2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-专题六形容词和副词.docx

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1、专题六形容词和副词形容词与副词的语法功能词功能举例形容词定语She is a beautiful girl. 表语The meal is very delicious. 宾语补足语You must keep the classroom clean. 副词状语He gets up late today. 后置定语Life here is rich and interesting. 表语Class is over. 多个形容词作前置定语修饰一个名词时, 其先后顺序一般遵循如下规律: 描绘性形容词+形状+年龄或新旧+颜色+地区或产地+材料+用途+名词。我们可以简记为: 描、形、年、颜、地、材、途。形

2、容词与副词比较等级的构成单音节词和部分双音节词后加-er、-est构成比较级、最高级。变化如下表所示: 构成原级比较级最高级一般加-er, -esttallslowtallerslowertallestslowest以字母e结尾只加-r, -stlargelatelargerlaterlargestlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写这一辅音字母, 再加-er, -estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 将y变为i再加-er, -esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest所有多音节和

3、部分双音节词, 其前面加more, mostinterestingmoreinterestingmostinteresting注意: 有些形容词的比较级和最高级变化不规则, 如: 原级比较级最高级good, well (好)betterbestmany, much (多)moremostbad, ill, badly (坏)worseworstfar (远)fartherfarthestfurtherfurthestold (老)olderoldesteldereldestlittle (小; 少)lessleast比较等级变化口诀比较级要变化, 一般词尾加-er。词尾若有哑音e, 直接加 r

4、就可以。一辅重读闭音节, 辅音字母要双写。辅音字母加 y, 要把 y改为i。最高级加-est, 前面加the莫忘记。形容词若是多音节, 只把more, most前面写。1. 极少数由分词变来的单音节的形容词是加more, most。如: tired more tired most tired2. 当强调比较的程度时, 可以在形容词、副词的比较级前使用much, a little, even, still, a lot等。比较等级的几种常用句型结构类型结构意义举例A=Bas+原级+ as与一样She is as tall as her mother. ABnot as/so+原级 +as不及Th

5、e weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan. AB或AB比较级+than比My brother runs much faster than I. 表示程度的递增比较级+and + 比较级越来越My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 两种情况同时变化the+比较级, the +比较级越, 越The more friends I have, the happier I feel. 三者以上the+ 最高级 +范围最Lucy dances best of all in our school

6、. 比较等级用法口诀两者相比用比较, 三者以上用最高。两者若是一个样, as. . . as要用上。甲不如乙加not, 意思与less than差不多。程度递增“越来越”, 比较级用 and来连接。两种情况同时变, The more. . . , the better. . . 是样板。名词变形容词的方法名词构成方法意义举例天气名词-y充满的; 多的cloud cloudywindwindy 方位名词-ern方位的; 朝方的westwesternsouthsouthern称谓名词-ly般的friend friendlymothermotherly时间名词-ly每的weekweeklydayda

7、ily物质名词-en/-y制成的; 般的woodwoodensandsandy 情感名词-ful的; 有的carecarefulbeautybeautiful-y的luckluckyhealthhealthy-less不的; 无的care carelesshome homeless洲与国家名词-n的; 人的America AmericanRussia Russian 名词变形容词的方法口诀名变形, 有多种, 下列情况最常用: 时间、称谓是一种, 一般常把-ly用。天气名词要记清, 后缀-y变成形。情感、方位又一类, -ful, -ern是后缀。形容词后缀有很多, 还有-n和-less。形容词变

8、副词的方法形容词后缀方法举例一般情况-lyquickquickly; slowslowly以y结尾的双音节词变y为i再加-lyhappyhappily; heavyheavily形容词后缀方法举例以y结尾的单音节词-lyshyshyly; drydryly以e结尾开音节词-lywide widely; politepolitely元音字母+e结尾去e加lytrue truly以le结尾去e加yterrible terribly; possiblepossibly特殊变化goodwell形容词变副词歌诀形变副, 有规律, 后缀-ly先记住。辅音加-y结尾的: 单音节的直接加, 多音节的y变i。辅

9、音加-le结尾的; 通常去e只加y。还有一点要注意, “true”是去e加-ly。一、形容词与副词的用法专练(B)1. (2021海南中考) Is everyone here today? No. Two students are because they have a cold. A. angryB. absentC. active(A)2. (2021凉山中考) What do you think of the movie Hi, Mom? Its so that I want to watch it in a second time. A. wonderful B. meaningles

