中考英语知识归纳复习专题连词与从句外研版.docx

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1、连词与从句【连词】用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。1.并列连词并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词（如and,but,or,so等），可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词（短语）用法如下：关系连词（短语）意义例句说明并列关系and和；又Sheiskindandpatient.她既友好又有耐心。表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用or。然后Hecameinandtookoffhiscoat.他进来然后脱掉外套。表示动

2、作先后。那么Becareful，andyouwillmakefewermistakes.细心点，你就会少犯错误。祈使句+and+陈述句（表结果）。both.and.两者都BothLindaandAmylikereading.琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读。连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。并列关系neither.nor.既不也不Mr.Gaoneitherdrinksnorsmokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。notonly.butalso.不但而且NotonlyhebutalsoIamexcitedaboutthenews.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴

3、奋。转折关系but但是Themanispoor，butheishappy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。不能与(al)though同时使用。while然而Ilikeredwhileshelikesblue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。强调对比关系。选择关系or或者Whoistaller,SamorJohn?谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？表示选择。否则；要不然Studyhard，oryoullfailtheexam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。祈使句+or+陈述句（表结果）。either.or.或者或者EithermilkorcoffeeisOK.牛奶或咖啡都可以。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”

4、。因果关系so因此；所以Hewasill,sohedidntgotoschool.他生病了，因此没有去上学。不能与because同时使用。2.从属连词从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句（if,whether）和状语从句（如when,because,until等）。常见从属连词用法见以下考点2宾语从句和考点3状语从句的讲解。【考点训练1】1.The flight was delayed by the storm,_ the passengers had to wait at the airport. （ ）A.but B.or C.so D.for2.Theres no ticket left for

5、 Lang Langs piano concert. _you _ your sister can go to it. （ ）A.Both;and B.Not only;but alsoC.Either;or D.Neither;nor3.Lucy is very young,_ she can live on her own. （ ）A.and B.or C.so D.but4.I want to be a teacher when I grow up.Work hard, _ your dream will come true. （ ）A.or B.andC.but D.if5.Tina,

6、put your heart into study,_ youll fail the coming math exam.OK,I will. （ ） A. and B.but C.or D.so答案：C DDBC【宾语从句】在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是：主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态1.引导词引导词作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。Hesaid（that）Katewasgoodatswimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。if/whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略。HeaskedmeifMissGaowasa

7、teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。what,which,who,whose,whom连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语、宾语、定语等）。Idontknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们将要做什么。when,where,why,how连接副词,在从句中通常作状语。Couldyoutellmewhereyouaregoing?你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？2.语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：Do you know where the nearest hotel is?你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？3. 时态时态规律例句主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时

8、态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态。Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态。KateaskedwhatTomwasdoingthen.凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。Mr.Gaotoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。注意：在以Could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定

9、。如：Could you tell me where Helen lives?你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？Could you tell me where you went last weekend?你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？要点提醒：宾语从句的简化当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Could you tell me h

10、ow to get to the station?【考点训练2】1.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?Some English songs，I guess. （ ）A.what B.whenC.why D.how2.Could you tell me _ a moment ago? （ ）A.what were they talking aboutB.what are they talking aboutC.what they were talking aboutD.what they are talking about3.Can

11、 you tell me _?Sure.He lives on Center Street. （ ）A.where does he liveB.where he livesC.why he lives thereD.what does he do4.Could you please tell me _？Sorry,Im new here. （ ）A.where can I buy some juiceB.when does the supermarket closeC.how to get to the libraryD.what time does the movie begin答案：ACB

12、C状语从句在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下：类型引导词例句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,not.until.,assoonasIwaswatchingTVwhilemymomwascooking.我看电视的时候，我妈妈在做饭。条件状语从句if,aslongas,unlessWewillgoforapicnicifitdoesntrain.如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。原因状语从句because,as,sinceSincewehavegotreadyfor

13、it,letssetoff.既然我们做好了准备，那就出发吧。目的状语从句sothat,inorderthatHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchhistrain.他为了赶上火车起得很早。结果状语从句so/such.that.ItissuchaheavyboxthatIcantcarryit.这个盒子如此重我搬不动它。让步状语从句though,although,evenif/though,whatever,whenever.Heoftenhelpsothersthoughheisnotrich.尽管他不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。比较状语从句than,as.as.,notas

14、/so.as.HeranasfastasJim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。地点状语从句where,whereverBobwouldliketogowhereverhelikes.鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。方式状语从句as,asif/thoughYouspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。要点提醒：1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。【考点训练3】1.Does your m

