2022届初中英语二轮复习重难点题型讲解训练专题05完形填空之逻辑关系含解析.docx

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1、专题05 完形填空之逻辑关系从完型填空的命题形式来看，每个空都不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度来说，完型文章实际上是由已知信息和未知信息构成。通过相关已知信息提供的线索进行分析总结，结合选项定位出答案，这就是完型解题的基本方法。而相关已知信息一般在上下句之中，而上下句之间往往有明显的逻辑关系，因此熟练把握这种逻辑关系就成为解题的关键所在。逻辑关系题是完型填空的重要考查点，且容易得分，故成为完型的重要得分点。完型中主要考察的五大逻辑关系为：对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和递进关系。Part 1 综述一、对立关系包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but,

2、however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, notbut等。如：He must store a large quantity of grain _ consuming all his grain immediately.A other than B as well as C instead of D more than答案：C解

3、析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“储存了大量粮食”与空后“消耗所有粮食”形成对立关系，选C instead of。 二、因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, suchthat, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that

4、, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。如：More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, _, children are likely to have less supervision at home.A contrarily B consequently C similarly D simultaneously答案：B解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“更多的家庭是单亲家庭或双工家庭”与空后“孩子在家很少受到监管”之间

5、是因果关系，故所B consequently。 三、并列关系常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, sameas等。如：Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their

6、 socioeconomic status, _ as a rejection of middle-class values.A or B but rather C but D or else答案：A解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“没有成功提升社会经济地位”与空后“排斥中产阶级的价值观”都可能是“犯罪”的原因，故空前和空后之间是并列关系，选A, or。 四、总分关系常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example,

7、more specifically等。如：The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _ the trial of Rosemary West.Aas to Bfor instance Cin particular Dsuch as答案：D解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“prominent cases”与空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的关系，总体与部

8、分的关系，可以选for instance和such as，但for instance后面不能直接加名词，such as后要直接加名词，故选D such as。 五、递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等。如：Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speake

9、r may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down._, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.AMoreoverBHowever CPre

10、liminarily DUnexpectedly答案：A解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。此空位于段首，需要考虑本段与上一段的逻辑关系，上一段提到“careless use of words”给交谈带来的障碍，空后则提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困难。前后是递进关系，故选择A moreover。掌握了逻辑关系这一个法宝，完型得分就不再是问题。精讲精练 【例题1】Jack，the postman，pushed his bike towards Mrs. Lis houseHis work for the day was （6

11、7） finished，and now he had only one letter with him to deliver to Mrs. Li. She lived over a mile from the villageWhen Jack had a letter for her，he always finished his days work much laterHe didnt （68） this，but she always asks him in for a cup of teaWhen Jack got into the gate of Mrs. Lis house，he wa

12、s so （69） because he didnt find Mrs. Li working in the gardenShe usually spent most （70） there when the weather was fineHe knocked hard at the door，but there was no answer. Jack felt it very （71） because he knew Mrs. Li hardly left the houseJust then he found that her bottle of milk was （72） in fron

13、t of the doorHe thought perhaps Mrs. Li was ill. Jack tried his best to push through an open window. He went into the house. Mrs. Li was lying on the floor. Jack rushed out of the house, stopped a car and told the driver to telephone a doctor as soon as he got to the village.At last the doctor came

14、in time and Mrs. Li was saved.67Ahalf Balready Calmost Dnever68Asay Bunderstand Cfind Dmind69Aangry Bexcited Cworried Dpleased70Amornings Bafternoons Cevenings Dnights71Ainteresting Bimportant Cstrange Dnecessary72Aonce Bstill Ceven Dalso【答案】CDCBCB【解析】67题答案：C 考查副词辨析A一半；B已经；C几乎；D从不；根据后面now he had onl

