考点04 形容词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）.docx

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1、考点04 形容词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布题型语法填空高考考点介词新高考I卷2023taste-tasty20222021hot-hotter新高考II卷2023confidence-confident2022sleep-asleep2021浙江1月高考卷2023space - spacious simple-simpler20222021small-smaller low-lower2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于形容词的考查共计8次，主要考查：1其他词转化为形容词的词形转换；2形容词的比较级；3. 形容词的比较句型。【备考策略】系统归类形容词的词形转换

2、词，尤其注意不规则变化；重熟练掌握形容词比较句型的用法。【命题预测】语法填空对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查形容词的词形转换，形容词的相关句型用法。考点一 形容词的词形转换1.形容词的构词规律类别例词词尾加-ycloudcloudy, lucklucky, healthhealthy, sleepsleepy词尾加-(e)dgiftgifted, talenttalented, advanceadvanced, exciteexcited词尾加ingsurprisesurprising, convinceconvincing, frightenfrightening词尾加-fu

3、l/-lessmeaningmeaningful/meaningless, carecareful/careless, helphelpful/helpless, harmharmful/harmless, homehomeless, colourcolourful/colourless, useuseful/useless, thankthankful/thankless, peacepeaceful/peaceless词尾加-ablecomfortcomfortable, knowledgeknowledgeable, acceptacceptable, respectrespectabl

4、e词尾加-ousdangerdangerous, couragecourageous, humourhumorous词尾的-ce变为-tconfidenceconfident, differencedifferent词尾加-almusicmusical, personpersonal, nationnational, educationeducational, traditiontraditional词尾加-lyfriendfriendly, weekweekly, lovelovely词尾加-enwoodwooden, woolwoolen其他常见变化energyenergetic, foo

5、lfoolish, pleasurepleasant/pleased, sciencescientific以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sunsunny, funfunny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noisenoisy, iceicy, tastetasty等)动词词尾加ive/ativeattractattractive, talktalkative, preventpreventive, protectprotective提示如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”(-ing)，还是“感到”(

6、-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人的”。(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。2.词形转换的具体总结形容词后缀1形容词后缀-able(1)能的；可的acceptacceptable可接受的adaptadapta

7、ble能适应的adjustadjustable可调节的affordaffordable负担得起的relyreliable可信赖的，可依靠的特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间changechangeable易变的admireadmirable可钦佩的believebelievable可相信的(2)具有的特点enjoyenjoyable令人愉快的suitsuitable合适的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的reasonreasonable合理的特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间valuevalu

8、able有价值的knowledgeknowledgeable有丰富知识的，博学的2形容词后缀-ful/-lesscheercheerful兴高采烈的doubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的thoughtthoughtful周到的；深思的peacepeaceful和平的successsuccessful成功的regretregretful后悔的harmharmful 有害的harmless 无害的helphelpful 有帮助的helpless 无助的；无能的hopehopeful 有希望的hopeless 绝望的useuseful 有用的useless 无用的；无效

9、的powerpowerful 强有力的powerless 无力的meaningmeaningful 有意义的meaningless 无意义的3形容词后缀-ive/-ativeactactive积极的；活跃的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的instructinstructive有教育意义的createcreative创造性的progressprogressive进步的talktalkative健谈的（别忘了字母a）effecteffective有效的4形容词后缀-ous（ous还是ious一定要记清楚）continuecontinuou

10、s不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的dangerdangerous危险的humorhumorous幽默的mountainmountainous多山的poisonpoisonous有毒的ambitionambitious有野心的religionreligious宗教的spacespacious 宽敞的；广阔的5形容词后缀-ble/-iblehorrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的；糟糕的visionvisible看得见的accessaccessible容易达到的；容

11、易取得的6形容词后缀-yfogfoggy多雾的tastetasty美味的；可口的lucklucky幸运的healthhealthy健康的dirtdirty有灰尘的；脏的greedgreedy贪婪的sunsunny阳光明媚的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的7形容词后缀-al/-ialculturecultural文化的agricultureagricultural农业的practicepractical实际的musicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天

12、生的traditiontraditional传统的optionoptional可选择的，选修的professionprofessional专业的；职业的benefitbeneficial有益的facefacial面部的（看起来很简单但很容易错）industryindustrial工业的financefinancial金融的8形容词后缀-icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的historyhistorical具有重大历史意义的energyenergetic精力充沛的classclassic经典的9形容词后缀-en

13、woodwooden木制的goldgolden金色的woolwool(l)en羊毛的10形容词后缀-lydeaddeadly致命的livelively活跃的friendfriendly友好的yearyearly每年的monthmonthly每月的weekweekly每周的daydaily每日的；日常的costcostly昂贵的orderorderly有次序的（2023新高考卷 语法填空）Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 5

14、6. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. 1(2022新高考卷)Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something _ (use)2(2023四川省成都市第八中学高三二模)_ (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese museums.3(2023重庆市第

15、八中学高三检测)“Many people want to lie down because 996 is too _ (tire)，” she said.考点二形容词的比较级和最高级形容词比较级和最高级的构成(er/est)转换以e结尾r/stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，er/estearlyearlierearliest以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)双写结尾字母er/estbigbiggerbiggest多音节和部分双音节结尾前面加more/mostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful特别注意(1)有少数几个双音

