第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版）.docx

《第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版）.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第18讲 主旨大意题（模拟精练+真题演练）根据文章选择正确的选项1.（2023年湖北华中师大附中模拟预测）I truly believe we all have a very special purpose in life, regardless of who we are or where we come from. After ten years of working for a major Wall Street bank, I wanted to do something challenging. So when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement

2、 looking to hire more stockbrokers (股票经纪人), with great excitement, I made some phone calls and arranged to meet with one of its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve of his top stockbrokers, I eventually landed the job.The first few months was a struggle. I lived on

3、 very little commission (佣金). Night after night, I left the office weary and exhausted, ready to give up, yet somehow returning the next morning to start anew day. Eventually, all the hard work paid off. In less than four years, I became one of the top sales people at my branch and increased persona

4、l sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure income, promotion and numerous sales awards.Toward the end of my fourth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that something was missing. I thought long and hard about my goals. Then I was reminded of the time when I spoke to hundreds of people

5、, while in college as a student leader, and years later, when I won a “Humorous Speech” championship. It dawned on me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came out of the experience with a wonderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did.

6、I knew the extraordinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with could enable me to make a lasting difference and transform other peoples lives.Then I took another daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business for a more satisfying career as a motivational speaker. The beginning

7、 of my speaking journey was surprisingly similar to what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. However, nothing in the world comes close to the satisfying feeling I get when thousands of people tell me how much I have made a difference in their lives by motivating them to take risks and be the b

8、est they could be.Which is the most suitable title for the text?ASpeaking Makes a Satisfying JobBChallenge Your Career ChoiceCHard Work Pays OffDDare to Take Risks2. （2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast on my rooftop on Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit th

9、e Twin Towers. For months afterwards, I shook with anxiety every morning. Unwilling to medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) caused panic attacks. Hot yoga built muscle but did nothing for my anxiety. I went to talks by Buddhist monks and meditation teachers hoping to attain

10、 inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditation class, which involves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different postures and rhythms. Though I went in skeptical,I came out calm. Two decades later,I never missed a day of my breathing practice, not even when I gave birth

11、.20Which of the following is the best title for the text?APTSD: more awareness neededBSKY: better well-being attainedCMeditation: an effective treatmentDBreath: detailed ways to conduct3. （2023广东深圳外国语学校练习）McDonalds is promising to offer sustainable Happy Meal toys made with dramatically less plastic

12、 by the end of 2025. The fast-food giant said that it has already decreased the use of virgin fossil fuel-based plastic in its toys by 30% worldwide since 2018 after starting the process in markets like France, the United Kingdom and Ireland.More than 100 countries worldwide sell Happy Meals at McDo

13、nalds locations. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread concern about childrens meals at fast-food restaurants, the company revamped its options to selections that were lower in calories, sodium, saturated fat and sugar.Murray said children and parents alike have

14、 been asking for more sustainable toys. In 2019, two British school children started a petition (请愿书) that generated international attention asking McDonalds and Burger King to cancel the plastic toys in their childrens meal deals.Some toys, like board game pieces, will be made with plant-derived (植

15、物提取的) or recycled material. Others will have more significant changes to their appearance. Superheroes and movie characters will be 3-D cutouts rather than plastic figurines. The company is also looking into switching from plastic wrapping to plant-based and certified fiber packaging.“As you can ima

16、gine, our entire supply chain has to change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and were really just changing the way we do our Happy Meals.”McDonalds chief sustainability officer Jenny McColloch said the company has already been learning from feedback in France, the UK and

17、Ireland, where the toys have already rolled out. The goal is to make sure they are safe and sturdy enough for children.According to McColloch, the more sustainable toys will begin rolling out widely in the US by January. The fast-food giant is also looking for ways to recycle the old plastic Happy M

18、eal toys within its restaurants.136Which can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Less Use of Plastic Is RequiredBAn Eco-friendly Burger Chain Called McDonaldsCThe Way That McDonalds Made Happy Meal ToysDMcDonalds Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Toys4.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it

19、leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, sci

20、entists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your

21、friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean

22、people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a

23、 Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with oth

24、ers.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more

25、 likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”What can be a suitable title for the text?ASad Stories Travel Far and WideBOnline News Attracts More PeopleCReading Habits Change with the TimesDGood News Beats Bad on Social Networks5.（2023华南师大附中模

26、拟预测）Growing up in the Philippines, construction worker Johnny Manlugay combs the beaches each night for the eggs of sea turtles. He knows exactly what to look for, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather on how to locate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded or ate them. I

