专题05阅读理解b篇说明文-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题(广东卷).docx

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1、押广东卷第56-60题阅读理解B篇说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。题型包括：1.细节理解题；2.生词词义判断题；3.标题判断题；4.主旨大意题；5.文章结构题；6.观点态度题。阅读说明文的关键： 1.明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明

2、对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。2.逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。3.整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。说明文解题技巧1.阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。3.定位阅读,强

3、化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。（2021广东统考中考真题）According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Lauras country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact especially when you consider how many fa

4、milies and homeless people are in hunger. When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three

5、 years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed& find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city. How does it work? Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining hall

6、s and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter.Pretty cool, right? Its not surprisin

7、g that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura hoping that she could have developed similar projects for their communities. Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help

8、solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.1The numbers in paragraph 1 tell us _.Asome people are poorBfood waste is seriousCthe population is largeDthe research is interesting2Lauras project first got food from _.Aher school dining hallBher familyCa fast food restaurantDhomeless she

9、lter3People in other cities would like Laura to _.Afind a truck driverBvisit their communitiesCgive away food to themDhelp develop projects like hers4The underlined words “concerns” in this passage means _.AwaysBsecretsCworriesDdecisions5Which can be the best title for this passage?AA Dining Guide A

10、ppBA Food Sharing ProjectCA Driving Service AppDA Food Safety Project【答案】1B 2A 3D 4C 5B【分析】食物浪费是当今社会一个很大的问题，Laura开发了一个应用可以帮助解决这个问题。1推理判断题。根据“According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of on uneaten food go to waste in Lauras country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供

11、应). ”可知每年有1300亿磅的食物的食物被浪费，这些数字向我们展示了食物浪费的严重。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. ”可知Laura的项目最是从学校食堂开始。故选A。3细节理解题。根据“Its not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch wit

12、h Laura hoping that she could have develop similar projects for their communities.”可知其他城市的人也希望Laura帮他们开发这样的软件。故选D。4词义推断题。根据“They think such food may not be clean enough. ”可知一些人认为食物没那么干净，所以担心食物的安全。故选C。5最佳标题。根据“Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps th

13、ose in need.”可知本文介绍的这个项目，可以帮助减少食物浪费，做到食物分享，B选项“一个食物分享项目”符合。故选B。（2021广东统考中考真题）Welcome to Manor Farm U-pick Activities.We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. Well try our best to create a safe open-air en

14、vironment for our customers under the circumstances (情况) of COVID-19 this year. Please read the instructions below. To pick the strawberries, you need to make a reservation (预约) on our website. Reservations are open from 13:00 to 20:00 the day before the picking day.Please dont come to the farm if y

15、ou are sick. On the farm, you need to stay at least two meters away from anyone you dont live with.For safety, you must use our new baskets only. A basket alone costs 5 yuan. It holds about 2kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total. If children come, they MUST st

16、ay close to their parents. Running up and down the strawberry rows will NOT be allowed. Our workers will tell them where to start picking and the children should listen. We hope children will follow our safety rules in our fields.No pets are allowed on the farm.Any questions, please call us at 906-2

17、56-523.6If you go to the farm on August 8th, you can make a reservation at _.A10:00 on August 6thB10:00 on August 7thC14:00 on August 6thD14:00 on August 7th7The farm provides new baskets _.Ato cut down the costBto protect the environmentCto keep customers safeDto carry more strawberries8On the farm

18、, children are asked to _.Aplant some strawberriesBrun along the rowsCstay close to their parentsDlook after their pets9For more information, you can _.Awrite an emailBmake a phone callCsend a voice messageDwatch news on TV10The instructions are most probably from _.Aa farm ownerBa teacherCa news re

19、porterDa customer【答案】6D 7C 8C 9B 10A【分析】Manor农场在举行采摘活动，那里有美味的草莓，欢迎人们来采摘。在今年新冠肺炎疫情形势下，为了给客户营造安全的户外环境，该农场特做了一些说明。6细节理解题。根据第二段“Reservations are open from 13:00 to 20:00 the day before the picking day.”可知，预订时间为采摘日前一天13:00至20:00。结合题意，D选项“8月7日14:00”符合文意，故选D。7细节理解题。根据第五段“For safety, you must use our new ba

20、skets only.”可知，农场提供新篮子是为了保证客人的安全。故选C。8细节理解题。根据第六段“If children come, they MUST stay close to their parents.”可知，如果孩子来的话，他们必须要跟紧他们的父母。故选C。9细节理解题。根据最后一段“Any questions, please call us at 906-256-523.”可知，有任何问题可以打电话进行咨询。故选B。10推理判断题。根据文章开头“We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit

21、the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences.”“我们以美味的草莓而出名，我们邀请你”可以看出，写这个说明的是农场的主人。故选A。（2020广东统考中考真题）Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.Why did the number of the elephants dro

22、p so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.To protect the elephants living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people

23、and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty

24、-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poac

25、hing has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.11MEP was started to _.Araise more elephants in MaliBstop the main lake from drying upCdiscover water source for elephantsDprotect the elephants livin

26、g environment12What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A公平的B亏损的C非法的D合理的13Eighty-three elephants were lost _.Ain 2012Bin 2015Cin 2016Din 202014We can learn from the last paragraph that _.Athe number of organizations has droppedBthere is much less elephant poaching nowCthe local pe

27、ople keep the elephants at homeDthe whole world live peacefully with elephants15This passage is mainly about _.Athe rules of using land and waterBthe education of the local peopleCthe work of Mali Elephant ProjectDthe situation of Gourma Desert elephants【答案】11D 12C 13B 14B 15D【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了马里大象

