05碳中和&生态保护-中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关(全国通用)(解析版).docx

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1、每周时事热点中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关（全国通用）【解析版】05 美好的生活 从环保开始6月5日是世界环境日,是中国第8个环境日。今年的主题为“只有一个地球”。联合国秘书长古特雷斯在2022年世界环境日到来之际发表声明,呼吁人类携手合作,共同保护地球家园。地球是人类赖以生存的家园。20世纪六七十年代以来,随着世界范围内环境污染与生态破坏问题日益严重,环境保护逐渐成为国际社会关注的重要问题。中国积极参与世界环保事业，2030年前实现碳达峰目标，2060年前实现碳中和的目标。碳达峰碳中和目标的达成事关中华民族永续发展和构建人类命运共同体，是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会变革。面对碳达峰碳中和成为国

2、家战略、国家明确“3060”双碳目标和行动方案的背景下，我们的行动将对经济和社会发展产生巨大影响，低碳/脱碳行动不仅导致战略性行业产业链的重构，冲击现存的经济体系，绿色低碳、绿色生活成为未来社会生活的主旋律。【题型速览】一、阅读理解（阅读单选、阅读判断、阅读填表、配对阅读、回答问题、多任务混合阅读、阅读还原）1. 碳达峰/碳中和31) 气候变化（12篇）32) 清洁能源30a) 电动汽车（5篇）30b) 太阳能（5篇）40c) 环保建筑（2篇）51d) 替代能源（2篇）553) 低碳生活60a) 什么是低碳生活（4篇）60b) 网购/APP（3篇）68c) 环保方式（12篇）75d) 环保节日

3、（3篇）99e) 食物浪费（2篇）105f) 低碳生活的故事（3篇）1092. 生态保护1151) 自然环境保护115a) 自然环境（4篇）115b) 水污染（4篇）124c) 塑料污染（1篇）132d) 垃圾污染（1篇）134e) 空气污染（1篇）1362) 地球生物保护138a) 生物保护（7篇）138b) 塑料污染（3篇）1543) 人类环境保护161a) 塑料污染（5篇）161b) 电子垃圾（3篇）171c) 废品回收（5篇）177d) 变废为宝（4篇）187e) 垃圾分类（7篇）195f) 环保故事（4篇）2093. 自然灾害与防范2171) 海啸2172) 飓风2193) 地震22

4、14) 火山爆发223二、完形填空2251. 碳达峰/碳中和2251) 气候变化（2篇）2252) 低碳生活232a) 环保方式（3篇）232d) 环保节日（1篇）2412. 生态保护2461) 自然环境保护246a) 自然环境（2篇）246b) 各类污染（10篇）2532) 地球生物保护（3篇）2853) 人类环境保护295a) 垃圾分类/垃圾清理（3篇）295b) 塑料污染（2篇）304c) 变废为宝/废品回收（3篇）310d) 奥运环保（1篇）317e) 环保故事（2篇）3203. 自然灾害与防范325三、语法选择3271. 环境保护（2篇）3272. 塑料污染/变废为宝/环保节日333

5、/337/3403. 自然灾害与防范344四、语法填空3481. 自然环境保护（3篇）3482. 水资源（2篇）3543. 生物保护/气候变化/环保故事358/360/362五、短文填空（首字母填空、汉语提示填空、语境提示填空、综合填空）364/366/374/3791. 环保故事（4篇）3642. 生态保护/变废为宝374/377六、补全对话381七、语篇翻译382八、读写综合388/391/394/397/400九、书面表达（话题作文、材料作文、电子邮件、演讲稿）403/404/410/411十、报纸杂志时文阅读4161. 留给人类的时间不多了（气候变化）4162. 我们为捡垃圾而跑步（低

6、碳生活顺手捡跑团）4213. 月薪过万！南极邮局招聘新员工，要求：会数企鹅4244. 新研究有助于加强祁连山的生态保护426【阅读理解碳达峰碳中和气候变化】气候变化1Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight. A recent study in the journal

7、 Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about

8、35 percent of Chinas land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇). A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits (排放). Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.Chinas goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and

9、reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air.According to study co-author Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, “the afforestation (植树造林) activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in reaching tha

10、t goal.”1A recent study in Nature shows that _.AChina has serious air pollutionBChina has planted the most trees in the worldCChina has fewer CO2 emissions (排放) nowDChina has planted fewer trees2Carbon sinks will _.Aabsorb more CO2 than they emitBgive off CO2 emissions more quicklyCrelease less CO2

