2022年中考英语人教版复习学案-题型四短文还原.docx

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1、题型四短文还原第1招逻辑判断理解空前与空后的句子的大意, 根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或线索从选项中选取正确答案。如: Do you know which social app Chinese young people use a lot now? _ Some users use Tik Tok(抖音)and Kuaishou. They think it is fun to share short videos about their lives, while others have other purposes as well. A. I dont like waiting for a pr

2、ogram to end. B. “Short videos” are certainly the most popular. C. But after they buy the products, they may regret soon. D. One of the videos won her about one million fans. E. I can make money with short videos. F. However, some young Chinese feel bored with some short videos. 【解析】第一句是特殊疑问句, 所以正确选

3、项应该是对该问题的回答。又根据下一句“Some users use Tik Tok and Kuaishou. They think it is fun to share short videos about their lives”, 一些使用者使用抖音和快手, 他们认为用短视频分享他们的生活是有趣的。可知选B可以保持文章的连贯性和逻辑性。第2招词汇锁定重点关注空前和空后的名词和动词, 然后在备选项中寻找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。注意一些专有名词和代词, 以及表示时间、年代、地点、名称等的线索词汇。如: Whats causing global(全球的) warming? Is

4、 it man-made? Or are temperatures simply changing naturally? Whatever the case, we can at least try to slow things down. But how? The Wilderness Project has an idea. _. If the earth has more trees, greenhouse gases will be reduced, and this will help stop global warming. A. He was nine when he came

5、up with the idea of planting trees around the worldB. They suggest that we should plant more treesC. Another question is how quickly the sea level will rise D. Many countries are calling on people to plant more treesE. Whats more, they improve human health by producing oxygen(氧气)【解析】空前的The Wildernes

6、s Project是一个环保组织, 此句表示“荒野计划有个办法”, 空后的关键词为trees, 根据锁定的词汇The Wilderness Project、idea和trees可以推测空缺句子表示: 荒野计划这个组织提出了解决全球变暖的方法, 内容和树有关, 所以正确选项为B。第3招关联词切入句段之间常使用不同意义的关联词表示过渡和连接, 使文章连贯、结构层次清楚。 常见的关联词: 表示并列、递进、因果、转折、让步、时间顺序等。如: Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it

7、would be very painful. _Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didnt have toothpaste(牙膏) at that time. A. They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. B. Tooth brushing became popular during the World War . C. Fluoride makes your teeth strong and

8、healthy. D. Today theyre made of soft plastic and are much easier to use! E. To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. 【解析】空后的later表示“之后”, 根据Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important“之后人们了解到清洁牙齿很重要”, 说明第一段的时候人们还不知道刷牙, 牙疼后得将坏牙拔出, 所以正确选项为E。第4招设空在段首空缺处的句子通常是该段的主题句, 需要通读整个段

9、落, 提炼大意。空缺处的句子与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系, 重点阅读空后第一、二句, 锁定线索词, 根据线索词从选项中找到正确答案。空缺处的句子是两个段落间的过渡句, 需要前瞻后望寻找启示, 将上段结尾和下段开始有机地结合起来。如: To speak to people in a foreign language requires courage. Some people are afraid of making mistakes. They never open their mouths. And thats the biggest mistake of all. Now if you h

10、ave courage and are ready to make a few mistakes. What will you say? _Finding a proper topic is half the battle. Some topics, such as the weather and news, work well. But others, such as age, money or peoples look do not. The following are some ways to start a conversation. A. It was nice talking to

11、 you. B. First of all, you have to start a conversation. C. Firstly, be willing to make mistakes. D. Could you speak more slowly, please? E. Did you hear about that terrible forest fire? 【解析】第一段表示“用外语同他人交流需要勇气”, 根据第二段最后一句The following are some ways to start a conversation. 可知空缺句子表示“开始一段对话”, 所以正确选项是B

12、。第5招设空在段中注意结合设空前后的句子, 根据上下文句意或情节的发展来确定正确答案。如: Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. _ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking helps you to hold your interest. A. Use

13、words, not complete sentences. B. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. C. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. D. Write down what you have learned. E. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. F. First, the simp

