12议论文(观点态度、说明利弊、解决问题)-备战2023年中考英语书面表达(写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累).docx

《12议论文(观点态度、说明利弊、解决问题)-备战2023年中考英语书面表达(写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《12议论文(观点态度、说明利弊、解决问题)-备战2023年中考英语书面表达(写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累).docx（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、备战2023年中考英语书面表达（写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累）第四章 议论文观点态度+说明利弊+解决问题简单来说, 议论文就是通过对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论, 阐明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张, 一般由三个要素组成, 即论点、论据和论证。通俗来讲, 就是是什么、为什么和怎么做。在我们写作时, 以下几点需要牢记在心：1. 人称 议论文, 是要自己为自己的某个观点辩护, 或者提出自己的看法, 因此一般都是使用第一人称“I”。2. 分段 议论文一定要分段书写, 根据议论文的组成要素, 我们一般都是按其要素划分成三段, 这样可以使文章的结构更加清晰。3. 逻辑词的使用 议论文很大的特点就是

2、强调逻辑性。因此, 我们要适度使用逻辑词、连词等, 使我们的文章前后紧密相连, 环环相扣。Part 1 观点态度型写法点拨在写作的时候, 我们可以通过以下三部分来写作：1. 表明态度 在陈列别人的观点之后, 要清楚明确地表明自己的态度和立场, 可以支持某观点, 或者不同意某观点, 为下文的辩论做好铺垫。2. 论据支撑论点 这是文章的重要部分。作者立足于自己的观点, 从各个方面证明自己观点的正确性, 可通过反例或者经典例子证明自己的观点是正确的。3. 总结全文 在文章结尾处要总结全文, 再次强调自己观点的准确性, 呼应前文, 使文章的结构更完整。必备词汇1 表示赞成或喜欢approve同意；赞成

3、agree同意share分享prefer更喜欢wise明智的reasonable理智的favorable赞成的admire赞赏appreciate欣赏think highly of高度评价cannot agree more 非常同意2 表示反对或厌恶disapprove不赞成disagree不同意unwise不明智的ridiculous荒唐的foolish愚蠢的childish幼稚的hate讨厌hatred厌恶angry生气的irritated愤怒的必备句型1 表明观点(1) I fully agree with the statement that . because . 我完全同意这种说法

4、, 因为(2) More and more people are talking about whether we should shop online.越来越多的人讨论我们是否应该网上购物。(3) My opinion is that we should spend more time with our family.我的观点是我们应该多花时间和家人待在一起。(4) I think that traditional festivals are much more important than western festivals in China.我认为, 在中国, 传统节日比西方节日更重要。

5、(5) As far as I am concerned, I think that we should pay more attention to environmental protection.就我而言, 我认为我们应该多花时间在环境保护上。(6) Personally, I like to advocate that students should spend more time in exercise.个人而言, 我提倡学生多花时间锻炼。(7) I dont think it is a good idea to lose weight by diet.我认为节食减肥不是个好主意。(8

6、) For me, the former is surely a wise choice.对我来说, 前者无疑是个明智的选择。(9) From where I stand, I support that . 从我的角度来看, 我支持2 陈述理由(1) I hold the view for the reason that . 我坚持这个观点的理由是(2) What is more, it will do good to our environment.还有, 这对我们的环境是有益的。(3) I think that B is a better choice for the following

7、three reasons.我认为B会更好, 有以下三个理由。(4) Firstly, (Reason 1). Secondly, (Reason 2). Thirdly, (Reason 3).第一点, (理由一).第二点, (理由二).第三点, (理由三)。(5) The reason is that . 理由是(6) For one thing, I think it is much more convenient to go by bike. For another thing, by doing so, we can lower the emission of carbon diox

8、ide.一方面, 我认为骑单车更方便。另一方面, 这样做可以减少二氧化碳的排放。(7) On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。3 总结全文(1) Thus we can conclude that . 因此我们总结出(2) So it can be concluded that . is important to us.所以可以得出结论说, 对我们很重要。(3) In a word, play (s) an important role in our life.总而言之, 在我们生活中扮演着重要角色。(

