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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点39 短文填空之首字母填空短文首字母填空题型满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的

2、成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。典例解析（2022甘肃甘南统考中考真题

3、）根据短文内容和首字母提示，把所缺单词填写在后面的横线上。Andy was born in China 15 years ago. In 2021, she m_1_ to the USA with her family. As a high school student she has found many differences b_2_Chinese and Americans.For example, many American parents think there is no n_3_ to send their children to an expensive school. H

4、_4_ , its different in China. Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools, a_5_ their family isnt rich enough.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国和美国在教育上的差别。【答案解析】1句意：2021年，她和家人搬到了美国。根据“she to the USA with her family”及首字母可知，搬到了美国，move“搬”，结合时间状语In 2021可知，动词用过去式，故填(m)oved。2句意：作为一名高中生

5、，她发现了中美之间的许多差异。根据“ Chinese and Americans”及首字母可知，此处用betweenand表示“在与之间”，故填(b)etween。3句意：例如，许多美国父母认为没有必要把他们的孩子送到昂贵的学校。根据“there is no to send their children to an expensive school”及首字母可知，此处用there is no need to do sth表示“没有必要做某事”，故填(n)eed。4句意：然而，这在中国是不同的。“many American parents think there is no to send th

6、eir children to an expensive school”与“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”是转折关系，however“然而”，故填(H)owever。5句意：许多中国父母会不惜一切把孩子送到昂贵的学校，尽管他们的家庭并不富裕。“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”与“their family isnt rich en

7、ough”是让步关系，although引导让步状语从句，故填(a)lthough。（2022山东东营统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。“Ugh, meat pie again? I h_1_ meat pie!” Matt shouted. “I wont eat it!” Matts mom and dad looked at each other. Matts angry outbursts (爆发) were always happening this month. “ Matt, were going to let you take ov

8、er (接管) dinnertime from now on,” Mom said.“Well, were going to eat g_2_ food every night!” Matt answered happily.The next day, Dad helped Matt make the meal plan. “Were going to have chicken tonight, and spaghetti tomorrow, ” Matt started.“Woah, wait a minute,” Dad said. “What else are we going to h

9、ave with the chicken? We need to have at least one v_3_ with each meal.”“We can have cabbage,” Matt said. “Sophia does not like cabbage,” said Dad.“Well, its my choice, s_4_ Im going to cook it,” Matt replied.“OK, but she might complain (抱怨) at dinner. Are you ready for that? ” Dad asked.“Yeah, mayb

10、e,” Matt answered.Almost every time Matt picked something out, his dad would tell him that someone wouldnt like it. It was very frustrating (令人懊恼的).“This is impossible!” Matt said angrily.“Yes, it is hard. Everyone has d_5_ tastes, and sometimes, we just cant please (使满意) everyone.”“Fine, well go wi

11、th this plan this week. Next week Ill try to make everyone happy,” replied Matt.It was time for Matt to make his f_6_ meal, so his parents both came to help him. He hadnt cooked before. It took almost an hour to make dinner. He was tired and hungry, but he was so proud of h_7_he made dinner! “Ew, th

12、is rice tastes strange,” Sophia said. Matt took a bite. It did taste a little strange. But hed worked so hard! He felt like he might c_8_. “I dont like cabbage,” shouted Sophia. Matt realized then how his parents must feel every time he complained about dinner. It was impossible to make sure e_9_ li

13、ked every part of every meal!“Im sorry, Sophia. Im sorry, Mom and Dad. I shouldnt have shouted at you about dinner all the time. I dont want to take over dinner anymore, I wont complain,” Matt said. “Thank you, Matt,” Mom and Dad said. Dad continued, “Well take back dinner responsibilities. You can

14、offer some help if you like!” Matt felt a lot better. He happily finished his dinner and n_10_ complained about a meal again.【短文大意】本文讲述了每次吃饭时，马特都抱怨饭菜不好吃，而当他亲自做了一次饭后，听着别人的抱怨，想到自己的辛苦付出，他感到特别不是滋味。他也体会到了每次做饭的父母的不易，于是再也不抢着做饭，再也不抱怨了。【答案解析】1句意：我讨厌肉馅饼。根据“I wont eat it!”可知，猜测指的是“讨厌肉饼”，陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形h

