中考英语知识归纳复习专题介词外研版.docx

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1、介词【介词】介词是一种虚词，表示名词、代词等与其他词的关系，不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语（如果是人称代词，则要用宾格），介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语或定语等。【时间介词】1.at,in与on介词用法示例at表示在具体的某一时刻。at10:00a.m.在上午十点钟表示在某个节日期间。attheSpringFestival在春节用于固定搭配。atnoon/night在中午/晚上attheendof在结尾in常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份）。inDecember在十二月inwinter在冬天in2018在2018年表

2、示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等。inthemorning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天“in+一段时间”表示“在(多久)以后”,常与一般将来时连用。Myfatherwillcomebackinaweek.我爸爸将于一周后回来。用于固定搭配。inthefuture在将来on表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几)。onOctober7th在十月七日onSunday在星期天表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上。onMondaymorning在星期一早上表示在具体的节日当天。onNationalDay在国庆节2. from,since与for介词含义用法例句from从

3、起常与to构成词组from.to.，意为“从到”。HegoestoworkfromMondaytoFriday.他周一到周五去上班。since自从以来+具体的过去时间点常与现在完成时连用。Ihavelivedheresince2010.自从2010年我就住在这儿了。+时间段+agoIhavelivedheresincethreeyearsago.自从三年前我就住在这儿了。for历时之久+时间段ShehastaughtEnglishforfiveyears.她教英语已经五年了。注：“for+时间段”也可用于其他时态中。3.before与after介词含义用法例句before在之前+时间点Illa

4、rriveinHangzhoubefore11:00a.m.我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。after在之后+时间点，常与一般将来时连用Shellcomebackafter5:00p.m.她将在下午五点后回来。+时间段，常与一般过去时连用HecamebackfromLondonafteraweek.一周后他从伦敦回来了。4.until,during与by介词含义用法例句until直到为止用于肯定句(谓语动词为延续性动词)。Hewaiteduntil9:00p.m.lastnight.昨晚他一直等到九点钟。直到才用于否定句(谓语动词为非延续性动词)。Ididntwakeupuntil10:00a.

5、m.我直到上午十点才醒来。during在期间+时间段，强调时间的持续性。Shelivedwithusduringtheseyears.这些年她和我们住在一起。by不迟于；在之前。+将来时间点，常与一般将来时连用。Itwillbecoolbytomorrowmorning.到明天早上，天气就会转凉了+过去时间点，常与过去完成时连用。Wehadlearnedabout1,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期末我们已学了约1000个单词。【考点训练1】1.China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum _ May，2017

6、. （ ）A.on B.in C.by D.at2.We usually have the first class _ 8:00 in the morning. （ ）A.in B.on C.at D.from3.More and more young people go skating _ winter. （ ）A.at B.in C.on D.to4.Ive had this mobile phone _ three years. （ ）A.by B.from C.for D.since5.His grandfather has been ill _ last year. （ ）A.for

7、 B.since C.from D.after6._ April 22nd,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways. （ ）A.In B.At C.On D.For【方位介词】1.at与in介词用法示例at表示地点时，多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置（如学校、家等）。athome在家atthestation在车站in表示地点时，多指较大的地方（如国家、城市等）。inChina在中国inShanghai在上海2.in,on与to介词用法例句in表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围以内)。Chinaisintheeas

8、tofAsia.中国在亚洲东部。on表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)。HubeiisonthenorthofHunan.湖北在湖南的北边。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。JapanistotheeastofChina.日本在中国的东面。【图解助记】3.over，above，on,under与below介词含义例句over在正上方(垂直，两者不接触)Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。above在的上方(不一定垂直，两者不接触)Raiseyourarmsaboveyourhead.把手臂举过头顶。on在上面(两者接触)Thereisabookont

9、hedesk.桌子上有一本书。under在正下方(垂直，两者不接触)Myfootballisunderthechair.我的足球在椅子下面。below在的下方(不一定垂直，两者不接触)Hedivedbelowthesurfaceofthewater.他潜入了水中。【图解助记】4.其他方位介词near在附近nextto在旁边，附近beside在旁边under在下面behind在后面inside在里面outside在外面along沿着acrossfrom在对面【考点训练2】1.Where is Mary flying?She is flying to France soon.She will ar

10、rive _ Paris on the morning of July 2. （ ）A.to B.at C.in D.on2.I cant see Lucy because she is _ the tree. （ ）A.in front of B.behindC.next to D.beside3.Russia lies _ the north of China. （ ）A.on B.to C.in D.at4.The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities. （ ）A.among B.in C.between D.at5.Oh,

11、my God! Ive left my keys in the room.Ill have to get in _ the window.Its dangerous.Youd better wait for your dad to come back. （ ）A.past B.over C.across D.through【方式介词】介词用法例句by表示“以方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用。Sheusuallygoestoschoolbybike.她通常骑自行车去上学。with表示“用工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”。Peopleofteneatwithchopsticksin

12、China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。in表示“用语言、语调、颜色等”。WhatsthisinEnglish?这个用英语怎么说？on表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”。Theytalkonthephoneeveryday.他们每天在电话上交谈。考点训练3】用适当的方式介词填空。1.I learn English _ keeping a diary _ English.2.Cut the orange _ the knife.3.My brother loves watching game shows _ TV.4.We can see _ our eyes.答案：by in with on

13、with【其他介词】介词例句about关于；对于Couldyoutellmeaboutyourlife?你能告诉我关于你的生活吗？from从；来自；表示距离HecomesfromAmerica.他来自美国。Howfarisyourhomefromhere?你家离这儿有多远？with与一起；附有Sheoftengoesshoppingwithhermother.她经常和妈妈一起购物。Idlikeahousewithagarden.我想要一个带花园的房子。without没有Theteacherleftwithoutsayingaword.那个老师一句话没说就离开了。of(属于)的Hereisaph