9、4) From what has been discussed above, you may agree that . 根据上面讨论的, 你也许会同意(5) In conclusion, we should pay more attention to . 总之, 我们要更加重视美文引路题目：现在, 越来越多的学生喜欢带手机上学, 这引起了人们的热议。有人同意, 也有人反对。请就你是怎么看待学生带手机上学这种行为写一篇文章, 80词左右。要求：1. 表明你的观点, 是支持还是反对；2. 说明理由；3. 总结。注意：可适当添加细节, 使短文完整连贯。思路导航第1步：例文审题主体人称题目要求写“我”

10、的观点, 因此使用第一人称“I”。主体时态议论文通常使用一般现在时为其主体时态。写作贴士题目要求中明确给我们指出了三点思路, 因而我们在写作时要注意分段。第2步：列提纲(1) 补充背景信息, 表明观点；(2) 解释自己的观点等；(3) 再次强调自己的观点。第3步：参考词句(1) mobile phone; school; favor; personally; helpful . (2) on the one hand, on the other hand; easier; get in touch with; colorful; pressure . (3) in a word; allow;

11、 school . 第4步：连句成篇Today, more and more students go to school with mobile phones. Some people are in favor of it, while others not. Personally, I think its helpful to take mobile phones to school.On the one hand, it will be easier for students to get in touch with their friends and parents if they ha

12、ve a phone. On the other hand, mobile phones can make students life more colorful because they are under too much pressure.In a word, I think students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school.参考译文如今, 越来越多的学生带手机上学。有人支持这种做法, 有人不支持。就个人而言, 我认为学生带手机上学是有用的。一方面, 如果学生有手机的话, 他们可以更容易地和朋友、父母联系。另一方面, 手

13、机可以让学生的生活更多姿多彩, 因为他们的压力太大了。总之, 我认为应该允许学生带手机上学。范文1Some people think that private cars will cause more pollution problems, so we should use public transport as much as we can. From my point of view, I agree that we should use more public transport. First of all, as the number of private cars is increa

14、sing, the traffic jam is becoming more and more serious. Then we should limit the number of private cars and make full use of buses, undergrounds, etc. More importantly, by doing so, we can lower the emission of carbon dioxide.Thus, we should advocate using more public transport.参考译文一些人认为私家车会导致更多的污染

15、问题, 所以我们应该尽量多使用公共交通工具。我的看法是, 我认同我们应该多使用公共交通工具这一观点。首先, 随着私家车数量的增多, 交通堵塞的问题变得越来越严重。于是我们需要限制私家车的数量, 并且充分利用公交车、地铁等。更重要的是, 这样做可以降低二氧化碳的排放量。因此, 我们应该提倡多使用公共交通工具。亮点词汇1 private cars私家车2 from my point of view 在我看来3 traffic jam 交通堵塞4 make full use of 充分利用5 more importantly 更重要的是6 lower/v.减弱；减少；放下；降下；贬低7 emissi

16、on /n.(光、热等的)发射；散发；排放8 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳出彩句型1 Some people think that private cars will cause more pollution problems, so . 一些人认为私家车会导致更多的污染问题, 所以2 From my point of view, I agree that . 就我看来, 我同意3 More importantly, by doing so, we can lower the emission of carbon dioxide.更重要的是, 这样子做可以降低二氧化碳的排放量。高分点

17、评本文内容充实, 结构清晰, 详略得当。在行文中, 作者通过“Some people think that ”等别人的看法引出自己的观点, 然后通过“First of all, Then, More importantly”等词语引出论据, 很具说服力, 值得大家学习。范文2With the development of science and technology, we can get a lot of information on the Internet. Then is it necessary to read paper books? Yes, I think it is.Firs

18、tly, even if we can get a lot of information online, reading books is an experience that cannot be replaced. Moreover, there is so much information on the Internet that we have to tell right from wrong. So we have to read books ourselves and not just depend on the Internet.In a word, paper book is i