15、ate“讨厌”，故填(h)ate。2句意：我们每天晚上都要吃好东西！根据“were going to let you take over (接管) dinnertime from now on”可知，自己要接管晚餐时间了，可以做自己喜欢的食物了，即“好吃的食物”，用形容词good作定语，故填(g)ood。3句意：每顿饭至少要吃一种蔬菜。根据“We can have cabbage”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“蔬菜”，空前有one修饰，名词应用单数形式，故填(v)egetable。4句意：这是我的选择，所以我要做它。根据首字母提示及前后句之间的关系可知，因为是自己选择的，所以要去烹饪，此处应用

16、so连接，故填(s)o。5句意：每个人的口味都不一样。根据首字母提示及“and sometimes, we just cant please (使满意) everyone.”可知，人人都有不同的口味，此处用形容词different修饰其后的名词，故填(d)ifferent。6句意：马特该做他的第一顿饭了，所以他的父母都来帮他。根据“He hadnt cooked before.”及首字母提示可知，这是他第一次做饭，此处应用序数词first表示，故填(f)irst。7句意：他又累又饿，但他为自己感到骄傲他做了晚餐！根据“he made dinner!”及首字母提示可知，他为自己感到自豪，此处用反

17、身代词himself，作为介词of的宾语，故填(h)imself。8句意：他觉得自己快要哭出来了。根据“Ew, this rice tastes strange”以及“It did taste a little strange. But hed worked so hard!”以及“I dont like cabbage”及首字母提示可知，自己辛苦做的晚饭，家人都不满意，自己觉得很委屈要哭了，情态动词might后接动词原形，故填(c)ry。9句意：要确保每个人都喜欢每顿饭的每一部分是不可能的！根据“Ew, this rice tastes strange,” Sophia said. Matt

18、 took a bite. It did taste a little strange. But hed worked so hard! He felt like he might.“I dont like cabbage,” shouted Sophia.”以及“Matt realized then how his parents must feel every time he complained about dinner.”及首字母提示可知，要保证人人都喜欢每顿饭的任何部分是不可能的，此处应用不定代词everyone/everybody“每个人，人人”作主语，(e)verybody/(e

19、)veryone。10句意：他愉快地吃完晚饭，再也没有抱怨过任何一顿饭。根据“I shouldnt have shouted at you about dinner all the time. I dont want to take over dinner anymore, I wont complain”及首字母提示可知，从那之后，马特再也不对每顿饭抱怨了，此处用副词never表示否定，故填(n)ever。（2022上海统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。Which would you rather spend your money on,

20、an outing with friends or a pair of expensive shoes? It is my opinion that spending money on experiences brings greater happiness. My first r_11_ is that experiences make us different as we grow. We are not the result of the things weve bought. Instead, we are the result of everything weve seen and

21、done. For example, getting expensive clothes didnt c_12_ me as a person, but the camping trip last summer certainly did. It made me more independent.In addition, I p_13_ experiences because they bring people together. Sharing a new experience develops stronger relationships and creates long-lasting

22、memories. Three years ago I met some teenagers on a study trip and now I am s_14_ in touch with them, but I hardly remember what I bought during the trip.My final point is that, although some people say it is a great j_15_ to own things, I think using the things you own is more pleasant. For example

23、, I spend most of my spare money on new parts for my old mountain bike, but I love the experience of c_16_, not owning bike parts!To sum up, experiences make us who we are and develop stronger relationships. So next time before you pay for something, give it some s_17_ thought. Ask yourself, “Which

24、will I spend my money on, an outing or a pair of shoes?”【短文大意】本文是一篇议论文，作者谈了自己对于人生经历的看法。【答案解析】11句意：我的第一个原因是，随着我们的成长，经历使我们变得不同。根据下文“In addition, I prefer experiences because My final point is that ”可知，此处是在阐述作者的第一个理由，结合所给首字母“r”可拼写出名词reason，意为“理由”，符合句意，故填(r)eason。12句意：例如，买昂贵的衣服并没有改变我的个性，但去年夏天的露营旅行确实改变了我

25、。根据下文“It made me more independent”提示，去年夏天的露营旅行改变了作者的个性，此处指的是“改变”，结合所给首字母“c”可拼写出动词change，空格前为助动词“didnt”，故此处change应用动词原形。故填(c)hange。13句意：此外，我更喜欢经历，因为它们能把人们聚在一起。根据上文“Which would you rather spend your money on, an outing with friends or a pair of expensive shoes?”可知，作者在文章一开头就拿拥有某个物品与拥有一段经历进行对比，故此处指的是“更喜