14、otoofmyfamily.这是我的一张全家福。for对于；为了Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast?你早餐想吃什么？Letmedoitforyou.让我为你做这件事。to向；到Doyouknowthewaytothezoo?你知道去动物园的路吗？as作为Wehaveajobforyouasawaiter.我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。against对抗；反对；靠着OurclassplayedagainstClassThreeandwewon.我们班和三班比赛并且赢了。Iamagainstheropinions.我不同意她的观点。【考点训练4】1.A persons li

15、fe is like a road _ lots of difficulties. （ ）A.by B.with C.along D.during2.She often brings home many books to read _ the library. （ ）A.from B.in C.for D.by3.Wild animals are our friends.We shouldnt kill them _ food or clothing. （ ）A.in B.with C.about D.for【介词短语】介词作为虚词，不能单独使用，常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。常见

16、介词搭配类型如下：1.介词+名词at noon/night在中午/晚上at home在家 at school在学校at work在工作 at the back of在后面at the beginning of在开始at the end of在结尾at the foot of在脚下 at the same time同时as a result结果 by bike/bus/car/train/plane骑自行车/乘公共汽车/小汽车/火车/飞机by the end of到结束时by the way顺便提一下for example例如in a hurry匆忙；急忙 in all总共；总计in a low

17、/loud voice低/大声地 in a word总而言之in bed卧床 in danger处于危险中in English用英语 in fact事实上in hospital生病住院 in (the) front of在前面in need在危难中in ones opinion在某人看来in order井然有序in person亲自；亲身in public当众；公开地in silence无声地in surprise惊奇地in the day在白天in the end最后in the future在将来in the hospital在医院in the middle在中间in time及时in t

18、rouble处于困境in turn轮流on business出差on fire着火 on foot步行on duty值日；值班on time准时；按时on sale在出售on show展览on the left/right在左/右边on the one hand,on the other hand一方面另一方面on the phone/on TV通过电话/电视on the way to在去的路上to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是with the help of在的帮助下2.be+形容词+介词be afraid of害怕be angry with对（某人）生气be born with

19、天生具有be busy with忙于be different from 与不同be excited about对感到兴奋be famous for因而闻名be fond of喜欢be full of/be filled with充满be good at擅长于be good/bad for对有好处/坏处be good/nice/friendly/kind to sb.对某人友好be good with善于应付的;对有办法be harmful to对有害be helpful to对有帮助be interested in对感兴趣be late for迟到be made of/from由制成be po

20、pular with受欢迎be proud of为感到自豪/骄傲be responsible for对有责任be satisfied/pleased with对感到满意be sorry for为感到抱歉be surprised at对感到惊奇/诧异be sure of/about确信；对有把握be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.在某方面要求严格be/get used to习惯于be worried about担心3.动词(+名词/副词)+介词ask sb. for.向某人要arrive at/in到达agree with sb.同意某人的意见ar

21、gue with sb.和某人争吵care for照顾;关心catch up with赶上deal with处理;应付depend on信赖;依靠do well in在方面做得好drop by/in顺便拜访fall in love with爱上help sb.with sth.帮助某人（做）某事hand in上交hear of/about听说hear from收到某人的来信keep away from远离keep.from阻止keep up with跟上knock at敲（门）knock into撞上laugh at嘲笑learn about了解learn from向学习pay for付费；付

22、出代价pay attention to注意；关注point at/to 指向；朝向talk about谈论talk to/with sb.和某人交谈wait for等待worry about担心4.其他介词短语according to根据after all毕竟；终究ahead of在前面long with随着at first首先at last最后at once立刻as for至于；关于because of因为 in order to为了instead of代替；而不是such as例如on ones own独自；独立thanks to幸亏；由于together with和一起up to直到；多

23、达【考点训练5】1.My son has a hard time learning English.I advise you to talk with him _ person. （ ）A.on B.of C.for D.in2._ the No.48 bus driver,all the passengers were saved.The driver managed to stop the bus before he died. （ ）A.Thanks to B.According toC.As for D.Instead of3.Jennys uncle is a scientist.S

24、he is proud _ him. （ ）A.from B.atC.in D.of4.When James arrived at the railway station,he tried to look _ a place to park his car. （ ）A.after B.at C.up D.for【考题热身】1.(2017云南)Many people like watching Chinese Poetry Conference(诗词大会) _ TV. （ ）A.in B.ofC.at D.on2.(2017临沂)A couple from Australia welcomed

25、five healthy babies _ January. （ ）A.at B.inC.for D.on3.(2017上海)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City _ the airport. （ ）A.at B.underC.on D.with4.(2017青岛)Which is your new English teacher?The young lady _ red over there. （ ）A.with B.inC.on D.for5.(2017广东)Its very kind _ you to lend

26、me your reusable shopping bags. （ ）A.of B.forC.to D.with6.(2017黔东南)They arrived at the airport of Huangping _ the morning of June 7th. （ ）A.in B.atC.by D.on7.(2017连云港)Im thirsty.Id like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad?I prefer a cup of coffee _ nothing in it. （ ）A.with B.withoutC.for D.to

27、8.(2017宿迁)Your gloves should be made _ leather,for they feel soft and smooth. （ ）A.in B.on C.for D.of9.(2017安徽)To my pleasure,my family is always _ me whatever I decide to do. （ ）A.above B.behindC.from D.through10.(2017德州)_，there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.I agree with you.The universe is so large after all. （ ）A.To my surprise B.To be honestC.In my opinion D.Again and again