考点02 冠词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

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1、考点02 冠词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布题型语法填空高考考点冠词新高考I卷2023a2022the2021a新高考II卷2023the2022The2021the2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查共计6次，主要考查：1定冠词the表示特指；2不定冠词a表示泛指；3. 短语中的冠词；4句型中的冠词。【备考策略】熟练掌握定冠词和不定冠词的基本规则；熟记学习过的含有冠词的短语及句型；注意零冠词的用法。【命题预测】语法填空对冠词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查冠词的基本用法，根据习惯用法或固定句型确定冠词。注意冠词的一些特殊用法。考点一、不定冠词的

2、基本用法1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable t

3、ask.一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore S

4、edgewick.当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多塞奇威克的律师。4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。5.表示单位时间内的频度，含有每的概念。The medicine

5、 is to be taken three times a day.这药每天吃三次。1.（2022全国甲卷）_64_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，用a，注意首字母大写。故填A。2.（2020浙江 1月）A child born in the US today has _very realistic chance of living

6、beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。1【2023石家庄二中高三联考】Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of anci

7、ent engineering skill and is still in use today.Then they cut_channel through Mount Yulei to let the water flow through it. After the system was finished, no more floods occurred. 【答案】 a【解析】考查冠词。句意：然后他们在玉雷山上开了一条通道，让水流过。分析句子结构可知，channel意为“渠道”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，前应该用不定代词修饰，channel为辅音音素开头，应该用a。故填a。2.【2023吉林省

8、东北师范大学附属中学高三二模】Despite extremely cold temperatures and strong winds in recent days in Northeast China, workers are not slowing down as they build _ ice and snow wonderland in Harbin, Heilongjiang province.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：尽管中国东北近日遭遇极寒和大风天气，但黑龙江哈尔滨市的工人们并没有放慢建造冰雪仙境的脚步。表示泛指，故用不定冠词，且空后为元音音素开头的单词。故用an。3

9、.【2023湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三4月押题】The Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2023 was held from March 28 to 31 in Boao, Hainan province,_highlight of which was Zero-carbon.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会于3月28日至31日在海南博鳌举行，其中一个亮点是零碳。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词highlight分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定冠词表示“一个”，且highlight发音是以辅音音素开头，应

10、用a。故填a。考点二、不定冠词的特殊用法1.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示再一，又一。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。a + most 表示“非常，很”；the + most 表示“最.” a + 序数词，表示“又一，再一”；the + 序数词，表示“第.”This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。This is the most interesting story. 这是最有趣的一个故事。He ha

11、d decided to give it up, but on a second thought he decided to try a third time.他已经决定放弃，但是转念一想，决定再试一次。2.用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍:是什么样的人，是什么样的事物，使本来的抽象名词具体化，使之具有了“一”的概念。The house is full of joy.The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)Failure is the mother of success.He is a success. （一个成功的人或物）He gav

12、e me a lot of pleasure.It is a pleasure to work with you. （一件令人愉快的事情）She looked up in surprise.What a great surprise you gave me. （一件令人惊讶的事情）Knowledge is power. He has a wide knowledge of animals. （一门的知识）He received little education/ a good education. （一种的教育）3.某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用，而变成具体化的名词。例如I like cof

13、fee.Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)I has just had lunch.I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)4.用在被修饰语限定的季节，月份，日期，三餐前，如： On a cold rainy night , the poor man was dragging himself on a street alone. What a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.5.用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前，如： We all hope to have a peaceful and

14、friendly world.6.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。You had better go to the factory and have a look.你最好到厂里去看一看。7.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费；a touch of “一点儿;少许”；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常； once in a while偶尔,不时 in a minute一会儿 in a word简言之 get in a

15、 word插话 as a result (of)由于，因为 in a hurry匆忙地 be at a loss不知所措as a matter of fact 实际上 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下one(two, three.)at a time一次一个（两个，三个.） It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。1.（2023新高考卷 语法填空）The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness and the soup h

