2022届初中英语二轮复习重难点题型讲解训练专题12阅读理解之综合拓展含解析.docx

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1、专题12 阅读理解之综合拓展Part 1考情分析中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。首先，中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的文章都有所训练，迎合中考命题趋势。其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，对书面语言的理解能力，尤其是获取信息的能力。在阅读技巧上，考生要

2、了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。 Part 2解题思路 1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1）抓住四个W和一个H，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How

3、（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2）抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 3）注意领会文章的寓意。 4）根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。3）重

4、读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。 Part 2常见题型 1.主旨大意题阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。主题句一般具有以下特征：概括全段思想。一般位

5、于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。主旨题常见的命题形式：The main idea of this text may be.This passage is mainly about.The authors purpose in writing this text.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? Whats the topic of the text

6、?The passage gives us is.2.推断题这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。应特别注意以下特征：吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础;推理的根据来自于上下文;不能以自己的观点代替作者

7、的观点;在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to等。推断题常有的命题形式：It can be known from the text that .From the text we know that .The story implies that .The paragraph following the passage will most probably be .The writer suggests tha

8、t.3.事实细节题在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。4.猜测词义题这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中

9、经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式;而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。解这类题时应注意以下特点：注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法

10、。【例题】English has become a global languageSo which country，not including English-speaking countries，speaks English better？ And where does China rank（排名）？A Swedish language education company published their report this monthThe Netherlands（荷兰）ranked first，followed by Denmark and SwedenThese are based

11、on English listening and reading test results of 950，000people from 72countries and areasAccording to the report， China is ranking 39th Out of the whole country， people in Shanghai are the best English speakersThey speak better English than Italians and FrenchHong Kong and Beijing follow Shanghai as

12、 Chinas next best English-speaking citiesShanghai and Beijing rank high because they are international cities However， across China， English ability is different from east to westNow China has 400million English learnersHowever，the teaching of English in some areas is not very goodAccording to Peopl

13、e Daily Online， there are seven primary schools in a town in Hunan province， but only one English teacher Many students still learn English by roteSebastian Magnusson，an officer at the Swedish Embassy（大使馆） in Beijing，gave some adviceSwedish people speak English well and Magnusson himself is also goo

14、d at ChineseHe said TV programs，movies and even computer games could be learning tools Do not limit it to textbooks What matters most is to use what youve learnt， Magnusson also said（1）What country ranked first of English ability in the passage？A SwedenB DenmarkC The United StatesD The Netherlands（2

15、）Which city has the best English speakers in China？A BeijingB ShanghaiC Hong KongD Chengdu（3）What does the underlined part by rote mean？A 死记硬背B 融会贯通C 熟能生巧D 望文生义（4）According to the passage which of the following is true？A Chinese people have high levels of EnglishB Memorization is a good way to learn

16、 EnglishC Some Chinese schools are short of English teachersD Half of the Chinese population is learning English now（5）What can we tell from Magnussons words？A English is difficult for younger students to learnB Learning English from textbooks is not a good methodC Learners should put what they have

17、 learned to practiceD Learners should get help from their teachers and parents【点金】文章介绍了英语在世界各地的分布，并介绍了中国各个城市学英语的情况。1 D 细节理解题，根据The Netherlands （荷兰） ranked first，可知荷兰排名第一，故选D2 B 细节理解题，根据people in Shanghai are the best English speakers，可知在中国，上海人说英语最好，故选B3 A 词义猜测题，根据Many students still learn English许多学

18、生仍然通过来学习英语结合语境缺少英语老师，所以学生没有更好的学习方法，推出划线单词的意思是死记硬背，故选A4 C 细节理解题，根据According to People Daily Online， there are seven primary schools in a town in Hunan province， but only one English teacher人民日报网报道，在湖南省的一个小镇上，有7所小学，但只有一名英语教师可知缺少英语老师，故选C5 C 细节理解题，根据 Do not limit it to textbooks What matters most is to