16、节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (

17、最喜欢的)等。(3)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, badly, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest形容词的比较级If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should ta

18、ke a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance.如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。The earlier the treatment is given，the better the patients chances.病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一

19、个，它便于携带。考点总结1比较级的修饰语常见的有rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。2比较级than.“比更”；less.than“不如”。3the比较级，the比较级“越，越”。4the比较级of (the)名词/代词“(两者中)较的”。形容词的最高级The happiest are not those who own all the best things，but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.最幸福的

20、人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。This is the best song by far that Ive ever heard.这是我听过的最好听的歌。Are you pleased with what he has done?Not a bit.It couldnt be any worse.你对他做的事满意吗？一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。Im sure I was the last person in the word he want to accept assistance from.我确信在这个世界上，他最不希望接受我的帮助了。1三者或三者以上的比

21、较用最高级。2最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等。 3“否定词比较级”表示最高级意义。4the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。（20231月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _ (simple)in design and decoration,

22、and the hutongs were narrower. 1(2023山西省太原市高三模拟二)Norwegians, by the way, always eat the skin of the fish, which they say is the _ (tasty) of all.2（2023安徽省蚌埠市第一次教学质量检查）The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger or “Indian Summer. Because of decr

23、easing rainfall, it is even _（hot）during this period than during Major Heat.3(2023山东省济宁市高三检测)MidAutumn Festival is one of _ (important) festivals in Chinese calendar.4.（2023江苏省扬州市高邮市第一中学等2校联考）The successful application can further help improve teas influence globally. It will not only promote more r

24、espect for cultural diversity and human creativity but also will encourage people to pursue _ (healthy) lifestyles by integrating tea culture into their daily lives.考点三倍数表达法The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。S

25、moking is harmful to peoples health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary

26、people.这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。考点总结表示倍数的几个句型1倍数as形容词/副词原级as.2倍数形容词/副词比较级than.3倍数the性质名词(size/length/height等)of.4The名词be倍数what从句5The名词be倍数that/those of.(2023河南省九师联盟高三阶段检测)“Figuring it out is 1，000 times _ (hard) than understanding the physics behind climate changes，” Manabe said.1.Peters jacket looked j

27、ust the same as Jacks, but it cost _ his.A. as much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice as D. as twice much as2.At a rough estimate, Nigeria is_Great Britain. A. three times the size as B.the size three times of C. three times as the size of D.three times the size of考点四形容词比较级的基本句型形容词比较等级的基本

28、句型句型（1）：as + adj./ adv.原级 + as / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as注意：当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 This is as good an example as the other is. = This is an example as good as the other is.句型（2） adj./ adv.比较级+ than/ less + adj./ adv.原级+ than You are less tall than I.注意：比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。Tom is the taller of th

29、e two brothers. I have never read a better story. 句型（3） the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(have ever ) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had. 注意：当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常,相当于very，此时没有比较概念。例如： Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. 否定词语+比较级，否定词语

30、+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. We couldnt feel better.比较等级的修饰语强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far th

31、an his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。句型（4）the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越越” The more you practise，the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。双方比较，

32、表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。句型（5）表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。如：This room is less beautiful than that one.句型（6）不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构，意思是“越来越”。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.（8）三者及其以上之间的比较，要用最高级。（9）否

33、定词+比较级，可以用来表达最高级的意思。如：I couldnt agree more.我非常同意。（10）某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.（11）用介词by表示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。（12）more., than.表示“如其说不如说”。 It is more blue

34、than green.如其说是绿的，不如说是蓝的。1.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _(old)than before.2.（2018新课标I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years

35、_ (long) than non-runners. 1.（2018年浙江卷）There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.2.（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but its long been

36、assumed that human ancestors were_ _（smart）than the Neanderthals.3.（2019新课标I卷）leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. 考点五 形容词作状语形容词作状语（读后续写常用句型）Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩非常高兴，满足地跑回了家。He

37、lpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。Scared and alone，Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.由于害怕和孤独，一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友，之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic

38、works, both _43_ (function) and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink. 2.【2023河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is _49_(act) and masculine (阳性的). Its believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even nu

39、mbers belong to yin. 3.【2023湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng Hes efforts helped develop _42_ (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.4.【2023内蒙古包头市高三调研】Pablo Picasso was a _49_ (produce) artist b

40、ut many of his works were stolen. 5.【2023江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a _41_(determine) “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”6.【2023江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely _43_(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier

41、 science research.7.【2023江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a _56_ (tower) figure. His unusual and playful style opened up a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society. 8.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研

42、考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is Chinas most _40_(power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send Chinas three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO. 9.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The sk

43、illed bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “_38_ (mystery) Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.10.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic meaning: choose y

44、our own love and remain _45_ (faith) for life.11.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】After Autumn Equinox, the location of direct sunlight moves to the south, making days shorter and nights _65_ (long) in the northern hemisphere (半球). In ancient China, people threw arrows into pots to welcome Autumn Equinox.12.【2

45、023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】The_61_ (tradition) Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2, 000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the suns movement.13.【安徽省蚌埠市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次教学质量检查】Start of Autumn,（Li