19、mportant to us and it is the source of our wisdom.参考译文随着科学技术的发展, 我们可以在网络上获得很多信息。那我们还有必要阅读纸质书吗?我认为是有必要的。首先, 即使我们可以在网上得到很多信息, 但是阅读纸质书是一种不可取代的体验。还有, 网络上的信息太多, 所以我们需要分辨出错误的和正确的信息。因此, 我们一定要阅读纸质书, 而不能仅仅依靠网络。总之, 纸质书对我们很重要, 它是我们智慧的源泉。亮点词汇1 replace /v.取代；代替；替换；更换；把放回原处2 moreover /adv.而且；此外3 tell right from w

20、rong 辨别对错4 source /n.来源；水源；原始材料5 wisdom/n.智慧；才智；明智；学识；至理名言出彩句型1 With the development of science and technology, we can get a lot of information on the Internet.随着科学技术的发展, 我们可以在网络上获得很多信息。2 Then is it necessary to read paper books?那我们还有必要阅读纸质书吗?3 Moreover, there is so much information on the Internet

21、that we have to tell right from wrong.还有, 网络上的信息太多, 所以我们需要分辨出错误的和正确的信息。高分点评文章的逻辑结构很清晰, 上下文的联系很紧密。第一段通过反问句提出了自己的观点“有必要阅读纸质书籍”, 第二段通过“firstly, moreover, so”等词语解释理由, 第三段用“In a word”结尾, 简单而有力。值得我们参考。Part 2 说明利弊型写法点拨在进行利弊型议论文写作时, 我们可以分为四部分进行：1. 描述某一现象或事物 在文章的开头首先要指出我们评论的对象或事件, 为下文我们指出该事件或事物的利弊做好铺垫。2. 分析缺

22、点 针对所指出的事物分析其缺点或不足之处。可以是本身的不足, 也可以是其给社会带来的不良影响, 或者是对环境造成的伤害等。3. 指出其优点 要客观看待事物, 在分析缺点的同时还要指出该事件或对象的优点或可取之处, 可以说给人们生活带来了方便, 或者有利于社会的稳定等。缺点和优点的顺序可以互换。4. 作者看法 客观对事物进行了分析之后, 作者要提出自己的观点, 是怎么看待该现象或事物的, 是利大于弊还是弊大于利, 是应该提倡还是禁止等。必备词汇1 描述现象或事物be popular with . 受到的欢迎be familiar with sth.很熟悉某物raise a heated disc

23、ussion 引起热议2表示优点advantage优点benefit益处be beneficial to对有益do good to对有好处be of great benefits 有很大的益处；有很大作用be of great help 帮助很大；有很大帮助have a positive effect on 对有积极影响exert a positive influence on 对产生积极影响3表示缺点disadvantage缺点side effect副作用do harm to对有害useless无用的be of no help没有用defect缺陷have a negative effect

24、 on对产生消极作用必备句型1 描述现象或事物(1) There is a heated discussion about . 关于的讨论很激烈。(2) . has brought us much convenience along with much inconvenience.给我们带来了方便的同时, 还带来了不便。(3) . has raised hot discussion. 已经引起了人们的热议。(4) . has its advantages and disadvantages, just like everything does.和所有东西一样, 也有它的优点和缺点。2 说明事物

25、优点(1) There are three advantages in/of . (某事物现象)有三个优点。(2) The first advantage of.is that . (某事物现象的)第一个优点是(3) . can provide convenience for us in life.(某物)能为我们的生活提供便利。(4) With the help of., our life can be much better and more convenient.在的帮助下, 我们的生活可以更加幸福和便利。(5) In spite of the disadvantages, it has

26、 its compensating advantages.尽管有缺点, 它还是有对应的优点。(6) Nothing can be compared with . in terms of . 在(某方面), 很少有东西能和媲美。(7) . has a positive impact on peoples life . 对人们的生活起到一种积极的作用。(8) Sth. exerts a favorable influence on peoples life.某物对人们的生活产生了有利的影响。(9) . is playing an increasingly important role in peo

27、ples lives. 在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。3 说明事物缺点(1) However, . has its negative side as well.但是, 也有其不好的一面。(2) On the contrary, its disadvantages can not be ignored, either.相反, 它的缺点也是不能被忽视的。(3) Nevertheless, it still has some drawbacks.但是它还是有一些缺陷的。(4) Just like everything has two sides, . also has many disadva