19、use what youve learnt， 不要把它限制在教科书上最重要的是使用你所学到的东西，所以学习者应该把他们所学到的知识付诸实践，故选C精讲精练【例题1】 How funny would it be to see memes（表情包） in textbooks？ Some students from Chengdu No7High School have made it come true The students wrote a set of creative textbooks that includes five subjectsChinese，English，maths，ch

20、emistry and physicsThey share their notes to help students prepare for High School Entrance Exams in this wayFunny memes can be seen almost everywhere in their textbooks Each textbook has its own style，tooThe English textbook introduces films and TV seriesThe chemistry textbook has wuxia charactersT

21、here is a boy named Shangguan Huaxue in the bookHe meets a girl and they learn chemistry togetherIt also has wuxiastyle notes Yan Zuhuai，a top student at Chengdu No7High School，is the textbooks editorinchief（主编）He got the idea to create the books in June， 2017Many students wanted me to share my note

22、s with themWhen I saw people sharing bikes，I thought I could share knowledge，too Yan said But after putting all of his notes together, he found them boringRealizing that his classmates enjoyed online novels and memes，he decided to add those things to his notesHe wrote guidelines for each textbook an

23、d invited 13 students to join him in creating themThe final versions（版本）of the textbooks came out at the end of DecemberMany publishing houses have shown an interest in them（1）This set of textbooks includes the following subjects EXCEPT_A chemistryB geographyC physicsD maths（2）What can we learn from

24、 the fourth and fifth paragraphs？A Lots of students wanted Yan to share knowledge with themB Yan is one of the worst students in his schoolC Yan invited some students to write guidelinesD The textbooks with online novels and memes are very boring（3）What does this passage mainly tell us？A Yan and his

25、 team are interested in memesB It is difficult for students to create textbooksC Yans textbooks can help students study creativelyD Yan is a popular editorinchief in his school【答案】BAC【解析】1B细节理解题根据第二行includes five subjectsChinese， English， maths， chemistry and physics包括五门科目：语文、英语、数学、化学和物理可知，没有地理选B2A段

26、意猜测题根据第四段 Many students wanted me to share my notes with them When I saw people sharing bikes， I thought I could share knowledge， too Yan said许多学生希望我和他们分享我的笔记当我看到人们共享自行车时，我想我也可以分享知识严说可知，许多学生希望严与他们分享知识选A3C主旨大意题根据第二段第一句The students wrote a set of creative textbooks 学生们写了一套富有创造性的教科书第五段But after putting

27、 all of his notes together， he found them boring Realizing that his classmates enjoyed online novels and memes， he decided to add those things to his notes但是他把所有的笔记放在一起后，他发现它们很无聊意识到他的同学们喜欢在线小说和表情包，他决定把这些东西添加到他的学习笔记中可知，严的教科书可以帮助学生创造性地学习选C【练习1】 Beijing Opera is the most representative of all Chinese t

28、raditional dramatic art forms and the largest Chinese opera formHaving a history of about 200years，it is developed from absorbing（吸收）many other dramatic forms，mostly from the local drama Huiban，which was popular in South China during the 18th centuryIt is a scenic（戏剧的）art integrating music， performa

29、nce，literature，aria，and face paintingTheatrical art forms in many other countries do not present singing， dancing and spoken parts in one single drama An opera singer， for example， neither dances nor speaks on stage；there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play；in a dance drama，the dancer h

30、as no speaking role and does not sing eitherTraditional Chinese drama，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment which includes spoken parts，singing，dancing and acrobaticsIn addition to its presence in China，Beijing Opera has spread to many other placesMer Lanfang，one of the most famous perf

31、ormers（表演者）of all time，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countriesYou will be puzzled（困惑）all the way through and a little bored from time to time；but you will be charmed and interestedYou will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera eve

32、n if you know nothing of the dramatic backgroundThis is how one American traveller described his firs experience in watching Beijing OperaBeijing Opera is Chinas national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditionsWelcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!（1）What makes Beijing Opera different

33、 from theatrical art forms in many other countries？A It has one opera singer on stageB It has one dancer who has no speaking roleC It has already spread to many other countriesD It includes spoken parts， singing dancing and acrobatics（2）People think Mei Lanfang played an important role in the spread