27、t wasnt about getting rich. It was just a part of life.But Manlugay has since turned over a new leaf. Now, he uses his tracking skills to protect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “Ive learned to love this work,” Manlugay acknowledged in an interview. “We didnt know poaching (偷猎) w

28、as illegal and that we should not eat turtle eggs and meat.”Manlugay carefully moved each egg into a bucket he brought with him, as well as some sand from the turtle nests, so as to hand them over to Coastal Underwater Resource Management Actions(CURMA) the group leading the conservation program on

29、the beaches.The conservation effort established in 2009 has transformed sea turtle poachers into helpers, offering training to help save thousands of turtles and keep their eggs from ending up in markets and on plates. “We talked to the poachers, and it turned out poaching was just another means for

30、 them to earn a living,” explained Carlos Tamayo, the director of operations. “They had no choices.”Once collected, the eggs are then reburied in protected areas to ensure the hatch. Another former poacher, Jessie Cabagbag, who grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care of one of the protected

31、areas now. “I stopped poaching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been doing was illegal and that these species of turtles are endangered,” he explained. Now, he admits, “I am truly proud. I am happy that I can contribute to the conservation of the turtles.”Whats the best t

32、itle for this passage?ALocal Philippinos Search for Sea Turtle Eggs.BFormer Turtle Egg Poachers Turn into Protectors.CSea Turtles are Well Protected in the Philippines.DThe Conservation Program Saves Endangered Turtles.6.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella loves Amazon boxes. It tears i

33、nto them while ignoring other delivery boxes. Little Bit, a tortoiseshell cat, is similarly consumed but by socks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle of the night and also paws through the open suitcases of house guests, who almost always find themselves missing a sock in the morning. Pe

34、ts do some pretty weird things. But these strange behaviors often make perfect sense to the pets, said scientists who study animal behaviors. “These behaviors are not invented on the spot,” said Carlo Siracusa, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. The pets are

35、 doing behaviors that their wild ancestors did, but theyve changed them a bit to fit their new lives as pets.Dogs can be trained to roll over and play dead. But their ancient instincts from their wolf ancestors are still there. Instincts, or instinctive behaviors, are behaviors that are done without

36、 thinking. They dont have to be learned. For example, some dogs will scratch the ground after pooping(排便). But theyre not trying to bury their poop. They want other animals to notice it. “They are depositing smell in those areas,” Siracusa said. “Its almost like drawing a picture with a big red mark

37、er around it,” he added.Cats, on the other hand, almost always bury their waste. “They are covering their tracks,” says Monique Udell, an expert on human-animal interactions who works at Oregon State University. Cats are predators, meaning they hunt other animals for food. But other animals hunt the

38、m, too. So they dont want to be seen-or smelled. Mikel Delgado, the founder of a California-based cat behavior consulting service, said that many other cat behaviors, arise from cats wild origins.While dogs share many behaviors inherited (继承) from wolves, theyve also developed a few of their own. “P

39、uppy dog eyes”, the innocent look that many humans are helpless to resist, is one. Over the time period that theyve lived with people, dogs have developed certain muscles around their eyes. This helps them make the adorable expressions that win over humans. Like wolves, dogs also like to lick faces.

40、 Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are not. “Its how wolf puppies get food from their parents mouths,” Siracusa said. “It also can be a sign of submission. When a lower-ranking individual approaches a higher-ranking one, it gets down real low and licks the dominant one to say: Im no

41、t a threat to you.”Which statement summarizes the fourth paragraph?APet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestors did so.BHumans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.CCats are uninterested in keeping a low tone.DCats have changed a lot after becoming pets.7.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）From

42、 rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passenger this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Ae do Projectto develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers away to fe

43、el natures beauty through their car windows.The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LE

44、D lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers

45、 get information on what theyre seeing.“As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo, one director of GTB Roma, said. “When the idea was at its fir

46、st stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”The technology may show up in a Ford aut

47、onomous vehicle. Its known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. Its unclear when this technology will be made available. Howe

48、ver, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action.Which can be the best title for the text?AA I-based Window Adds Fun to Road TripsBSmart Window Lets Blind Passengers Feel ViewsCTechnology Makes the Blinds Trip EnjoyableDFord Develops a System for th

49、e Blind to Drive8. （2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）A study on “slash youth” published in the China Youth Research magazine analyzes the background of this phenomenon: with part of modern societys structured organization and stability norms (规范) are broken, flexible labor markets and structural unemployment has emerged, eliminating the sense of job security of the young peo