考点24阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）---备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

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1、考点24 阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布考点题型细节理解阅读理解2023 试卷类型阅读考点2023新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、33细节理解2023年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35细节理解20222022新高考I卷阅读22、25、26、27、32、33细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34细节理解20212021新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、27、28、

2、30、32、33、34细节理解2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中的细节理解的考查共计48次，主要考查：1根据阅读文章理解文中的直接信息；2根据阅读文章理解文中的间接信息（主要识别同义句表达）；3. 根据文章内容进行简单的计算；4. 根据文章信息进行过程或时间顺序的排列；5. 根据文章信息查找本文内容相同的部分；【备考策略】系统归类细节理解的方法，尤其是同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】2024年阅读理解对细节理解的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查直接信息、间接信息（同义句表达）和数字计算。【2024年高考命题预测】细节理解之间接信息考点是高考中的必考点。

3、直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2024高考中，间接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。【细节理解之间接信息考点指南】命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判

4、断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。 间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。 1.2023新高考全国卷ABike rental & guided toursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most econo

5、mical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over

6、2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.Prices

7、Hand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour

8、on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.()21.What is an advantage of MacBike?A.It gives children a discount.B.It offers many types of bikes.C.It organizes free cycle tours.D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.【题干定位】关键词 advantage【文章定位】We offer

9、the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.【选项关键词】 many types of 【同义句表达手段】many types of =a wide variety【答案定位】 advantage It offers many types of bikes【正确选项】B2.2023新高考全国卷CThe goal of

10、this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundatio

11、ns of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.()28.What is the book aimed at?A.Teaching critical thinking skills.B.Advocating a

12、 simple digital lifestyle.C.Solving philosophical problems.D.Promoting the use of a digital device.【题干定位】关键词 be aimed at【文章定位】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this p

13、hilosophy if you decide its right for you.【文章中的关键词】 The goal of this book【同义句表达手段】be aimed at =The goal of this book【内容定位】 to make the case for digital minimalism【选项关键词】Advocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 )；为辩护【同义句表达手段】Advocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 )；为辩护=make the case for为辩护；提出理由【正确选项】B3.B【2022新高考I卷】L

14、ike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went ba

15、d. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly

16、good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.

17、In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like

18、12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise w

19、ould have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekl

20、y shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.【题干定位】关键词a consequence of food waste【文章定位】（第三段）Producing food tha

21、t no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.【相同关键词】 food waste【答案定位】food waste is an environmental problem【正确选项】B. Environmental harm6. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugu

22、la into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.【题干定位】关键词Curtins company do【文章定位】（第四段）Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.【相同关键词】do-recover，turn Curtin-Curtin【答案定位】D. It makes mea

23、ls out of unwanted food.7. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【题干定位】Curtin suggest people do【文章定位】（第五段）Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food tha

24、n necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.【相同关键词】suggest-says Buy only what is needed-not purchasing more food than necessary（同义句）【答案定位】A. Buy only what is needed.【答案】 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房

25、的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。5. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in

26、the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,

27、500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的

28、食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。7. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says

29、.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。4.D【保定一模】Extremely energetic light from space is an unexplained wonder. Scientists dont know where that light comes from, exactly. And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma（伽马）rays，at higher en

30、ergies than ever before.You cant see gamma rays with your eyes. They are much more energetic than the light that we can see. So you need a fancy detector to spot them. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It searches for extremely high energy gamma rays.

31、Scientists have spotted 12 gamma-ray hot spots. These are parts of the sky from which the gamma rays are sent out. Those hot spots show that our galaxy, the Milky Way, has powerful particle accelerators（加速器），But those particle accelerators arent made by humans. Instead. they come from violent events

32、 in the universe. They might be exploding stars, for example. Such violent events make electric and magnetic fields，which can speed up protons（质子）and electrons. Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other matter in space, fo

33、r example.Scientists arent sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed. But the new observations point to two possibilities. One hot spot was associated with the Crab Nebula, Thats the remains of an exploded star. Another possible source was the Cygnus Cocoon, Thats a regio

34、n where massive stars are forming. The stars send out intense winds in the process.LHAASO is located on Haizi Mountain in Chinas Sichuan province. It is not yet fully operational. Its due to be completed later this year. Then, it could find even more gamma rays. 32.What can we learn about gamma rays

35、?A. They are invisible.B. They are often ignored.C. They contain little energy.D. They are used to explore universe.【文章内容定位】You cant see gamma rays with your eyes.（你看不到伽马射线。）关键词cant see【选项A】A. They are invisible.（他们是看不见的）关键词invisible（看不见）【逻辑思维对接】关键词cant seeThey are invisible.（他们是看不见的）利用反义手段，进行同意句表达反

36、义表达改写选项关键词invisible（看不见）34.Which word can describe the astronomical observation mentioned in this text?A. Disappointing.B. Exciting.C. Accurate.D. Unconfirmed.【文章内容定位】Scientists arent sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed.（你看不到伽马射线。）关键词arent sure【选项D】D. Unconfirmed（不确

37、定的）关键词Unconfirmed（不确定的）【逻辑思维对接】关键词arent sureUnconfirmed（不确定的）利用同义手段，进行同意句表达同义表达改写选项关键词Unconfirmed（不确定的）【学以致用】【2022年新高考全国卷】BWe journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people dont even realize its new. For them, its just normal.This hit home for me as

38、I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a childrens book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As

39、I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.Whats up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was ha

40、ppening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. Its an outdated, lif

41、eless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. Ive even built websites. Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: Ive spent little time in front of a cam

42、era, since I have a face made for radio. But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my

43、head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.5Why did the kid poke the storybook?AHe took it for a tablet computer.BHe disliked the colorful pictures.CHe was angry with his grandpa.DHe wanted to read it by himself.6What does the author think of himself?ASocially ambitious.

44、BPhysically attractive.CFinancially independent.DDigitally competent.7What can we learn about the author as a journalist?AHe lacks experience in his job.BHe seldom appears on television.CHe manages a video department.DHe often interviews internet stars.【答案】5A6D7B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者

45、给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。5细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时

46、候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。6细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. Ive even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选

47、D。7细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: Ive spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。规律方法：如何解决间接细节题？做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题识别题干中的关键词，找出文章中相应内容的同义词，有时从选项中找关键词，然后定位文章中的同义词。细节题的设题方式：(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many).例如：When / Where did the story happen?What did the author think about after getting up? Who is Lucy according to the passage?Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?