34、 of Beijing Opera because_A he made many tours o a foreign countryB he was a famous Beijing Opera performerC he was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreignersD he made Beijing Opera different from other theatrical art forms（3）From Paragraph 4we know that the American traveler_.A felt bored a

35、ll the wayB thought highly of Beijing OperaC found Beijing Opera interesting at firstD knew the background of Beijing Opera（4）What does the underlined word it mean in the passage？A Beijing OperaB Local dramaC An opera singerD A modern play【答案】DCBA【解析】1D 细节理解题， 根据文中的第2段 Theatrical art forms in many o

36、ther countries do not present singing，dancing and spoken parts in one single dramaAn opera singer，for example，neither dances nor speaks on stage； there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play；in a dance drama， the dancer has no speaking role and does not sing eitherTraditional Chinese drama

37、，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment which includes spoken parts，singing，dancing and acrobatics许多国家的戏剧艺术形式在一个单一的戏剧表演，不存在歌唱、舞蹈和对话部分例如，歌剧演员既不在舞台上跳舞也不说话；在现代戏剧中没有唱歌或跳舞的部分；在舞剧中，舞者没有说话的机会中国传统戏剧，包括北京戏曲，是一种包括口语、歌唱、舞蹈和杂技的娱乐可知 京剧与其它的不同之处是有口语、歌唱、舞蹈和杂技的，故答案D2C 细节理解题，根据文中的第3段 Mer Lanfang，one of th

38、e most famous performers of all time，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries可知Mer Lanfang是北京历史上最著名的演员之一，也是第一位向外国人介绍中国京剧及在国外演出非常成功的人，故答案C3B 细节理解题，根据文中的第4段 You will be puzzled all the way through and a little bored from time to time；

39、but you will be charmed and interestedYou will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera even if you know nothing of the dramatic backgroundThis is how one American traveller described his firs experience in watching Beijing Opera一路上你会感到困惑，有时会感到厌烦，但你会被吸引即使你对戏剧背景一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引这是一位美国旅行者如何描述他第一次观看京剧的经历可知

40、给予了京剧高度的评价，故答案B4A 细节理解题，根据文中的Beijing Opera is Chinas national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions京剧是中国民族的歌剧，它充满了中国文化传统可知 it指的是京剧，故答案A【例题2】 Dear Li Hua， Hows everything going？Congratulations on your graduation from junior high school! I hope you have a great time during the holiday，bu

41、t there is something important for you to think abouta plan for your personal growthHere is some advice for you Firstly，study yourselfUnderstand what you like，what you value and what you want to beIn studying yourself，you check your strengths（长处） and weaknessesFind out what you need to prepare for y

42、our dream job Secondly，write down your planWhen writing，you can try using Mind Maps（思维导图）It is a good way to help you to think more clearlyAnd you may find a proper way to work your plan out Thirdly，go over your plan with your teachers，parents or friendsThey may give you some adviceThink carefully a

43、bout their advice and make some changes to your plan if necessaryAnd then you can go on with it Finally，（4）For example，if you want to be an English teacher in the future，you should spend more time reading English books，learning more about English culture and practicing your listening and speaking fr

44、om now onYou can make your dream come true only through hard work You may find it difficult to make the plan nowDont worryAll you need is just a rough（粗略的）oneOnce you enter the senior high school，youll get a chance to make it better with the help of your teachersAnd your personal growth plan may cha

45、nge with your age， your interests and the social developmentSo take your time and I believe you will grow into an excellent young manBest wishes!Yours, Li Fang（1）The underlined word study in Paragraph 3 probably means _ in ChineseA学习B审视C帮助D调查（2）Which of the following can be the missing part in Parag

46、raph 6？A plan to find a jobB try to be an English teacherC practice EnglishD work hard to realize your dream（3）According to the passage，a personal growth plan in your lifetime may change with the following things except_A your Mind MapsB your ageC social developmentD your interests（4）In the letter， Li Fang mainly wants to tell Li Hua_A how to spend the holiday happilyB how to prepare for his dream jobC how to make his personal growth planD how to review the plan with his friends【答案】DDAC【解析】1D 词义猜测题根据后句Understand what you