15、y one letter with him to deliver to Mrs. Li现在他只有一封信要交给李太太，前面应该是几乎要完成了，故答案是C68题答案：D 考查动词辨析A说；B理解；C发现；D介意；根据前面She lived over a mile from the villageWhen Jack had a letter for her，he always finished his days work much later她住在离村子一英里远的地方，杰克有她一封信，他总是很晚完成一天的工作后面不，应该是不介意这么晚下班，故答案是D69题答案：C 考查形容词辨析A生气；B兴奋的；C

16、担心 的；D高兴的；根据后面because he didnt find Mrs. Li working in the garden因为他没有发现李太太在花园里工作，前面应该是担心，故答案是C70题答案：B 考查名词辨析A早上；B下午；C晚上；D夜里；根据后面 weather was fine天气好时，结合上文下班，可推出应该是下午，故答案是B71题答案：C 考查形容词辨析A有趣的；B重要的；C奇怪的；D必要的；根据后面because he knew Mrs. Li hardly left the house因为他知道李太太几乎没有离开房子，前面应该是很奇怪，故答案是C72题答案：B 考查副词辨

17、析A曾经；B仍然；C甚至；D也；根据Just then he found that her bottle of milk was （72）in front of the door就在这时，他发现，应该是牛奶仍然在门前，故答案是B【例题2】Keeping a good budgetYou may have got much New Year money from your parents and your relatives this yearBut if you dont have a (n) （1） plan for spending it, it could run out very fa

18、stSo you may want to plan a budgetA budget is a plan to （2） where your money goesBudgeting can help you save for the things you want，but cant pay for right nowSounds useful？ Look at the following things before you start your budget：1Every week, there are things we have to pay for, like school lunche

19、s and busesThere are also things we like to spend money on just for fun! These are our weekly expenses（支出）2Since we cant have money for everything, we have to make （3） We need to ask if we really need something or just want it. Needs are what you must have in order to live, like food and water. Want

20、s are things you would like to have or do （4） you can still live without themFor example, cartoons3List what you spend on need-and if there is money left over, you will save for the things you really want. This is called a budget4If you dont have enough money for what you need and want, you may have

21、 to （5） one for the otherNo budget is fixedKeep an eye on yoursMaybe you wanted a comic book，but now you want a video game （6） Your needs may change into wants，or your wants may change into needs，（1）A） attractive B） careful C） creative D） important（2）A） discover B） stop C） care D ）control（3）A） choic

22、es B）money C） efforts D）changes（4）A） or B）and C）so D）but（5）A） focus on B） give up C） rely on D）find out（6）A） ever B） again C）either D）instead【答案】BD AD BC【解析】（1）B 考查形容词，A） attractive 吸引人的B） careful仔细的 C） creative有创造性的 D） important重要的，根据后文So you may want to plan a budget所以你可能想要制定预算推出此处是指要做个仔细的计划，故选B（2

23、）D 考查动词，A） discover发现 B） stop停止 C） care关心 D ）control掌控，根据A budget is a plan towhere your money goes，结合选项，推出句意：预算是一个掌控钱的去向的计划，故选D（3）A 考查名词，A） choices选择 B）money钱 C） efforts努力 D）changes机会，根据Since we cant have money for everything，we have to makeWe need to ask if we really need something or just want it

24、，推出句意：因为我们没有钱买所有的东西，所以我们不得不做出选择，我们需要问一下，我们是不是需要什么东西，或者只是想要，故选A（4）D 考查连词，A） or或者 B）and和 C）so因此 D）but但是，根据you can still live without them你仍然可以和他们一起，可知这跟前文是转折关系，故选D（5）B 考查短语，A） focus on集中于 B） give up放弃 C） rely on依赖 D）find out找到，根据If you dont have enough money for what you need and want，如果你没有足够的钱买你需要的和想

25、要的，那你可能不得不放弃其他的，故选B（6）C 考查副词，A） ever曾经 B） again再次 C）either或者 D）instead代替，根据后面的or，可知是句型eitheror或者或者，故选C【例题3】Dear Dad，Happy birthday to you!On this special day Id like to talk to you （46） a special way. I dont think Im good at （47） you my thoughts face to face, so Im writing to tell you my deep love f