10、s C. natural D. serious(D)3. (2021南京中考)Many of the older buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers havemade them look as good as new. A. carelesslyB. hardlyC. nervouslyD. carefully(A)4. (2021天津中考)It is to say “thank you” very often, even to family members. A. politeB. rudeC. dangerous

11、D. humorous一、用功能法判断用形容词还是副词1. 副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。(如3)2. 形容词修饰名词; 在名词前作定语或在系动词后作表语。(如1, 2, 4)二、形容词与副词的比较等级变化1. (2021扬州中考) The next morning he got up earlier(early) than before to practise football. 2. (2021遂宁中考)The boy is only 10 years old, but he is much taller(tall)than his father. 3. (2021龙东中考) Yuan

12、Longping, one of the greatest(great) scientists in the world, is known as “Father of hybrid rice”. 4. (2021常德中考)Someday Changde will become as busy(busy) as Shenzhen. 二、找准关键词, 判断比较等级1. 句中有than, 通常用比较级。(如1)2. much, even后常用比较级。(如2)3. one of the后常跟最高级。(如3)4. as. . . as中间用原级。(如4)三、形容词与副词比较等级的句型(C)1. (20

13、21新疆中考)Do you know that Tom is one of students in his class? Yes, I do. Hes as as my brother. A. the tallest; tallerB. tallest; tallerC. the tallest; tallD. tallest; tall (A)2. (2021武威中考)Dont keep up with himhe runs than me. A. much fasterB. even worseC. less carefullyD. more carefully(B)3. (2021滨州中

14、考)What do you think of this kind of clay art? Great! I have never seen a one. A. beautifulB. more beautifulC. much beautifulD. most beautiful(B)4. (2021贺州中考) During the exam, you are, mistakes youll make. A. the more careful; the lessB. the more careful; the fewerC. the more careless; the lessD. the

15、 more careless; the fewer(B)5. (2021南京中考)Jogging isthan many sportsto start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest(A)6. (2021达州中考) Which country has apopulation, China or Canada? China. Canada is a lotcrowded than China. A. bigg

16、er; lessB. bigger; moreC. smaller; lessD. smaller; more(B)7. (2021北京中考)The teacher is glad to see that Tony isthan before. A. carefulB. more carefulC. most carefulD. the most careful(D)8. (2021梧州中考)Elsa has rice than Daniel. A. fewB. fewerC. littleD. less(B)9. (2021福建中考)Children usually play this ki

17、nd of word game than grown-ups. A. wellB. betterC. best(C)10. (2021邵阳中考)Our final examination is coming and we are so busy. I agree. We have more exercises to do and time to rest now. A. moreB. fewerC. less三、语境判断法解答比较等级类的试题读懂句意, 抓住题干中的关键信息, 并分析各选项表达的意思, 根据语境和逻辑关系, 即可选出正确答案。比较级的用法1. 比较级用于两者的比较, 其结构是:

18、 含有形容词或副词比较级的主句+than引导的从句(从句中常省去和主句相同的部分), 表示一方超过另一方或低于另一方的情况。2. 比较级+and+比较级: 表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长, 意为“越来越”。3. the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . : 表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而平行变化, 意为“越, 就越”。4. 表示“两者之间较的一个(of the two)”时, 常用“the+比较级”结构。5. 修饰比较级常用的词和短语有: much, even, any, yet, far, a lot, a little, a bit, twice, five times, ma

19、ny times等。【语法心得】_四、名词转化为形容词1. (2021龙东中考)The harder you work, the luckier(luck) you will be. 2. (2021呼和浩特、包头中考) The world is full of exciting and wonderful (wonder)activities that we can try and enjoy. 3. (2021呼和浩特、包头中考) We should treasure our own valuable (value) art and culture, such as shadow play

20、 and paper cutting. 四、如何判断空格处使用形容词1. 位于系动词后作表语, 用形容词。2. 位于名词前作定语, 用形容词。(如2, 3)五、形容词与副词的转化1. (2021包头中考)When the air moves softly(soft), the wind is gentle. 2. (2021龙东中考)Martin went out angrily (angry) when he heard the news. 3. (2020扬州中考)It will take about two months if everything goes smoothly(smoot

21、h). 4. (2020上海中考) Lily asked her son to close the door softly (soft) in order not to disturb others. 5. The CD player will go wrong if you use it carelessly(care). 6. (2020临沂中考) Why do we make mistakes more easily(easy) when we feel tired? 7. (2020德阳中考)Luckily(lucky), the relation between them has become better. 五、如何判断空格处用副词1. 修饰动词用副词。(如16)2. 位于句首作状语, 修饰整个句子用副词。(如7)关闭Word文档返回原板块