28、ntages.正如每个事物都有两面性一样, 也有很多缺点。(5)However, by doing so, we may cause some problems.然而, 这么做的话, 我们可能会引发一些问题。(6) Nonetheless, its sometimes blamed for its obvious defects.但是, 它有时候会因一些明显的缺陷而受到指责。(7) As the proverb goes that every coin has its two sides . is no exception.俗话说硬币都是有两面的, 也不例外。(8) However, its

29、negative aspects are also evident. To begin with, To make matters worse, . Worst of all, . 然而, 它的不足之处也是很明显的.首先, 更糟的是, , 最后(9) The side effects . have exerted on human beings can be seen as follows. Firstly, . Secondly, . In addition, .对人类产生的副作用如下所示。其一, 其二, , 此外4 表明个人观点(1) From where I stand, I think

30、 its advantages carry more weight than its disadvantages.从我的立场来看, 我认为它的优点大于它的缺点。(2) Anyway, I still believe . has more advantages than disadvantages.不管怎样, 我仍然相信的优点比缺点多。(3) But for me, I think it has more positive sides than its negative sides.对我来说, 我认为它的积极面比消极面更多。(4) From the comparison between thes

31、e positive and negative effects, we should take it reasonably.通过这些积极面和消极面的对比, 我们要理智地对待它。(5) Therefore, we should take it seriously.因此我们应该要认真对待它。(6) In my view, we should make full use of its advantages and reduce its side effects.在我看来, 我们要充分利用它的优点, 降低它的副作用。美文引路题目: 随着科学技术的发展, 互联网开始走进千家万户, 有人认为这是好事, 有

32、人认为这影响了我们的正常生活。写一篇文章说说你的看法, 内容要求如下, 约80词左右。要求内容：1. 通过网络, 我们可以足不出户而知天下事, 获取信息；2. 网络容易泄露个人信息；3. 你的看法及其理由。思路导航第1步：例文审题主体人称题目要求的是“我”的看法, 且属于议论文写作, 故主体人称为“I”或“we”。主体时态议论文通常使用一般现在时为其主体时态。写作贴士题目要求中明确给我们指出了三点思路, 但是我们应该把优缺点整合起来作一个要点, 并在文章开头补充背景信息的说明。第2步：列提纲(1) 引出话题互联网；(2) 介绍其优缺点；(3) 个人看法及理由。第3步：参考词句(1) Inter

33、net; advantage; disadvantage . (2) obtain; information; steal; online . (3) through the Internet; on the one hand; on the other hand . 第4步：连句成篇Nowadays, the Internet has been part of peoples life. There are both advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. On the one hand, the Internet brings conve

34、nience to us. Through the Internet, we can learn what happens in the world and obtain information without going outside. On the other hand, personal information is easily stolen online, which will cause our loss.From comparing its advantages and disadvantages, I think that the Internet will improve

35、our life if we take it carefully.参考译文当今, 互联网已经成了人们生活中的一部分。互联网既有它的优点, 也有它的缺点。一方面, 互联网给我们的生活带来了便利。通过互联网, 我们不需要走出家门就可以知道世界上发生什么事和获取信息。另一方面, 个人信息在网络上很容易被盗取, 这会导致我们的损失。通过对比互联网的优点和缺点, 我认为如果我们小心使用互联网, 互联网会改善我们的生活的。范文1Different people have different views on shopping online. Taking all factors into account,

36、 shopping online has both positive and negative effects just as every coin has two sides.Many people think it is positive because online shopping is not only cheap but also convenient. Through online shopping, our goods can be directly delivered to our home. However, others believe that it is harmfu

37、l for the reason that it is not safe when shopping online, which may cause our loss.As far as I am concerned, we can buy some cheap and useful goods on the Internet while some valuable goods in the offline stores. 参考译文不同的人对网上购物的看法不一。我们要把所有的因素考虑其中, 正如每枚硬币都有两面一样, 网上购物既有其积极的一面, 也有其消极的一面。很多人认为网上购物是有积极作用