26、or you.Youre not a rich man or a famous person. But in my heart, you are one of the greatest （48） in the world. Im （49） you. Youve （50） been interested in fame and wealth. You do （51） things like paying phone bills on time, and working as a worker in your factory. The smile on your face shows youre

27、pleased with the family. You take good care of my grandparents. You help me with my schoolwork and do some shopping with mum on SundaysIn the past, I didnt care（52）you were with or not. Now I am sorry to say I（53）you my respect before. But I am thankful for what you have done for me.I am quite lucky

28、 that I have （54） a great father. And I feel happy that now I can let you （55） how much I love you. You are successful as a son, a husband, a father and a friend.I wish you happy forever!Lots of love，David46A in B at C by D on47A talking B saying C speaking D telling48A businessmen B man C men D wor

29、ker49A worried about B proud of C afraid of D sorry50A always B ever C already D never51A ordinary B interesting C wonderful D popular52A whether B that C what D where53A will show B dont show C didnt show D have shown54A too B so C very D such55A to know B know C knew D knowing【答案】ADCBD AACDB【解析】46

30、 A 考查介词：根据a special way，结合选项，推测意思是在这个特殊的日子，我想用特别的方式和你谈谈考查短语in a special way，故选A47 D 考查动词：根据you my thoughts face to face，结合选项，推测意思是我认为我不擅长将我的想法面对面地告诉你，考查短语tell sb sth 故选D告诉A谈话，B说，强调说的内容，C将某种语言48 C 考查名词：根据Youre not a rich man or a famous person，这是写给父亲的信，结合选项，推测意思是你是世界上最伟大的男人之一，考查短语one of+可数名词复数，故选C男人A

31、生意人，D工人，单数49 B 考查固定短语：根据But in my heart, you are one of the greatest men in the world结合选项，推测意思是我为你感到骄傲，故选BA担心，C害怕，D对不起50 D 考查副词：根据been interested in fame and wealth，结合选项，推测意思是你从来没有对名利感兴趣故选D从不A总是，B曾经，C已经51 A 考查形容词：根据things like paying phone bills on time，结合选项，推测意思是你做一些平常的事情，比如按时支付电话费故选A平常的B有趣的，C精彩的，D

32、流行的52 A 考查连词：根据you were with or not，结合选项，推测意思是在过去，我不在乎你是否在一起考查短语whetheror not，故选A是否B那个，C什么，D哪里53 C 考查动词：根据you my respect before，结合选项，推测意思是现在我很抱歉地说之前我没有表示我对你的尊敬，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选C54 D 考查形容词：根据a great father，结合选项，推测意思是我很幸运我有这样一个伟大的父亲，故选D这样的，修饰名词A也，B因此，C非常，副词55 B 考查动词：根据I can let you，结合选项，推测意思是现在我很高兴能让

33、你知道我多爱你，考查短语let sb do，故选B【练习1】Dear Ann，Im really anxious, because I cant （61） my backpack. I think I（62）it during the concert, so it （63） still be in the symphony hall. I really need it （64） I will have a math test tomorrow. Its important because it （65）30% to the final exam. I tried to call you （66

34、） your mom said you （67） still at your optometrist appointment （I hope your new （68） look nice） If you （69） an idea （70） it could be, please call meThanks，Linda61 A look for B see C find out D find 62 A drop B will drop C dropped D drops 63 A cant B must C couldnt D might64 A so B because C when D w

35、hy 65 A makes of B take up C makes up D there is 66 A and B but C then D although 67 A are B were C will be D have been 68 A glasses B glass C a piece of glass D one glass 69 A will have B have C are going to have D may have 70 A where B there C here D what【答案】CADBAD【解析】61：D 考查语境理解及动词look for寻找；see看