15、other have a hobby?No，_ you call going shopping a hobby. （ ）A.unless B.becauseC.although D.if2.Life is like a mirror. _ you smile at it,it will smile back. （ ）A.Unless B.WhenC.Until D.Though 3._ he had failed many times,he didnt give up and succeeded in the end. （ ）A.Unless B.AlthoughC.If D.Since4.T

16、here will be less pollution _ more people use public transportation. （ ）A.but B.though C.unless D.if5.Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. （ ）A.such B.so C.too D.very答案：ABBDB【定语从句】在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前

17、。定语从句须用关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。其用法如下：1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词在从句中的成分先行词例句that主语、宾语、表语人，物Thewatch(that)myfatherboughtwasmadeinShanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。who主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowtheteacherwhowearsglasses?你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？whom宾语人Theboy(w

18、hom)mymotherwastalkingtoismycousin.我妈妈正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。which主语、宾语、表语物Ilikemusic(which)Icansingalongwith.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。whose定语人，物Thelittlegirlwhosehairiscurlywonthefirstprize.那个卷发小女孩赢得了第一名。（1）关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如：The girls who ar

19、e dancing there are my friends.那边在跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。2. 关系副词的基本用法关系副词在从句中的成分先行词例句when状语时间IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthemusicclub.我从不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。where状语地点Iwenttothevillagewheremyfatherwasbornlastweek.我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。why状语原因Hedidntsaythereasonwhyhewaslate.他没有说他迟到的原因。【考点训练4】1.Where is the camera _ my f

20、ather bought in Japan?Oh,let me see.I put it in your suitcase. （ ）A.when B.whoseC.that D.what2.The teenagers like the musician _ different kinds of music. （ ）A.who play B.which plays C.who plays D.that play3.Keep Running is a very relaxing TV programme _ is hot among the teenagers. （ ）A.which B.what

21、C.who D.whose4. According to a survey,people _ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. （ ）A.which B.whom C.whose D.who答案：CCAD【中考示例】1.(2017广西北部湾)His mother doesnt like to throw away old things _ they are useless. ( )A.but B.becauseC.even if D.so that2.(2017

22、广西北部湾)Could you tell me _ ?Once a month. ( )A.how often do you go to the supermarketB.how often you go to the supermarketC.how soon will you go to the supermarketD.how soon you will go to the supermarketB【解析】1.考查连词的用法。句意：他的妈妈不喜欢扔掉旧东西，即使它们没有用了。A项意为“但是”，表转折；B项意为“因为”，表因果；C项意为“即使”，表让步；D项意为“以便”，表目的。由语境可知

23、C项符合题意。 2.考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问句询问的是频率，要用how often提问，排除C、D项；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A项。【考题热身】1.(2017云南)Youll get good grades _ you work hard. （ ）A.although B.soC.if D.unless2.(2017云南)Could you tell me _ ?The movie Fast and Furious(激情) 8. （ ）A.where you saw the movieB.which movie you like bestC.where did you see the

24、movieD.which movie do you like best3.(2017上海)The two companies decided to work together _ they had common interest. （ ）A.because B.unlessC.but D.or4.(2017德州)Many people like reading newspapers _ they can learn whats happening in the world. （ ）A.so that B.ever sinceC.as soon as D.even though5.(2017天津

25、)Its not always safe to pay over the Internet，_ you should be careful. （ ）A.so B.afterC.because D.as soon as6.(2017毕节)This is the best book _ I have ever read.I like it very much. （ ）A.which B.thatC.who D.when7.(2017黔东南)Could you tell us where _ the day after tomorrow? （ ）A.you will go B.will you go

26、C.you have gone D.you went8.(2017重庆B卷)I like dancing,_ I dont have enough time to practice it. （ ）A.or B.soC.but D.because9.(2017泰安)The light in Bills office is still on.I wonder _.Maybe at midnight again. （ ）A.if will he stop workingB.why he works so hardC.how long will he workD.when he will stop w

27、orking10.(2017黔东南)I think the boy _ is in white is his brother. （ ）A.what B.which C.who D.whom11.(2017南充)Excuse me.Could you please tell me _ ?Sure.Go along this street and turn left.Its on your right. （ ）A.when I can get to the bookstoreB.when can I get to the bookstoreC.how I can get to the bookstoreD.how can I get to the bookstore12.(2017泰安)I didnt believe I could do it _ I got to the top of Mount Tai. （ ）A.unless B.untilC.after D.as答案：CBAABACDCCB