考点45 完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

《考点45 完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点45 完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考点45 完形填空完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）考点45 解题方法解题方法方法1细研首句定主旨方法2前瞻后望重语境方法3熟词生义需重视方法一细研首句定主旨完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。1利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。【典例1】 (2022全国甲卷首句)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats h

2、is dogs.直接信息首句提出了一个观点：你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多。由此可以基本判定，本文应是记叙文。预测信息下文很可能围绕“某个人如何对待他的狗”这一话题展开，表达作者的情感体会。2利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。【典例2】(2020全国卷首句)Since our twins began learning to walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.直接信息首句交代了人物(who)I, my w

3、ife, our twins和事件(what)谎称玻璃推拉门是窗户。预测信息根据这些信息，我们可以这样设问：他们为什么要对孩子们说玻璃推拉门是窗户呢？这难道不是谎言吗？这样又会带来什么后果呢？阅读文章，我们可以在下文叙述中找到这些疑问的答案。方法二前瞻后望重语境完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。【典例1】(2022全国乙卷节选)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.

4、For them, theres something highly exciting about 41 someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43.exposed41AfollowingBtakingC

5、escapingDdirecting42AcleverBbadCscaredDquick【解析】41由上文 playing games of hide and seek (玩捉迷藏游戏)和下文making oneself unable to be seen的提示可知，此处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。故选C。42根据下文 They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies可知，幼儿园小朋友不擅长(bad)躲藏。故选B。【典例2】(2021新高考卷节选)T

6、his was 50 than it sounds.51Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id 52expected50AharderBbetterClongerDcheaper【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据节选部分最后一句中的it was all a little more high-pressure than可知，这项工作比“我”所意料的有更多的压力。

7、由此可知，空处所在句是说这项工作要比听上去更难。A项意为“更困难的”，故A项正确。方法三熟词生义需重视一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。【典例1】(2021新高考卷节选)Finally , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he _50_ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a

8、 tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, hed slid down the trunk and was back on the ground. 50AbackedBdivedCshoutedDinched50考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the

9、honey is difficultand often _”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。【熟词新义】inched缓慢移动【典例2】(2023新高考全国卷节选)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget. T

10、hey could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43 wanted to take her with them.()43.A.desperatelyB.temporarilyC.secretlyD.originally43.A根据前文“I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws)website from a family in Topeka.”可知,这一家人要搬到弗吉尼亚州,负担不起狗的运输费用,但极其想带上Tiffy,因此上网发帖求助。desperately极度地

11、; temporarily暂时地; secretly秘密地; originally最初地。故选A项。【熟词新义】desperately adv. 不顾一切地；极度地。【典例3】(2023高考全国甲卷节选)Marios wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was perfect.句中：cloudy意为：浑浊的。【典例4】(2021新高考卷节选)Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜)

12、ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.48AjoysBideasCrolesDchoices【解析】本题可以利用熟词生义和语境推测法解题。根据下文的 Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.可知，“我们”在工厂的职责很简单。role角色(熟义)；职责(生义)。故选C。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】Every year Id read over 2,000 college applications from s

13、tudents all over the world. It is quite 41 to choose whom to admit. 42 ,in the chaos of SAT scores and recommendations, one 43 is always irresistible in a candidate：kindness.The most surprising 44 of kindness Ive ever 45 came from a student who had excellent scores and a supportive recommendation fr

14、om his college counselor(顾问).Even with these qualifications, he might not have 46 .But one letter of recommendation caught my eye. It was from a school security 47 .Letters of recommendation are typically written by people like former presidents, celebrities, and Olympic athletes.The security guard

15、wrote that he supported this students admission because of his 48 . This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff. He turned off lights in empty rooms, consistently 49 the hallway monitor each morning and tidied up the classroom after his peer

16、s left school 50 nobody was watching. This student, the security guard wrote, had a(n) 51 respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power.It gave us a 52 onto a students life in the moments when nothing “counted”. That student was admitted by unanimous(一致的)vote of

17、 the admissions committee.Next year there might be a flood of security guard recommendations 53 this essay. But if it means students will start paying as much 54 to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals and teachers, Im happy to help start that 55 .25641AdecentBdifficu

18、ltCdelicateDdesperate42AHoweverBOtherwiseCBesidesDTherefore43AabilityBqualityClimitationDassumption44AsignalBimageCappearanceDindication45Acome outBpick upCcome acrossDbring up46Astood upBstood outCgiven upDgiven out47AguardBteacherCprincipalDcounselor48AwisdomBbraveryCencouragementDconsideration49A

