种情况。一是进行横向外貌对比,即通过两个或两个以上不同人物外貌的不同描写,来突出主要人物的特点。人物之间的关系是并列的，形成一定的形象跨度，以突现某个重要人物或主要人物的性格特征和精神品质。二是进行纵向外貌对比，即通过某一个人物过去与现在外貌的不同描写，来突出人物的性格变化和命运的发展。运用对比描写人物外貌应注意一点,就是要有重点.两次或

10、两次以上的描写不能平分秋色、同等重要，要有所侧重.要把最能表现人物本质特点、最能反映主题的那个方面作为重点详写，其他略写.八、服饰烘衬法所谓服饰烘衬法，就是通过描写人物的衣着以及装饰，来烘托和陪衬人物的性格特点,是刻画人物的基本方法之一。一个人的服饰是其外表的东西，它与人物的性格特征，与人物的身世、处境、心态和思想有着密切的关系，什么样的人穿什么样的衣服,佩什么样的服饰，是有规可循，很有讲究的。客观生活如此，文学作品中描写人物外貌也应如此。 用服饰烘衬法描写人物外貌，要做到以下三点：一是要有一定的顺序.人们的服饰虽千变万化，但位置却大体相同.先写哪个后写哪个，要考虑周全，或从上到下,或由服到饰

11、，要根据不同人物的不同服饰，来确定合理的顺序。这样，才能使读者对所写的人物有一个层次清晰的印象。二是要进行服饰比较.人是活动的变化的，在不同的时间不同的场合下，人们的服饰也会不同，服饰的不同又反映了人们的外貌不同和性格变化.写好这些服饰的变化，也就能表现出人物的变化。三是要有重点。服饰描写，不能从头至脚无一遗漏,那样，既易落入俗套，又显得繁杂，这就要抓住重点，突出重点。重点的确定要因人而易,最能表现人物 性格和本质特点的服饰一定要写，详写，反之，略写即可，甚至不写。用服饰烘衬法描写外貌,是为刻画人物性格、塑造人物形象服务的，运用时要有所选择，不能张冠李戴， 李服张穿。如老杨同志那二斤半重的“硬

12、鞋”,绝不能穿到闰土的脚上,朱自清父亲的那件“黑布大马褂，也不能穿到中年闰土身上,要讲究服饰与人物身份和性格的一致性。外貌描写必备词汇1、脸型: round 圆的; thin 瘦的; long 长的; square 方的. 2、头发: (1) 发型: straight 直的; curly 卷发的; pigtails 辫子; crew cut 平头; bald秃头的. (2) 发色: jet-black 乌黑的; fair 金色的; blonde 淡黄色的; golden 金黄色的; dyed 染色的; brunette 浅黑色的; mousey 灰褐色的; chestnut 栗色的.3、女性外

13、表:blond 金发碧眼的；glamorous 性感有魅力的；slender 苗条的； well-shaped body 体形丰满的；plump 丰满肥胖的；elegant and poised 雍容华贵的；graceful 优美的； thin hair头发稀疏的； trendy时髦的； tanned 皮肤黝黑的、阳光肌肤的； natural-looking 长相一般的； pale 面色苍白的； dimple 有酒窝的； petite 瘦小的； wavy hair 卷毛的； oval face 鹅蛋脸型的； up-turn nose 朝天鼻的.4、男性外表：bald 秃顶的； dishevel

14、ed hair 头发凌乱的； bright eye 眼神明亮的； broad face 宽脸的； clean-shaven face 面庞清爽干净的； bony 瘦骨嶙峋的； muscular肌肉健美的； robust 强壮的； chubby 肥壮敦实的； manly 男人味的； gentlemanly 有绅士风度的.外貌描写句子示例1.她圆圆的脸上有一双蓝色的眼睛，还有两个可爱的酒窝。On her round face are a pair of blue eyes and lovely dimples. (倒装句型)She is a girl with a pair of blue eye

15、s and lovely dimples on her round face. (with引导的介宾结构作后置定语，补充说明人物信息)2.李老师三十多岁，身材适中，常梳着马尾辫。Miss Li is in her thirties with a medium build and has her hair in a ponytail. (由and连接的并列句；with短语用作状语，表示伴随状态)Miss Li is a mediumsized woman in her thirties who often wears/ties her hair in a ponytail. (定语从句补充介绍人

16、物特征)Miss Li, in her thirties, is of medium size, and often has her hair tied in a ponytail. (“be of adj. n”结构表示人或物具有某种特征。常用的名词有：size, height, weight, build, age, shape等)1阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文. After six hours of fishing, John Franklin and his sister Jane were ready to call it a day.