16、ot, clear and delicious.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点儿甜味,汤应该是热的、清澈的和美味的。a touch of “一点儿;少许”为常用搭配,touch“一点儿;少许”常用作单数。故填a。2.（2021新课标I）While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit! 【答案】a【解析】句意为：你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山！泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.单句语法填空1.【2023广东省高三开学大联考】Throughout Chinas history, eating habit

17、s have been influenced by many factors such as geography, religion, society and economy. As _result, food and eating habits are not only indicative of the social status, but characteristic of one group, differing in regions, families, peoples or religions to some extent.【答案】a【解析】考查固定短语和冠词。句意：因此，食物和饮

18、食习惯不仅表明了社会地位，而且是一个群体的特征，在一定程度上因地区、家庭、民族或宗教而不同。as a result是固定短语。故填a。2.【2023湖南省益阳市质量检测】These journeys had _40_ far-reaching impact on China and its neighbors.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：这些旅程对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。根据句意可知，此处考查短语have an/a adj. impact on表示“对有（的）影响”；far-reaching 是非元音音素开头的形容词。故填a。考点三、定冠词的基本用法1.用在名词前表示特指。Did y

19、ou enjoy yourself yesterday?Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.你昨天玩得开心吗？是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。Do you know who invented the telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗？3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更

20、有趣？4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。（2023新高考卷 语法填空）Not the pandas, even though 59. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意:不是

21、熊猫,尽管医学训练说明中使用的语言实际上是英语。空后名词language为可数名词,根据后面used for the medical training instructions可知,此处language表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。1.【2023广东省韶关市南雄中学高三4月月考】With the efforts to carry out various targeted protections toward nature, _ future looks bright for Chinas biodiversity. ”Townshend said.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：随着

22、对自然进行各种有针对性的保护，中国的生物多样性前景一片光明。设空处修饰名词，表特指，应用定冠词，故填the。2.【2022全国高考乙卷】To celebrate _42_ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 【答案】 the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。考点四、定冠词的特殊用法5.定冠词t

23、he和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。Many of the injured are still in danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by height等。Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.Right，he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。7.定冠词the用在表示

24、姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。the east 东部play the piano 弹钢琴9.在固定句型中的运用主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between.He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较

25、高的那个。 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 one of+the+形容词或副词最高级The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。He is one of the tallest boys in the class. 他是班里最高的孩子之一。1.【2022新高考I卷】The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant

26、 Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times _37_ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。2.【2022年新高考全国卷】 _37_ Brown family live in an

27、apartment building outside Toronto.【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。1. （2021年浙江卷语法填空） _ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four

28、Lincoln sons were born here.【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。2.The new road built in this month is more than three times _ width of the old one that was built in 2011.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：本月修建的

29、新公路的宽度是2011年修建的旧公路的三倍多。用于比较句型中，表特指用the。考点五、零冠词的用法1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.这所学校的校长Peter Spen

30、ce博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。A year can be divided into four seasons spring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.天下没有免费的午餐。5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加

31、冠词。He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。1.Jogging every morning is _ good habit.Stick to it, and youll make _ great progress.Aa; / Ba; aCthe; a D/; /【答案】A【解析】句意：每天早上慢跑是个好习惯。坚持下去，你就会取得很大进步。“_ good habit”泛指“一个好习惯”，第一空应用不定冠词a；progress为不可数名词，make progress为固定词组，表示“取得进步”，第二空

32、不填。故A项正确。2.I started as _ office clerk, and turned _ department manager three years later.Athe; the Ban; aCan; / Dthe; /【答案】C【解析】句意：我从一名办公室职员做起，3年后成了部门经理。_ office clerk表示“一名办公室职员”，用不定冠词an; turn表示“变成”时后面作表语的名词前不用冠词。（单句语法填空）1How do you find the guy who took _ office last week?Hes always finding _ faul

33、t with others.A/; a Bthe; aC/; / Dthe; /【答案】C【解析】句意：“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样？”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，两者均为固定短语，故两个空均不填冠词。2Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.Aa; / Bthe; theCa; the D/; /【答案】A【解析】句意：很明显，动物是比人类更低级的生命形态。第一空用a修饰form，意为“一种”，第二空man是泛指，表示“人类”，前面不需要冠词。