11、into the airDhave no CO2 in their air3According to Xinhua, China _.Ais the worlds largest emitter of CO2Bwill bring CO2 emissions down after 2030Cwill not release CO2 in the futureDwill reach carbon neutrality by 20304Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the passage?AOne way to fight climate is by

12、reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.BTrees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.CNew forests in two parts of China absorbed more carbon dioxide than we thought.D35 percent of Chinas land has been affected byCO2 emission.5What do we know from the story?AIt takes a lo

13、ng time for carbon sinks to form.BClimate change is no longer a serious problem.CMore trees will be planted in China in the future.DChina has beaten climate change.【答案】1C2A3B4D5C【解析】【导语】本文报道了中国的植树造林在应对全球气候变化中起到的重大作用。1推理判断题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxi

14、de absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought”可知，自然杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国现在的二氧化碳排放量减少了，故选C。2细节理解题。根据“A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits. Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere”，可知碳汇吸收的二氧化碳要

15、比排放的多，故选A。3细节理解题。根据“Chinas goal is to peak its CO2 emissions before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2060, Xinhua reported”，可知中国将在2030年后降低二氧化碳排放量，故选B。4细节理解题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than w

16、e thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of Chinas land-based carbon sinks”，可知是说这两个地区森林吸收的二氧化碳量约占中国陆地碳汇的35%，而不是中国35%的土地受到了二氧化碳排放的影响；“35 percent

17、 of Chinas land has been affected by CO2 emission”陈述错误，故选D。5推理判断题。通读全文，结合“Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight”，可知植树造林有利于实现减少碳排放的目标，所以未来会种植更多的树木，故选C。气

18、候变化2The COVID-19 has affected the world. Recently scientists have been meeting online. But not all of them are discussing the virus. Some are discussing climate (气候) change. The use of fuel (燃料), like oil and gas, is causing the earth to warm up. The rising temperatures change weather patterns (模式)

19、across the earth. This causes climate change.Pollution Levels Drop During Lockdown (封锁期)Right now, people are not using as much fuel. They are driving and flying less. Pollution has decreased (减少) in many countries, such as the United States, India and China. This is because of the COVD-19 pandemic.

20、 A pandemic is a worldwide outbreak of a disease.The changes in pollution levels wont last long. Scientists say Chinas pollution decreased between February and March last year. This is because factories stopped running during the lockdown. As the country reopens, though, the pollution is expected to

21、 increase again.Scientists are hoping to find ways to deal with climate change in the long term. They are looking at how peoples behavior has changed. They are also looking at the way the governments respond. Some people say that the outbreak is a reason to make changes in how we deal with climate c

22、hange. They say progress that was made with the environment could be lost.Kenneth Gillingham is a professor at Yale University. He says the pandemic has affected renewable energy. This is energy that can be collected from renewable resources (资源). These include sunlight and wind. “Theres a slowing d

23、own of building new solar (太阳能) farms,” he says. “Some projects are hitting the pause (暂停) button. Other projects may not happen for a long time.”Scientists hope people can realize that the energy problem is also serious and pay more attention to renewable energy.Changing Human Behavior Is the KeyPe

24、ople know that the pandemic is a threat (威胁). But scientists want people to understand that climate change is a big threat, too. Scientists see a connection between humans and natural disasters. These include hurricanes (飓风) and fires. But most people feel disconnected from climate change.Scientists

25、 hope people will learn how the pandemic and climate are connected. Dr. Aaron Bernstein is a professor at Harvard Medical School. He says there is hope in the way the world has responded to the pandemic. For example, people have changed their behavior. They are wearing masks and keeping a safe dista

26、nce with others. He thinks people can change their behavior to help with climate change, too.1According to the passage, the climate change is caused by _.Athe new corona virusBoil and gasCthe rising temperaturesDpollution levels2In many countries, the pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic _.Ahas in

27、creasedBhas decreasedChas stoppedDhas disappeared3Which of the followings is the best to be put on ?AClimate Change Is a Big ThreatBRenewable Energy Needs AttentionCRenewable Energy Stops developingDGovernments Respond to the Projects4What is the writers purpose of writing the passage?ATo remind peo

28、ple around the world of the COVD-19.BTo call on people to pay more attention to climate change.CTo help people focus on the renewable energy like sunshine and wind.DTo warn people not to take off their masks at the moment.【答案】1C2B3B4B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了由新冠疫情带来的人类关于气候与能源问题的思考，号召人们规范自己的行为并关注气候变化。1细节理解题。根据“T