19、botheredBansweredCvisitedDthanked50Aas ifBnow thatCeven ifDin order that51AdemandingBamusingCrefreshingDpuzzling52ApassionBtroubleCmethodDwindow53Adue toBin need ofCexcept forDalong with54AmoneyBnoticeCattentionDcuriosity55ApolicyBtrendCarrangementDcareer【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者每年都要审批来自世界各地的2000多份大学

20、申请。要选择录取谁是相当困难的。然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。一名保安因为一名学生的体贴和尊重而写了一封推荐信。41B A. decent体面的；B. difficult困难的；C. delicate脆弱的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“Every year Id read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world.(每年我都要阅读来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请)”可知，申请人很多，所以要选择录取谁是相当困难的。故选B。42A然而，在SAT分数和推

21、荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。后文“is always irresistible in a candidate”提到了不可抗拒的品质，与上文很难选择录取谁构成转折关系，应用however。故选A。43B然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. ability能力；B. quality品质；C. limitation限制；D. assumption假设。后文“is always irresistible in a candid

22、ate: kindness”可知，善良是一种品质。故选B。44D我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A. signal信号；B. image图像；C. appearance外表；D. indication表现，指示。根据后文“of kindness”可知，这里指善良的表现，应用indication。故选D。45C我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A. come out出版；B. pick up捡起；C. come across遇见；D. bring up提出。根据上文“

23、of kindness Ive ever”可知，这里指作者遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现。故选C。46B即使有这些资历，他也未必能脱颖而出。A. stood up站立；B. stood out突出；C. given up放弃；D. given out分发。根据上文“Even with these qualifications, he might not have”可知，有了好的资历，按理说可以在申请人中脱颖而出，故选B。47A A. guard保安；B. teacher老师；C. principal原则；D. counselor顾问。根据后文“The security guard wrote”可

24、知，信来自学校保安。故选A。48D保安写道，出于他的体贴，他支持这名学生入学。A. wisdom智慧；B. bravery勇敢；C. encouragement鼓励；D. consideration考虑，体贴。根据后文“This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff.(这个年轻人是学校里唯一一个知道警卫人员名字的人)”可知，学生很体贴，会记住一个普通人的名字。故选D。49D他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），

25、在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A. bothered打扰；B. answered回答；C. visited参观；D. thanked感谢。根据上文“He turned off lights in empty rooms, consistently”可知，学生很有礼貌，在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），故选D。50C他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控，在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A. as if好像；B. now that既然；C. even if即使；D. in order that为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，引导让

26、步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选C。51C保安写道，这个学生对学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬，不管他们的地位、声望或权力如何。A. demanding要求高的；B. amusing有趣的；C. refreshing令人精神振奋的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文“respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power”可知，这个学生尊重每一个人，对学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬（极其尊重他人），故选C。52D它为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们一

27、窥学生生活中那些“无足轻重”的时刻。A. passion激情；B. trouble麻烦；C. method方法；D. window窗户。根据后文“onto a students life”可知，指学生生活的窗口，故选D。53A由于这篇文章，明年可能会有大量的保安推荐。A. due to因为；B. in need of需要；C. except for除了；D. along with和一起。根据“this essay”可知，明年可能会有大量的保安推荐是因为这封推荐信。故选A。54C但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A. money钱；B. no

28、tice通知；C. attention注意力；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后文“to the people who clean their classrooms”指关注打扫教室的人，短语pay attention to表示“注意”。故选C。55B但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A. policy政策；B. trend趋势；C. arrangement安排；D. career事业。上文“to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals an

29、d teachers, Im happy to help start that”提到学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，这是一种趋势。故选B。2.【2023山东省实验中学高三二模】As usual, Lily bought expensive gifts for her children Alice and Peter before Christmas. Her job kept her busy, and she 41 got to see her children during weekdays. Being a mother, she always wanted to be

30、42 her children, but she placed her 43 first, thinking earning money was more important.Lily 44 the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas since she had to attend a business meeting the next day. 45 , a day later, the meeting got canceled. Lily was 46 she could spend Christm

31、as with her family. Therefore, she decided to 47 a party. Lily sent 48 to all her friends and her father-in-law, Michael. Lily was worried her friends would not feel 49 in the presence of aged people. Later that day, her children noticed the gifts she had bought. Unexpectedly, neither of them seemed

32、 50 to open the gifts.On Christmas Eve, Lily 51 her friends into her house. However, she felt 52 when she saw Michael walking in. On arrival, Michael gave Alice and Peter presentssome cookie molds (模具)! The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great 53 for his gifts, asking him to ba

33、ke cookies with them.All the guests present were moved by the scene. Lily 54 all they want is their parents time and 55 not what their parents buy them.41AusuallyBrarelyCalwaysDnever42AaroundBbeyondCwithoutDfor43AfamilyBheartCbodyDjob44AwatchedBlaidChidDmade45AFortunatelyBEventuallyCSuddenlyDAmusing

