2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-专题十四宾语从句和定语从句.docx

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1、专题十四宾语从句和定语从句【考点一】宾语从句宾语从句的“三个要素”要素要点举例时态主句是现在时, 从句根据实际情况确定I think (that) spring is a great season. 通常情况下, 主句是过去时, 从句用过去的某种时态She said she would come to my party. 从句表示客观真理时, 总是用一般现在时The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth. 语序从句一律用陈述语序, 即“主语+谓语”结构引导词that(在口语或非正式文体中常省略)He tells me (that) h

2、e is going shopping this Sunday. whether, if(在口语中常用if)Lets see if/ whether we can find out some information about that city. who, what, which, when, where, how, why等Do you know when the shop opens every day? 【语法串记】巧记宾语从句的时态主句如是现在时, 从句时态很随意; 主句若是过去时, 主从时态要一致; 宾从表达是真理, 一般现在没问题。巧记宾语从句的引导词that引导陈述句, 省与不

3、省没关系。从句含义为“是否”, 就用if/whether来引导。特殊问句作宾语, 原疑问词引导就可以; 时态、语序要注意, 切莫丢东忘了西。【考点二】定语从句在复合句中, 修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后, 但翻译成汉语时, 要把修饰语放在前面。引导定语从句的词叫关联词, 也叫引导词。如: 先行词、关联词在句中的作用如下: 先行词关联词作用举例人that, who, whom主语或宾语Do you know the girl who/that is wearing a red coat? (作主语)I dont know the g

4、irl who/that/whom you are waiting for. (作宾语)物that, which主语或宾语The schoolbag that/which is on the desk is mine. (作主语)The school that/which we visited is very beautiful. (作宾语)人whose定语The boy whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. 物whose定语The house whose window is open is very nice. 时间when状语I stil

5、l remember the day when you come here. 地点where状语This is the factory where my father works. 原因why状语Do you know the reason why he was late? 【拓展迁移】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时, 从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如: The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. 刚开走的火车是开往深圳的。2. 当先行词被序数词、最高级、不定代词或the only, the last, the same等词修饰时,

6、引导词一般用that, 而不用which。如: It is one of the most beautiful faces (that) I have ever seen. 【语法串记】 只用that的情况the only, the very, the same和疑问; 既指人又表物, 高级、不定和序数。【练真题】一、宾语从句专练(D)1. (2021呼和浩特、包头中考)Do you know he said at the party? Go onIm all ears. A. why B. thatC. whichD. what(B)2. (2021绥化中考)He said that het

7、o Beijing the next month. A. travelB. would travelC. travels(C)3. (2021十堰中考)What did the teacher say just now? He asked me. A. how could I work it outB. when did I go to the libraryC. why I looked unhappy thenD. who I am waiting for(B)4. (2020山西中考)In May, President Xi Jinping spoke highly of the gre

8、at changes of the Fenhe River in Taiyuan. I wonder . Everyone should play a part in making it cleaner and clearer. A. which places he visited B. how we can protect the river C. why such changes have taken place (B)5. (2019青海中考)What did you learn in geography class yesterday? I learned that the sun i

9、n the east. A. was risingB. risesC. rose【明策略】一、宾语从句解题的三个“关键点”1. 语序陈述语序宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序, 否则即为错误。2. 时态把握“三大原则”(1)需要性原则。即主句是现在时, 从句时态据实际需要而定。(2)呼应性原则。即主句为过去时, 从句应用过去的某种时态。(3)特殊性原则。即从句若是客观真理, 无论主句是什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时。3. 引导词看答语即根据答语来判断引导词: 如问内容用what, 问时间用when/what time, 问地点用where, 问原因用why, 问方式用how等。二、定语从句专练(B)1

10、. (2021乐山中考) Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV? Sure. Its a great TV programme brings the habit of reading back into the public. A. whoB. thatC. what(B)2. (2021十堰中考) This is the first birthday gift I received. Ive kept it many years. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. what(B)3. (2021绥化中考)I

11、like smart clothes are made of silk. A. whoB. whichC. what(D)4. (2021黄冈中考)What can we do for the left-home children in the village need help? We could help them with their study online on weekends. A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. who(B)5. (2021铜仁中考)Do you know the boy handwriting won the first in the comp

12、etition? Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor. A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which二、选定语从句的引导词要“三看”一看指人还是物1. 指人用that, who, whom; 2. 指物用that, which。二看在句中作什么成分1. 作主语用who, which, that; 2. 作宾语用who, whom, which, that; 3. 作定语用whose; 4. 作状语用where, when等。三看是否属于特殊情况即引导词只能用that的情况, 如: 1. 先行词是all, something等不定代词时; 2. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时; 3. 先行词既指人又指物时。关闭Word文档返回原板块