14、le act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 【解析】根据后文的Second, Third可知空缺处需要含有First等表示“首先”的词, 所以正确选项是F。第6招设空在段尾通常是结论、概括性的语句, 注意表示总结的信号词。与前文在同一主题上形成对比、对立关系。与前文是并列或排比关系, 注意段落一致性原则, 在原文和选项中寻找相关的特征词。如: If you require strength in either body or mind, red may be of

15、 some help to you. Red is the color of heat. It represents power and strong feelings. Wearing red can also make it easier to take action. _A. Warm colors. B. Green can give you energy. C. Blue can also represent sadness. D. You may wonder whether it is true. E. Others think that colors can change pe

16、oples moods. F. This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision. 【解析】此题设空在段尾。整段讲的都是跟red有关的内容, 所以B和C可以排除。根据第一句If you require strength in either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. 如果你的身体或精神需要力量, 红色都能给你一定的帮助。根据第四句Wearing red can also make it easier to take action. 穿红色衣服能使行动变得更

17、容易。根据段落的一致性原则, 可知正确选项为F。(2021连云港中考)There are not many nations that can say their national dish has become international. 1Both are famous all over the world, and both have made the history of Italian food. People have been eating pizza, in one form or another, for centuries. They eat it everywhereat

18、 home, in restaurants, or on street corners. 2Long ago, pieces of flatbread, topped with mushrooms and herbs(香料), were a simple and tasty meal. They were mostly for those who didnt have enough money to buy plates, or who were on the go. In the 18th century, Naples, in southern Italy, had become one

19、of the largest cities in Europe, and it was growing fast. Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work. 3Pizzas were cut to meet the customers needs. They were inexpensive, used easy-to-find ingredients (原料), and could be made with plenty of flavor. It was in Am

20、erica that pizza found its second home. 4Soon, pizza spread across the country with the rapid development of the city. It was increasingly considered as a fast food. People might like New York-style thin pizza, or Chicago deep-dish thick pizza. Some want extra cheese on their pizzas while others onl

21、y like vegetables. 5For a lot of people in western countries, when they cannot decide what to eat, they order pizzas. A. Nobody knows where pizza came from. B. The secret is, almost everyone likes pizzas. C. Italy has two such dishes, spaghetti and pizza. D. A number of people refused to eat pizzas

22、in Italy. E. They needed food that was cheap and easy to eat. F. In 1905, the first pizzeria, Lombardis, was opened in New York City. G. The word “pizza”came from the Latin word “pinsa”meaning flatbread. 第一步: 读全文知大意本文讲述了比萨的历史。第二步: 读答案找关键根据选项中的everyone likes, cheap and easy to eat, the first pizzeria

23、可知本文主要介绍了比萨的产生和受欢迎程度。第三步: 理逻辑定答案1. 【解析】选C。根据“Both are famous all over the world, and both have made the history of Italian food. ”可知, 此处描述的是关于意大利的两种食物, 选项C“意大利有两道这样的菜, 意大利面和比萨。”符合语境。2. 【解析】选G。根据下一句“Long ago, pieces of flatbread, topped with mushrooms and herbs, were a simple and tasty meal. ”可知, 此处句

24、子与面包片有关, 选项G“ 比萨这个词来自拉丁语pinsa, 意思是扁平面包。”符合语境。3. 【解析】选E。根据“Lots of city people were poor and they were always rushing around to look for work. ”以及“Pizzas were cut to meet the customers needs. ”可知, 比萨能够满足城市的穷人的需求, 选项E“他们需要便宜易吃的食物。”符合语境。4. 【解析】选F。根据“It was in America that pizza found its second home. ”可知, 此处与比萨在美国的发展历史有关, 选项F“1905年, 第一家比萨店伦巴第比萨店在纽约市开业。”符合语境。5. 【解析】选B。由“People might like New York-style thin pizza, or Chicago deep-dish thick pizza. Some want extra cheese. . . ”可知, 不同的人喜欢不同种类的比萨, 说明大家都爱比萨, 选项B“秘密是, 几乎每个人都喜欢比萨。”符合语境。第四步: 再次读核答案将所选答案代入文中, 再次通读全文, 重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构, 最终确定答案。关闭Word文档返回原板块