26、欢”，结合所给首字母“p”可拼写出动词prefer，根据语境及主语“I”可知，此处prefer应用动词原形。故填(p)refer。14句意：三年前，我在一次学习旅行中遇到了一些青少年，现在我仍然与他们保持联系，但我几乎不记得我在旅行中买了什么。根据下文“but I hardly remember what I bought during the trip”可知，此处存在转折关系，故上文指的是仍然与那些青少年保持着联系，结合所给首字母“s”可拼写出副词still，意为“仍然”，符合句意，故填(s)till。15句意：我的最后一点理由是，虽然有些人说拥有某些物品是一种极大的快乐，但我认为使用自己拥

27、有的东西更令人愉快。根据下文“I think using the things you own is more pleasant”可知，此处指的是拥有某些物品是一种极大的快乐，结合所给首字母“j”可拼写出名词joy，空格前有“a”，故joy应用单数形式，故填(j)oy。16句意：例如，我把大部分余钱花在旧山地自行车的新零件上，但我喜欢的是骑车的体验，而不是拥有自行车零件！根据上文“although some people say it is a great joy to own things, I think using the things you own is more pleasant”

28、可知，此处指的是喜欢的是骑车的体验，结合所给首字母“c”可拼写出名词cycling，意为“骑行自行车”，符合句意，故填(c)ycling。17句意：所以，下次你付钱之前，请认真考虑一下。根据下文“Ask yourself, Which will I spend my money on, an outing or a pair of shoes?”可知，下次你付钱之前，要认真考虑一下，结合所给首字母“s”可拼写出形容词serious，意为“认真的”，符合句意，故填(s)erious。（2022江苏盐城统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。I grew up in t

29、he countryside. At around 10 years old, I began to learn cooking. The first skill I mastered was making dough（面团）. Since my parents often came home l_18_, a prepared dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be e_19_ because I often saw my mum do it just mix water and flour,

30、right? Not quite! It turned out to be a m_20_ for a while. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I learned the trick. Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings and I f_21_ in love with cooking. Its a good way to relax. More importantly, thanks t

31、o my cooking skill, I live better d_22_ the COVID-19 pandemic. Now working at home, I cook every meal instead of ordering takeout. It s_23_ money and I dont have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me. Besides cooking, I did a lot of f_24_ work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables

32、. T_25_ it was hard work, the experience taught me things that many of my friends still dont know. For example, the part of a potato that has sprouts（芽）can be planted as a seed. I once discussed this with my friends from the city. They thought it was a p_26_ that they didnt have the chance to learn

33、these things in their lives. Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it cant compare to the j_27_ of learning firsthand, watching plants blossom and grow. It brings a new way to look at the world. 【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在乡下长大的经历让他受益颇深，一方面从小练习的烹饪让他在疫情期间过的更好，也节省了钱。另一方面，小时候做的农活教会了他许

34、多知识，也带给了他许多城市朋友没有机会体验到快乐。【答案解析】18句意：因为我的父母经常回家晚，一个准备好的面团可以帮助我的家人早点吃晚饭。根据“a prepared dough would help my family have supper sooner”可推测出，我的父母回家晚，“晚，迟”结合首字母可知，其英文表达为late，根据“Since my parents often came home”可知，空格处应用副词原级，即late。故填(l)ate。19句意：我以为这很容易，因为我经常看到我妈妈做只是把水和面粉混合，对吗？根据“because I often saw my mum do

35、 it just mix water and flour, right”可知，我认为很简单，根据“it would be”可知，空格处为形容词，故“简单的”easy。故填(e)asy。20句意：结果一会儿之后是一团糟。根据“First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard”可知，并不如想象中那么简单，故可推测出，结果是一团糟，由“a”可知，空格处为一个名词，结合首字母m，可推测出为mess“杂乱，混乱局面”。故填(m)ess。21句意：后来，我做了炸菜和饺子之类的东西，我爱上了烹饪。根据“Its a good way to rel

36、ax”和“in love with”可知，我爱上了烹饪，“爱上”fall in love with，根据“cooked”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，故此处应用fall的过去式fell。故填(f)ell。22句意：更重要的是，多亏了我的厨艺，我在新冠病毒疫情流行期间生活得更好了。根据“I live better”和“the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，是在新冠病毒疫情期间，我过的更好了，“在期间”结合所给首字母d可知，其英文表达为during。故填(d)uring。23句意：这样既省钱又不用等送货员来给我送食物。根据“I cook every meal instead of ord

37、ering takeout”和“money”可知，每顿饭我都自己做而不是叫外卖，故可以省钱，“节约，节省”save，根据“dont”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，由“It”可知，句子主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用save的三单形式saves。故填(s)aves。24句意：除了做饭，我小时候还干过很多农活。结合后文和“I got to know how to plant vegetables”可知，我还干过很多农活。“农活”的英文表达为farm work，故空格处应填farm。故填(f)arm。25句意：尽管工作很辛苦，但这段经历教会了我许多朋友至今仍不知道的东西。根据“it was hard

