2022年中考英语人教版复习学案-专题一名词.docx

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1、专题一名词名词的数1. 可数名词的数(1)可数名词复数的规则变化种类变化读音例词一般情况在词尾加-s在清辅音后读/s/bookbooks, mapmaps在浊辅音和元音后读/z/mouthmouths, brotherbrothers以s/x/sh/ch结尾在词尾加-es/iz/boxboxes, busbuses, watchwatches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es/iz/citycities, familyfamilies以f或fe结尾变f/fe为v, 加-es/vz/knifeknives, leafleaves(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化ooeefootfeet; tooth

2、teetha emanmen; womanwomen; policemanpolicemen; EnglishmanEnglishmen; FrenchwomanFrenchwomen词尾加renchildchildren特殊变化mousemice不变化sheep; deer; Japanese; Chinese2. 不可数名词的数的表达(1)用“数词+量词+ of +不可数名词”表示确定数量。 如: a piece of bread/meat 一块面包/肉; two pieces of paper 两张纸; three bottles of orange 三瓶橘汁; four glasses

3、 of milk 四杯牛奶(2)用much, little, a little以及a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some等来表示不定数量。名词作定语, 一般用单数形式。但man, woman用于名词前作定语时, 其单复数形式要与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如: a man/woman teacher (一位男/女教师), two men/women teachers (两位男/女教师)以o结尾加-es的名词英雄(hero)吃西红柿(tomato)拌土豆(potato), 有意思(es)! 巧记“某国人”的单复数变化中日不变, 英法变, 其余后面-s添。注: Ch

4、inese, Japanese 的单、复数相同; Englishman, Frenchwoman 要把a变为e。 表“量”的名词一般为可数名词, 如piece, bottle, glass, box等, 有复数形式。名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系, 即表示某物是“谁的”。按构成方式可概括为以下三种: 1. - s所有格的构成和用法有生命的单数名词: +s。如: Mikes father 迈克的父亲有生命的复数名词: (1)以s结尾+。如: the teachers room 教师办公室(2)不以s结尾+s。如: the childrens books孩子们的书表示几个人共同拥有: 只在最后一

5、个词后+s。如: Mary and Kates room 玛丽和凯特的房间(共有)表示每人各自拥有: 在每个名词后+s。如: Janes and Toms books 简和汤姆的书(不共有)2. of所有格“名词+of+名词”也可表示所有关系, 构成of所有格。(1)一般说来, 无生命的名词用of所有格the gate of the school 学校的门口; the center of the city 市中心(2)与人的活动有关的名词也可用of所有格。如: the life of the poor穷人的生活3. 双重所有格由s所有格和of所有格连用构成的所有格形式叫双重所有格。结构: 限定

6、词+名词+of+名词的s所有格/名词性物主代词。1. 表示时间、距离、国家等的名词, 用s所有格。例如: map of China中国地图half an hours walk步行半小时。2. 当既要表示所属关系“某人的”, 又需表示数量概念“多少个”时, 就要用双重所有格结构。如: “我朋友的两支钢笔”。【误】two my friends pens【正】two pens of my friends一、名词单、复数专练根据首字母、汉语、英语提示, 完成单词1. (2020 广州中考) He gets up early and exercises every day. Its a good hab

7、it. 2. (2020上海中考)Nowadays, many robots have been used to work in dangerous situations (robot). 3. (2021连云港中考)Visitors/Tourists(参观者)must show their health QR codes and check their temperature before they go into the museum. 4. (2021遂宁中考) Nowadays, people care more about the food safety (安全). 5. (2021

8、杭州中考)As the saying goes, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ”6. (2021宿迁中考) Amy, can you lend me your camera/cameras (照相机) tomorrow? No problem. 7. (2021安徽中考) With the development of technology, space(太空) travel will be a common thing. 8. (2019乐山中考) The worlds longest cross-sea bridgethe Hong Kon

9、g Zhuhai Macao Bridge is considered as “one of the seven wonders(奇迹) of the modern world” by some people. 一、“观帽”“察动”定名词的单复数1. “观帽”观察名词前的“帽子”(1)名词前有a或an, one, this或that时, 该名词要用单数形式。(2)名词前有two, three, these或those, many, a lot of/lots of, one of等时, 该名词要用复数形式。2. “察动”观察谓语动词(1)名词作主语时, 其谓语动词是系动词is/was或者实义动

10、词的第三人称单数形式, 该名词用单数形式。(2)名词作主语时, 其谓语动词是系动词are/were或者实义动词原形, 该名词用复数形式。二、不可数名词专练单项选择(C)1. (2021重庆中考)There are many_ teachers in this primary school. A. womanB. womansC. womenD. womens (B)2. (2021天津中考)His beautiful music has brought _to people all over the world. A. difficultyB. pleasureC. weatherD. dan

11、ger(B)3. (2021江西中考)Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a _about that. A. pilotB. doctorC. singerD. postman(A)4. (2021昆明中考)Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an _in Lijiang, Yunnan. A. educationB. invitationC. informationD. imagination

12、二、巧辨可数名词与不可数名词根据修饰语辨别1. 只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: much, a great deal of, a great/large amount of等。2. 只能修饰可数名词复数的词语有: many, a (great/large) number of, dozens of等。(如1)3. 既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。三、名词所有格专练用所给词的正确形式填空1. (2020苏州中考)These artists(art) design won an international awar

13、d. 2. (2020扬州中考)The writer uses his daughters(daughter) life in his writing. 3. (2020武威中考) Its about one hours(hour) bus ride from my home to the airport. 4. (2019淮安中考) Forty years(year) development has changed Huaian into a modern city. 单项选择(B)5. (2020自贡中考) A boy is flying a kite over there. Who is

14、 he? He is _brother. A. Lucys and LilysB. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily(C)6. (2020青岛中考)Is this hat_? No, the red one is_. A. Lucys; herB. Lucy; herC. Lucys; hersD. Lucy; hers(D)7. (2020内江中考)Peter, how far is it from your home to school? Its only five_walk. A. minuteB. minutes C. minutesD. minutes三、如何确定名词的所有格? 1. 根据名词的功能确定如果该名词后还有一个名词, 且两者之间有所属关系, 前面的名词常用所有格形式。(如2、5)2. 根据后面名词的单复数判断所有格形式(1)根据有无s判断是加-还是 -s。如果名词带有s, 则直接加-; 反之加-s。(如1、3、4、7)(2)根据名词的单复数判断是共有还是分别有。表示共有, 后面的名词通常为单数; 若分别有, 后面的名词通常为复数。(如5)关闭Word文档返回原板块