34、故选A项。考点六、在语法填空中判断冠词考点的运用方法1 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：(1)泛指一类人或物，表示概念“一”；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。(2022雅礼中学模拟二)While eating is functional, and our bodies need the fuel that food provides, dining with friends or loved ones can be _ enjoyable experience. However, some of

35、 us often find ourselves reserving a table for one in a restaurant.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。experience是可数名词，此处泛指“一种愉快的体验”，且enjoyable的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。1(2022泰安市全真模拟)So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes _ essential activity in this festival.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。activity是可数名词的单数形式，此处泛指“一项重要的活动”，且essent

36、ial的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。2(2022苏州八校三模)Deng joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training as _pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。pilot是单数可数名词，此处泛指“一个飞行员”，应用不定冠词修饰，故填a。方法2 定冠词the分析句子结构，发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。用定冠词the的常考点：(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前以及有only、 very、 s

37、ame等修饰的名词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在西洋乐器名词前；(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在几世纪几十年代”。(2022连云港市模拟二)In _ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five continents.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。In the 1920s and 1930s“在二十世纪二三十年代”，为固定搭配。1(2022安庆市二模)These 24 solar terms were soon absorbed into The Taichu calendar,

38、the first well documented calendar in _ history of China.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指在中国历史上，应用定冠词the。2(2022襄阳五中适应性考试二)_outside of buildings was decorated with stone lions, screen walls, decorative columns, as well as flowers.【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指古建筑的外部，outside前应用定冠词The。方法3 固定搭配中的冠词固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的

39、名词前用冠词。(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中：at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance, make the most/best of, on the spot等；(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中：catch a cold, have a fever, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, as a result, have a gift for, make a living, give sb a lift, have a good knowledge of等；(3)动

40、词(catch/take/hit等)sb介词the身体部位。1.(2022烟台市考前热身)That led to _ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。根据句中的increasing number of可知，此处应用不定冠词an，短语an increasing number of 表示“越来越多”。2.(2022滨州市二模)Olive oil has proven to lower the amount of bad cho

41、lesterol (胆固醇), which has _ positive impact on the body.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。短语have an impact on表示“对有影响”，名词impact前有形容词positive修饰，故填a。1(2022辽宁省辽南协作校三模)Although someone may hang up on you, dont stop on _ first try!【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。first为序数词，此处应用定冠词the，on the first try意为“第一次尝试”。2(2022武汉市模拟)After 82 days, cycli

42、ng _ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。固定短语a total of 意为“总共”，故填a。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【江苏省连云港市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研】In ancient times, seals were regarded as _ guarantee of authenticity(真实性).【答案】考查冠词。句意：在古代，印章被视为真实性的一种保证。guarantee

43、为可数名词，泛指一种保证，guarantee首字母的发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。2.【2023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】Establishing a name for himself as _42_ one and only live fashion illustrator, Deng traveled from Qingdao to Jingdezhen to explore the clever cosmos of ancient Chinese ceramic vase patterns.【答案】考查冠词。句意：邓为自己树立了一个独一无二的时尚插画家的名声，他从青岛前往景德镇，探索中

44、国古代陶瓷花瓶图案的巧妙世界。结合句意表示“独一无二的”可知短语为the one and only。故填the。3.【2023江苏省高邮市第一中学月考】The agronomist (农学家) spent over five decades researching and improving hybrid rice, which has reached its third generation, helping China work _62_great wonder feeding nearly one-fifth of the worlds population with less than

45、 9 percent of the worlds total arable (适合耕种的) land.【答案】考查冠词。句意：这位农学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，杂交水稻已经发展到第三代，帮助中国创造了一个巨大的奇迹用不到世界总耕地的9%养活了世界近五分之一的人口。wonder“奇迹”是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且great的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。4.【2023河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】 Just as they were about to reach _46_ other side of the river, the rat jumped off the oxs back and crossed the finish line first. So, the rat became the top of the zodiac animals, and the ox had been tricked into the second place.【答案】考查冠词。句意：就在他们快要到达河对岸的时候，老鼠从牛背上跳了下来，第一个越过了终点线。此处特指两边中的另一边，应用the other。故填the。5.【2023内蒙古包头市高三调研】It is believed that Pica