38、 work”和“the experience taught me things that many of my friends still dont know”可知，空格处为一个让步状语从句，此时常用although或though引导，结合所给首字母T，故此处应用Though。故填(T)hough。26句意：他们认为这是一个遗憾，他们没有机会在他们的生活中学习这些东西。根据“a”可知，空格处应用一个名词，由“they didnt have the chance to learn these things in their lives”可推测出，他们为此而觉得遗憾，“遗憾”pity。故填(p)i

39、ty。27句意：但它无法与亲眼目睹植物开花生长的快乐相比。根据“the”和“of”可知，空格处应用一个名词，根据“Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But”可知，空格所在句子想表达“亲眼目睹植物开花生长的快乐”，“快乐”joy。故填(j)oy（2022江苏南通统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。Eat Your Greens!I have never been a fan of vegetables. But my best frien

40、d loves them. “Eat your greens!” he always says. So I decide to learn something more about them.Plants are a very important part of our diet. Because of the c_28_ their leaves vegetables are often called “greens”. They p_29_ all kinds of nutrition(营养) that are very important for our bodies. For exam

41、ple, vitamin C gives us healthy skin, and calcium(钙) keeps our bones s_30_. Others help to keep our hearts, blood and muscles healthy Eating vegetables does not make us f_31_ because they are low in calories.Its said that there are over 80,000 different kinds of plants which can be eaten on Earth. H

42、owever, 90 percent of the foods we eat c_32_ from just 30 plants. This is not because they are the most nutritious, but because they are the e_33_ to grow.It is suggested to eat at least five different vegetables every day. Its a good h_34_ to make vegetables a main part of each meal. However, some

43、people think that vegetables are not so popular compared with meat, so when vegetables are served together with meat, they often c_35_meat instead of vegetables. Others think vegetables are cooked in an unskillful way, making them not d_36_.In order to help me have a healthy diet, my friend gives me

44、 good a_37_ on how to cook tasty vegetables. I am on my way to a healthier lifestyle.【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍绿色蔬菜对人们的好处，建议人们多吃蔬菜。【答案解析】28句意：由于其叶子的颜色，蔬菜常被称为“绿色蔬菜”。根据“Because of the c.leaves vegetables are often called “greens”.”可知，被称为绿色蔬菜是因为叶子的颜色，color/colour“颜色”符合语境，故填(c)olor/(c)olour。29句意：它们提供各种对我们的身体非常重要

45、的营养。根据“They p.all kinds of nutrition(营养) that are very important for our bodies.”可知，蔬菜提供各种营养，provide“提供”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形，故填(p)rovide。30句意：例如，维生素C使我们的皮肤健康，钙使我们的骨骼强壮。根据“calcium(钙) keeps our bones s.”可知，钙使我们的骨骼强壮，strong“强壮的”，作宾语补足语，故填(s)trong。31句意：吃蔬菜不会使我们发胖，因为它们热量低。根据“Eating vegetables does not m

46、ake us f.because they are low in calories.”可知，蔬菜热量低，不会让人发胖，fat“胖的”，作宾语补足语，故填(f)at。32句意：然而，我们吃的90%的食物只来自30种植物。根据“90 percent of the foods we eat c.from just 30 plants”可知，很多食物只来自30种植物，come from“来自”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形，故填(c)ome。33句意：这并不是因为它们最有营养，而是因为它们最容易生长。根据“This is not because they are the most nutr

47、itious, but because they are the e.to grow.”可知，这些蔬菜最容易生长，easy“容易的”，此前有the修饰，用形容词最高级，故填(e)asiest。34句意：把蔬菜作为每顿饭的主要部分是一个好习惯。根据“Its a good h.to make vegetables a main part of each meal.”可知，把蔬菜作为每顿饭的主要部分是一个好习惯，habit“习惯”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填(h)abit。35句意：然而，有些人认为蔬菜不如肉类那么受欢迎，所以当蔬菜和肉一起吃的时候，他们往往会选择肉类而不是蔬菜。根据“Ho

48、wever, some people think that vegetables are not so popular compared with meat, so when vegetables are served together with meat, they often c.meat instead of vegetables.”可知，肉比蔬菜受欢迎，所以吃的时候会选肉，choose“选择”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形，故填(c)hoose。36句意：另一些人认为蔬菜的烹饪方法不熟练，使它们不好吃。根据“Others think vegetables are cooked i