34、ly46AshockedBtouchedChappyDfree47AattendBthrowCdelayDrule48AblessesBregardsClettersDinvitations49AconfidentBwarmCrelaxedDcool50AshyBworriedCeasyDeager51AwelcomedBledCsignaledDwaved52AuncomfortableBrefreshedCsurprisedDcalm53ArespectBpityCenthusiasmDlove54AnoticedBrealizedClearnedDwitnessed55AmoneyBpa

35、ssionCknowledgeDattention【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了莉莉工作很忙，很少陪孩子，圣诞节来临时，她给孩子们准备了礼物，但是孩子们对莉莉的礼物并不渴望，而是对爷爷带来的礼物非常感兴趣，这样莉莉意识到孩子们需要的是父母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物。41B A. usually通常；B. rarely很少；C. always总是；D. never从不。根据上文“Her job kept her busy”可知，她的工作很忙，所以很少在工作日见到她的孩子，故选B。42A A. around围绕；B. beyond超过；C. without没有；D. for为

36、了。根据上文“Being a mother”和常识可知，作为妈妈，都想和自己的孩子在一起，故选A。43D A. family家庭；B. heart心；C. body身体；D. job工作。根据下文“thinking earning money was more important”可知，此处是把工作放在第一位，故选D。44C A. watched观看；B. laid放置；C. hid隐藏；D. made制造。根据下文“the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas”可知，此处是把礼物藏起来，故选C。45A

37、A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Eventually最终；C. Suddenly突然；D. Amusingly有趣地。根据下文“the meeting got canceled”可知，会议取消了，她可以和孩子一起过圣诞节，所以是幸运地，故选A。46C A. shocked震惊的；B. touched感动的；C. happy高兴的；D. free自由的。根据下文“she could spend Christmas with her family”可知，能和家人一起过圣诞节，应该是高兴的，故选C。47B A. attend参加；B. throw举办；C. delay耽搁；D. rule控

38、制。根据下文“a party”可知，她可以和家人一起过圣诞节，因此是决定举办一个聚会，故选B。48D A. blesses祝福；B. regards问候；C. letters信件；D. invitations请柬。根据上文可知，她决定举办一个聚会，应该是邀请亲戚朋友，故选D。49C A. confident有信心的；B. warm温暖的；C. relaxed自在的；D. cool冷静的。根据本句“Lily was worried her friends would not feel in the presence of aged people.”的语境可知，应该是担心朋友们在老年人面前不自在，

39、故选C。50D A. shy害羞的；B. worried担心的；C. easy容易的；D. eager急切的。根据上文“Later that day, her children noticed the gifts she had bought.”可知，出乎意料的，孩子们并未着急开礼物，故选D。51A A. welcomed欢迎；B. led领导；C. signaled示意；D. waved挥手。根据前文可知，莉莉举办圣诞节派对，邀请朋友来，所以这里应是欢迎朋友，故选A。52A然而，当她看到迈克尔走进来时，她感到很不舒服。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. refreshed清爽的；

40、C. surprised惊讶的；D. calm镇静的。根据下文“The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great for his gifts, asking him to bake cookies with them.”和下文孩子对自己的礼物并不感兴趣可知，这里是感到不舒服的，故选A。53C 两个孩子高兴地跑到爷爷那里，对爷爷的礼物表现出极大的热情，请爷爷和他们一起烤饼干。A. respect尊重；B. pity同情；C. enthusiasm热情；D. love爱。根据上文“On arrival, Michael g

41、ave Alice and Peter presents some cookie molds (模具)! The two kids ran happily to their grandfather”可知，孩子们对爷爷的礼物表现出极大的热情，故选C。54B莉莉意识到他们想要的只是父母的时间和关注，而不是父母给他们买的东西。A. noticed注意；B. realized意识到；C. learned学习；D. witnessed见证。根据下文“all they want is their parents time and not what their parents buy them.”可知，此处

42、是莉莉最后意识到了孩子需要的是父母的陪伴，故选B。55D A. money金钱；B. passion热情；C. knowledge知识；D. attention关注。通读这篇文章可知，孩子们需要的是父母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物，故选D。3.【2023天一大联考广东省高三模拟考试（三）】After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to save it.Dolphins typically travel in 41 call

43、ed a “school” , although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are 42 , they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be 43 , both for dolphins and humans.Dolphins can beco

44、me 44 rather than feed on their own. 45 , dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can 46 boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves 47 .After 48 that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a

45、 residential area with 49 for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries Service decided to 50 . Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that could 51 the dolphin out of the creek.Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said

46、,“ The 52 was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal. We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing, so we had somebody behind us that was 53 a boat, revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the 54 to swim through the bridge on its own.”The 55 was successful, with t