28、项目(MEP)保护大象的举措和努力。11细节理解题。根据第三段“To protect the elephants living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007”可知是为了保护大象的居住环境，成立了马里大象项目，故选D。12词义猜测题。根据“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016”可知illegal表达的是贬义，既然是偷猎，那就是违法的，此处指

29、的是“非法的，违法的”。故选C。13细节理解题。根据第三段“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone”可知2015年失去83头大象，故选B。14推理判断题。根据最后一段“Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a v

30、ery low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world”可知A选项“has dropped”表述错误；B选项表述正确，大象偷猎减少了很多；C选项“keep the elephants at home”表述错误；D选项“the whole world”表述错误。故选B。15主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马里大象Gourma elephants的现状以及保护措施等等，主旨大意可概括为the situatio

31、n of Gourma Desert elephants。故选D。（2023广东汕头统考一模）Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals behave dishonestly to fool other

32、animals. Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. A bird called the plover sometimes pretends (假装) to be hurt in order to protect its young. When an enemy gets close to its nest, the plover pretends to have a broken wing. The enemy follow

33、s the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries (埋) its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays also steal food. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when others are watching them. So they get

34、 back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Chimpanzees can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpan

35、zee take the winners hand and start fighting again. When chimpanzees find food, its natural for them to cry out. Then other chimpanzees come running. But some clever chimpanzees learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimpanzees dont hear them, and they dont need to share the

36、food.16How does the plover save its young?ACatch the enemy.BShow their honesty.CPretend to be hurt.DFeed them food.17What will the scrub jay do when it knows others are watching them?ABury the food twice.BStopping stealing the food.CBury the food as usual.DRun away immediately.18What does the underl

37、ined word “sneaky” mean?AHonest.BBrave.CWeak.DLying.19Why do many animals behave dishonestly?ABecause they want to have fun.BBecause they need to do that for living on.CBecause they want to share food.DBecause they are beaten down.20What is the best title of the passage?ADo animals lie?BHonesty or d

38、ishonesty?CHow do animals protect lives?DDoes Mother Nature agree?【答案】16C 17A 18D 19B 20A【导语】本文通过列举鸟类和大猩猩的例子告诉我们动物为了生存有时候会撒谎。16细节理解题。根据“A bird called the plover sometimes pretends (假装) to be hurt in order to protect its young”可知一种叫千鸟的鸟有时假装受伤以保护幼鸟。故选C。17细节理解题。根据“But clever scrub jays seem to know whe

39、n others are watching them. So they get back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else”可知当灌丛鸦知道被盯着后，它们会将食物再埋一次。故选A。18词句猜测题。根据“After a fight, the losing chimpanzee take the winners hand and start fighting again.”可知在一场战斗之后失败的黑猩猩会伸出手给另一只黑猩猩；当获胜的黑猩猩也伸出手时，黑猩猩又变得友好起来；但有一次一位动物专家看到一只失败的黑猩猩握着赢

40、家的手，再次开始战斗，黑猩猩有时也不诚实。因此sneaky指的是“不诚实的”。故选D。19细节理解题。根据“Dishonesty often helps them survive”可知动物不诚实是为了生存。故选B。20最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述动物为了生存也会撒谎，选项A“动物会撒谎吗？”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。（2023广东汕尾统考二模）Arguments between teenagers and parents can be a problem and should be taken seriously.Three examples of the argumentsPar

41、ent: Mike is always making trouble in school. Youd better keep away from him.Ben: You dont know him as well as I do. Stop trying to tell me who I can make friends with.Parent: Dont spend so much time playing computer games. You should do something meaningful.Grace: Ive already finished my homework.

42、I just want to relax.Parent: You got an F in your physics exam again. Im disappointed with you.Jack: I did study hard. But its just too difficult for me.Some results of a surveyAbout 18% of the kids talk to their parents when they have problems.Over 50% of the kids think their parents dont understan

43、d them.Almost 50% of the parents talk to their children only about school.Some suggestions from expertsCommunicate with your kids in a friendly way.Encourage kids to share their feelings with you.Take part in different activities together with kids.21Whats the argument between Ben and his parent?ABe

44、n makes friends with Mike.BBen doesnt know Mike very well.CBen always makes trouble in school.DBen keeps away from Mike at school.22Graces parent thinks playing computer games is _.AhelpfulBrelaxingCmeaningfulDmeaningless23Why didnt Jack do well in physics?ABecause he didnt study hard.BBecause he of

45、ten plays with Mike.CBecause he thinks its too hard for him.DBecause he plays computer games too much.24What can we know from the survey?AAll the kids have arguments with their parents.BMost parents talk to their children only about school.CNone of the kids think their parents understand them.DA sma

46、ll number of kids talk to their parents when having problems.25The suggestions are for _.AstudentsBparentsCteachersDexperts【答案】21A 22D 23C 24D 25B【导语】本文指出青少年与父母们多因互相不理解而发生争吵，并就这个问题提供了几条专家的建议。21细节理解题。根据“Mike is always making trouble in school. Youd better keep away from him.”可知，本的家长不希望他和迈克成为朋友。故选A。22

47、推理判断题。根据“You should do something meaningful.”可推知，格雷斯的家长认为玩电脑游戏是没有意义的。故选D。23细节理解题。根据“But its just too difficult for me.”可知，杰克认为自己物理学得不好是因为对于他来说物理太难了。故选C。24细节理解题。根据“About 18% of the kids talk to their parents when they have problems.”可知，少数孩子在有问题时会跟父母说。故选D。25推理判断题。根据“Communicate with your kids in a friendly way.；Encourage kids to share their feelings with you.；Take part in