17、 It was 7 pm. The summer sun was setting, and the fishes had stopped biting. But Janes 12-year-old son Conrad was having so much fun that he begged “Lets do just one more run,” Since the mild weather was holding out, why not? John turned the boat around and headed back. Yet, you never knew. They had

18、nt even cast their lines when the wind picked up suddenly. Rough waves began battling against the little boat. “Check your life jackets and hold the boat!” John shouted, As Jane and her son were on the point of screaming, two big waves rolled over, one right after the other. Within a few seconds, th

19、e boat tipped(倾斜). Backward and turned over, throwing three of them into the water. Out of the worst, the luckiest thing was that they had life jackets on and the boat didnt sink immediately. Everyone grabbed onto it. “Lets get back in the boat, Mommy,” Conrad cried, trembling with fear. “Dont panic

20、. People know were out here,” Jane comforted him. “Theyll send help soon.” Treading(踩) the water, the adults exchanged worried looks. They were floating in the middle of nowhere. “I knew we were in a tight spot,” said John, a third-generation commercial fisherman who, like Jane, had been raised on t

21、he bay. When a strong wind blew through about half an hour with no sign of dying down, they had to make some decisions. It had been a perfect July day, with the water at a temperate 20 degrees centigrade, but everyone was cold by 9 pm. If they werent rescued soon, they might not survive the night, J

22、ohn recognized, but the closest shoreline was about three miles away, starred by only a few glowing house lights. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. Looking at the lights in the distance, John asked his sister in a low voice, “Should I do it?”_About three hours later, John reached the shoreline

23、 and saw the house in lights. _2阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It was time for graduates to hunt for jobs. The majority of them didnt have working experience for they had spent most of their time at school studying academic subjects. It was not until they graduated from college that they reali

24、zed it was a challenge for them to land jobs.Jimmy, one of these job hunters, was a young academically excellent person. One day, after making good preparations, he went to apply for a managerial position in a big company. In spite of fierce competition, he managed to pass the first interview. What

25、a lucky dog! Jimmy was informed to come for the next round in a few days the last interview for the company to make the final decision.The big day finally came. He dressed neatly, the grey tie matching perfectly the decent suit. Blood rushing to his face and heart pounding heavily, he tried to calm

26、down, and then took a few deep breaths. It was his turn.The interviewer, an elegant lady, discovered from the CV that the youths academic achievements were excellent all the way, from the secondary school until the postgraduate research. After several rounds of questions related to the position, she

27、 asked, “Have you ever done any part-time jobs?” “None.” After a while, the interviewer asked who paid for Jimmys school fees. The youth answered in a low voice, “My father passed away when I was one year old, so it was my mother who paid for all my school fees.”She continued, “What did your mother

28、do?” “My mother worked as a clothes cleaner.” The lady requested the youth to show his hands. The youth showed a pair of hands that were smooth and perfect. The interviewer paused for a second, leaning against the chair, “Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before?” Ashamed, Jimmy repl

29、ied, “Never. My mother always wanted me to study and read more books. Furthermore, my mother can wash clothes faster than me.” She nodded, adding, “I have a request. When you go back today, go and clean your mothers hands, and then see me back here tomorrow morning.”注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位

30、置作答。Back home, Jimmy requested his mother to let him clean her hands._The next morning, Jimmy went to the interviewers office._3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I moved to Boston from the less traffic-filled Midwest, all I heard was, “Boston drivers are terrible. You must be careful on the

31、roads!”I lived in Boston for four years while in college. But I didnt need a car then, because Bostons subways and buses could take me anywhere I needed to go. When I graduated, moved to the suburbs and got a job, I had to buy a car. I began to share the roads with the crazy drivers Id heard about w

32、ith much anxiety. I found the stories were all true! I always get cut off and shouted at. Very seldom am I actually doing something wrong. I cant count the number of times Ive almost been in an accident because people refuse to give way to me when I have the right of way. Almost too late, I realize

33、I have to turn if I want my car to stay untouched. And Ive only been driving here for six months!I learned how to drive in a friendlier environment, so Ive always been in the habit of letting people go in front of me if they need to turn or pull out. However, people here are hardly thoughtful enough

34、 to help other drivers that way. They usually cut right away in front of me without even showing thanks. In my home environment, the thank-you wave is standard driving behaviour to show politeness. Having nothing in return for my kindness in Boston had been so discouraging that I was almost ready to

35、 give up trying to be nice. I thought Id just move along very quickly with the rest of the cars, without a thought for anyone else. Then one day on my way home from work I was stuck in the heavy traffic with so many cars almost touching each other. And I noticed a young man was also trapped in the n

36、ext driveway three or four cars ahead of mine. 注意1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。As I moved slowly along the road, I felt tired and hungry. _The young guy gave me a huge thank-you wave right away. _4阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。I made it all the way to fifth grade before anyone (except me)

37、 realized that I couldnt see twenty feet in front of me. Our school had vision screenings (视力普查) every year, but somehow I had managed to fake good vision and pass the tests. But then in the fifth grade, I failed. It was my turn to go into the screening room, and I nervously took my seat in front of

38、 the testing machine. The nurse told me to look into the little black machine and tell her which direction the letter Es legs were pointing. Barely able to make out the black spot of an E, I made a guess: “Right, left, left, up, down, up, left, right”. I looked up at her.She studied my face for a mo

39、ment. Then she said, “Could you repeat that?”I panicked. Id never been asked to repeat it. And I hadnt memorized the guess Id just made up. I was trapped. So, I looked into the machine again and made up another sequence of guesses. I glanced over at the nurse, who was leaning forward with a frown on her face. “You have no idea which way theyre facing, do you?” she asked. “Not really,” I confessed. “Can you even see the E at all?” she asked. “Sort of. no,” I admitted. “Then why didnt you just say so?” she dema