36、见；find out找出，查明；find 发现结合I think I dropped it during the concert我想我丢在音乐会上了，推出我找不到我的背包了Find强调找的结果，故选D62：C 考查语境理解及时态联系上文 I cant find my backpack，可知我想是我在音乐会期间把它丢了结合语境可知本句描述的是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时态故选C63：D 考查语境理解及情态动词cant不可能；must必须，一定；couldnt不可能；might可能根据itstill be in the symphony hall，推出句意：它可能还在音乐大厅里面Might表示不

37、太可能的推测，故选D64：B 考查语境理解及连词So因此；because因为；when当时；why 为什么；联系下文 I will have a math test tomorrow我明天要做一个数学测验，可知这表示原因，因为我明天有一场数学比赛故选B65：B考查语境理解及动词短语makes of了解，用制造；take up开始从事，占据；makes up弥补，组成；there is 有结合30% to the final exam，可知此处指的是，这次考试占期末考试的30%故选B66：B 考查语境理解及连词And和，并且；but但是，可是；then那么，然后；although 虽然，尽管联系

38、上下文，可知前后是转折关系，我尽力给你打电话，但是你的妈妈说故选B67：B 考查语境理解及时态A 是 B 是 C 将是 D 已经是， 联系still at your optometrist appointment， 可知此处指的是，但是你的母亲说你仍旧和你的验光师在一起结合语境可知本句描述的是过去的状态，故用一般过去时态故选B68：A 考查语境理解及名词A 眼睛B 玻璃 C 一块玻璃 D错误表达， 根据上文still at your optometrist appointment仍然和验光师在一起，可知此处指的是，我希望你的新眼镜看起来不错Glass在表示眼镜的含义是，是可数名词，故此处用复数

39、形式，故选A69：B 考查语境理解及时态A will have一般将来时 B have一般现在时 C are going to have一般将来时 D may have可能有， 根据题干，可知当主句描述将来动作是，if引导的条件状语从句中一般用一般现在时态表示将来动作，故选B70：A 考查语境理解及词义辨析Where在哪儿；there 那儿；here这儿；what什么结合语境，可知前文说到我丢了背包推出此处指的是，我的背包会在哪儿故选A【练习2】In all the worlds cultures, people sing, play instruments, and celebrate wi

40、th music. It plays such an important role in our lives that people devote much time to its study. Experts are finding that because of the （1） our brains deal with music, learning to play an instrument or just listening to music can have a large number of benefitsMusic education has （2） a lot of atte

41、ntion. Learning to play an instrument can help children improve math, science, and language （3） One study in Canada followed childrens IQ scores for nine months, （4） that children who studied music had the biggest test score improvements The secret may lie in the way reading music and playing notes

42、（音符） uses several parts of the （5） ， raising our ability to learn school subjectsMusic is also used for （6） purposes， such as the treatment of diseases which influence memory The secret lies in the way the brain deals with music Thats （7） an old song can remind you of something that happened years a

43、go For patients suffering from diseases like Alzheimers， listening to music can help wake up hidden memories by building up musical pathways to memoriesStudies of the music and brain connection often center on classical music， （8） it activates both the left and right sides of our brains One study ob

44、served peoples brain activity as they listened to music by （9） William Boyce It found that the brain activity was highest during the short breaks between the movements of a piece. During each break, the personsbrain expected what would come next, while organizing what he or she had just （10）. This p

45、rocess is similar to the way our brain organizes information. It may explain why classical music can help improve memory.（1）A way B result C style D step（2）A kept B given C received D collected（3）A marks B skills C points D talents（4）A believing B considering C explaining D discovering（5）A body B brain C head D heart（6）A medical B musical C personal D practical（7）A how B when C why D what（8）A if B since C though D unless（9）A writer B doctor C teacher D composer（10）A heard B sung C said D done【答案】ACBDB ACBDA【解析】（1）A 考查名词，A way方式 B result结果 C style方式 D