29、he use of fuel (燃料), like oil and gas, is causing the earth to warm up. The rising temperatures change weather patterns (模式) across the earth. This causes climate change.”可知，石油和天然气等燃料的使用正在导致地球变暖，不断上升的气温改变了地球各地的天气模式，这导致了气候变化。故选C。2细节理解题。根据“Pollution has decreased (减少) in many countries, such as the Un

30、ited States, India and China. This is because of the COVID-19 pandemic.”可知，疫情期间污染减少，故选B。3推理判断题。根据该标题下的三段，尤其是“Scientists hope people can realize that the energy problem is also serious and pay more attention to renewable energy.”可知，科学家希望人们能意识到能源问题也很严重，并更多地关注可再生能源。选项B“可再生能源需要关注”符合，故选B。4主旨大意题。本文讲述了由新冠疫

31、情带来的人类关于气候与能源问题的思考，号召人们规范自己的行为并关注气候变化。选项B“呼吁人们更加关注气候变化”符合主题，故选B。气候变化3Climate change is a big problem humans are facing. How can we deal with it? Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and use it to do other things?Recently, SpaceX

32、 founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. Its going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel. It will not only be good for Earth, but “will also be important for Mars,” Musk tweeted. The air on Mars is made up of 95 percent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fu

33、el, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.The idea may sound strange but its not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO

34、2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocke

35、t launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being emitted into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 capture technologies.1What is SpaceX working on?AReducing CO2 emissions.BBuilding a new rocket.CTurning CO2 into fuel.DTraveling long distances on Mar

36、s.2What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds?AIt will take energy from the sun.BIt will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air.CIt will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.DIt will create free catalysts for chemical experiments.3What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AHow CO2 can be turn

37、ed into fuel.BWhere CO2 can be taken.CWhy the program should be carried on Mars.DHow the energy from the sun can be used.4What can we learn from what Stafford Sheehan said?AScientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocket.BRocket launching is an environmentally-friendly activity.CThere will be no C

38、O2 emissions anymore.DSpaceXs idea would be good for the environment.5What is the best title of the passage?AVisit Space with CO2BClimate change we faceCSpace travel in the futureDA new program on Mars【答案】1C2C3A4D5A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化是人类面临的一个大问题，减少碳排放这很重要。文中介绍了SpaceX将会把二氧化碳转化成燃料，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易，也有利于

39、环保。1细节理解题。根据文中“Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. Its going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.”可知，SpaceX是将二氧化碳转化为燃料。故选C。2细节理解题。根据文中“If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the

40、 future.”可知，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易。故选C。3段落大意题。根据文中“According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).”可知，第四段主要讲述了如何将二氧化碳转化为燃料。故选A。4推理判断题。根据文中“If the CO2-based fuel could b

41、e used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being emitted into the air, said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 capture technologies.”可知，SpaceX的想法将有利于环境。故选D。5标题归纳题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了SpaceX将会把二氧化碳转化成燃料，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易。选项A“带着二氧化碳参观太空”符合语境，故选A。气候变化5

42、The climate（气候）doesnt always stay the same. It changes slowly over hundreds or even thousands of years. In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by about 0.75. The Earths temperature is getting warmer faster than ever before. As a result of the changing climate, the worlds ecosystem

43、s（生态系统）are also changing faster. For example, mangrove forests（红树林）and coral reefs in some parts of the world have been reduced rapidly for years. Increasing temperatures have also led to loss of homes for polar bears. So what is causing climate change? The main cause is the huge amount of greenhous

44、es, but the reason for this is the worlds population. As the population increases, more land is needed to provide food, and more energy is needed. Burning fossil fuels（化石燃料）produces CO2. Whats more, we are cutting down forests for farmland, eating a lot of meat and drinking a lot of milk from cows.

45、All of these activities produce a lot of gases and make the Earth hotter. No one knows exactly what is going to happen to it in the future. Lots of CO2, and other gases are now in the air and they will continue to make the Earth hotter for hundreds of years. This means that ice will become water, so

46、 seas will rise and some places will be under water. The weather will be worse and there will be more storms. It sounds very bad, but it is possible to help stop these changes to our climate. We need to stop burning fossil fuels and get enough energy from renewable fuels like solar energy, hydroelec

47、tric（水力发电）energy or wind power to reduce the amount of CO2 in the air. We can also travel less in planes, eat less meat and make changes at home to use less energy. We must do something before it is too late. 1In Paragraph 1, how does the writer tell us the results of the climate change?ABy asking questions.BBy listing numbers.CBy giving examples.DBy comparing reasons.2Why is the global climate changing more quickly?A