38、的, 因为它不仅便宜而且方便。通过网上购物, 我们的商品可以直接寄到家里。然而, 其他人认为它有害的原因是网上购物并不安全, 可能会导致我们的损失。就我而言, 我觉得我们可以在网上购买便宜而有用的商品, 而到线下商店购买昂贵的商品。亮点词汇1 take sth. into account考虑到2 positive/adj.积极的；真实的；绝对的3 negative/adj.负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的4 convenient / adj. 方便的；适当的；实用的5 as far as I am concerned 就我而言6 valuable/adj. 有价值的；贵重的；宝贵的出彩句型1 Di

39、fferent people have different views on shopping online.不同的人对网上购物的看法不一。2 Every coin has two sides.每枚硬币都有两面。3 Through online shopping, our goods can be directly delivered to our home.通过网上购物, 我们的商品可以直接寄到家里。4 As far as I am concerned, we can . 就我而言, 我们可以高分点评本文给我们展示了上网购物的优点和缺点, 同时作者提出了自己的看法。整体上看, 文章结构清晰,

40、 段落分明, 句法结构很出色。作者恰当使用短语补充说明句子, 例如Taking all factors into account, Through online shopping, As far as I am concerned 等。是不错的范文, 值得学习参考。范文2Nowadays, television plays an important role in our daily lives. It brings convenience to our life as well as disadvantages.Generally, the advantages of television

41、can be listed as follows: First, we can get information through television. Besides, we can learn foreign languages through some TV programs. But every coin has two sides. Its negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, there are many advertisements on TV which are useless. Moreover, some mov

42、ies on the TV are violent and unhealthy.Therefore, we should take it seriously and reasonably so that we will not be affected by its side effects.参考译文现今, 电视在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。它给我们带来了便利, 也带来了不足。总的来说, 电视的优点如下：首先, 我们可以通过电视获取信息。另外, 我们可以通过电视节目学习外语。但是硬币都是两面的。电视的消极作用也很明显。首先, 电视上有很多没有用的广告。还有, 电视上有些电影很暴力, 也不健康

43、。因此, 我们要谨慎理智地对待电视, 这样我们就不会被它的副作用所影响。亮点词汇1 play an important role in 在中扮演着重要角色2 convenience /n.便利；便利的事物3 generally /adv.通常；普遍地；一般地4 as follows 如下所示5 violent/adj.暴力的；猛烈的6 reasonably /adv.合理地；相当地；适度地7 affect /v.影响；感染；感动；假装8 side effect 副作用出彩句型1 Nowadays, television plays an important role in our daily

44、lives.现今, 电视在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。2 It brings convenience to our life as well as disadvantages.它给我们带来了便利, 也带来了不足。3 Generally, the advantages of television can be listed as follows.总的来说, 电视的优点如下。4 Its negative aspects are also apparent.电视的消极作用也很明显。高分点评文章的结构很清晰, 前后内容关联紧密, 紧扣主题。作者适度使用了连词, 例如generally, first

45、, besides, but, to begin with, moreover等, 使文章层次分明。另外, 高级词汇 convenience, reasonably等的使用使文章增色不少, 值得学习。Part 3问题解决型写法点拨在写作文的时候, 我们可以通过以下三部分来写作：1. 提出问题 根据题目要求, 在开篇把需要解决的问题提出来, 可以是对现状, 形式或某一困难的描述, 为下文做好铺垫。2. 分析解决问题 这是文章的主体部分, 列举做一件事或解决某个问题的几种办法。在列举对策时, 可以通过 firstly, secondly, whats more, finally等连接词的使用来确保

46、文章的连贯性和条理性。3. 总结 在文章结尾处要表明自己的观点或总结全文, 简单说明对待这一问题的态度或做法, 可以呼吁大家共同努力解决问题, 也可以强调问题的重要性等。必备词汇1提出问题serious严重的a public problem公共问题concern担忧be worried about担心issue问题raise the question提出问题with the development of science and technology 随着科学技术的发展an increasing population 人口越来越多play an important role in . 在中扮演着重要角色become the focus of . 成为的焦点2 陈列对策relieve the pressure缓解压力solve the problem解决问题the way to解决的办法take measures采取措施workout想出