专题04阅读理解之说明文-5年(2018-2022)中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编(广东专用)(原卷版).docx

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1、5年（2018-2022）中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编（广东专用）专题03 阅读理解之说明文（2022广东广州中考真题）Charles DarwinEarly yearsCharles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon r

2、ealized that he couldnt be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwins university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The

3、BeagleIn 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the thin

4、gs he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).Down houseAt home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he d

5、idnt want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be agains

6、t it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.Most scientists accepted Darwins theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was b

7、orn, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.10What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine?AHe didnt like seeing blood.BHe found the studies too difficult.CHe was pushed to give up by his family.DHe was advised to study natural science.11

8、Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin?AIt helped him to finish his study at the university.BIt allowed him to change his mind about his future.CIt gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.DIt got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.12In what order did the following

9、 happen in Darwins life?a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.c. He became interested in studying the natural world.d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.f. He studied

10、 the plants and animals on the islands he visited.AefcabdBcefabdCefacdbDcefdab13Why did the writer include the last paragraph?ATo introduce Darwins famous book.BTo tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.CTo explain why people accept Darwins ideas.DTo show Darwins influence on natural science.（2022广东广州

11、中考真题）When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to he

12、lp them in right ways.The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. Its important to make sure when to help a friend. For ex

13、ample, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to le

14、arn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better rela

15、tionships.19What is the purpose of the passage?ATo discuss why people help each other.BTo describe the problems of giving help.CTo introduce the advantages of giving help.DTo explain how we can help others properly.20What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean?ARequire.BDiscover.CSu

16、ggest.DRemember.21What is the main idea of paragraph 3?AAct as a good listener to your friends.BLearn how to give advice to your friends.CPay attention to your friends unusual acts.DBuild good relationships with your friends.22According to the writer, what should you do if your friends dont follow y

17、our advice on their serious problems?AKeep their problems as secrets.BLet them make their own decisions.CFind out the causes of their problems.DGet help from their trusted teachers.（2022广东广州中考真题）Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight, t

18、urn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welco

19、me to orienteering!In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the game

20、s, youll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order.At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If so

21、meone misses a control, they wont have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game.Orienteering Control CardCulture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by alw

22、ays pointing to the North.NameStart timeCourseAgeClassFinish time123456789101112Figure 123What will players carry in the game?AA map, a compass and a flag.BA flag, a compass and a card.CA compass, a map and a card.DA phone, a compass and a map.24Which of the following is a rule of the game?AYou dont

23、 need to mark the cards.BYou cant miss any of the controls to win.CYou have to find controls in numbered order.DYou must be the first to pass the finish line to win.25How many controls has Anna finished in the game?A9.B10.C11.D12.（2019广东中考真题）In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that

24、is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decid

25、e what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics. Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), che

26、mical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue). Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheel, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it. Energy A robot needs to be able

27、to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do. Intelligence A robot needs some kind of smarts. A programmer is the person who gives the robot

28、 its smarts. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.42TheunderlinedworditinParagraph2isabout _.AthetoyBthecharacteristicCthemachineDtheengine43Thechemicalsensorsmayhelparobotto _.ASeeBcatchChearDsmell44Inhowmanywayscanarobotpoweritselfaccor

29、dingtothepassage?ATwo.BThree.CFour.DFive.45TheChinesemeaningofIntelligenceinthelastparagraphis _.A能源B勤奋C智能D外观46Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ATohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.BTotellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.CTodescribethemovementofarobot.DTointroducethehistoryofrobots.（2019广东广州中考真题）They say tha

30、t “travel is the best teacher” and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about

31、 the countrys land and geography.Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xus father died and so, it seemed impossible for his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm

32、 and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her sons love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for thr

33、ee months every year, when there was less farm work.So at the age of twenty and with his mothers support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled t

34、hroughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go

35、 almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost, however. Progress w

36、as slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his journeysSadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally pri

37、nted years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.47What is the passage mainly about_.AThe general details of Xu Xiakes life storyBThe difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travelsCThe important discoveries made

38、 by Xu XiakeDThe influence of Xus book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake48Which of the following best describes Xus mother?AStrict but interesting BKind but uneducatedCHelpful and hardworking DSupportive and open-minded49Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels?AIt gave him the chance to meet differe

39、nt kinds of people.BIt helped him to save money and travel for a longer time.CIt allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.DIt was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.50What is true about Xus book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake?AIt was only made public after Xu died.BIt

40、made Xu very famous during his lifetime.CIt was the first travel book ever written in China.DIt was mainly about the different people of China.51What is the correct order for the following events from Xus life?a. He went on his first journey.b. His book was finally printed.c. He returned to his home

41、town for the last time.d. He developed an interest in books about other places.e. He started managing the family farm after his father died.Aa-e-d-c-b Bd-e-a-c-b Cd-e-a-b-c De-d-a-b-c（2019广东深圳市中考真题）Sending packets， shopping for everyday goods and even building a house， these are new skills that new

42、robots show at the World Robot ExhibitionRoBohoNScientists are recommending the latest talking robots They can be highly intelligent in their responses RoBohoN， just 10cm tall， makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum It can speak Chinese， English or any other language you

43、likeHuman SupportThis robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internetHRP5PAs world cities continue developing， there are building sites everywhere， but there arent enough people t

44、o build them HRP5P looks like a strong builder It stands at 1.8m tall and weighs 101 kgIt is created to carry out the heavy building tasksCarriRoCarriRo， in the shape of a toy bus， has friendly eyes on its front It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets It has a GPS to t

45、ravel The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo andget the package52How tall is the RoBohoN？A0.1 meterB1 meterC1.8 meterD101 meters53Which Robot is the best helper to the old peoples homes？ARoBohoNBHuman Support RobotCHRP5PDCarriRo54How does the owner

46、of the package open the CarriRo？Aby working as a postmanBby rolling around the streetCby following the GPSDby using the code55In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage？AcultureBsportsCscienceDpeople（2019广东深圳市中考真题）The journey to and from school is a major reason for stress throughout the

47、worldAnd the journey can even make you sickYet one city has found a way to make its train journeys more comfortable while offering enjoyable reading at the same time，just like in a libraryOn two train lines in Beijing，the underground cars（车厢）have been turned into libraries，but theyre not traditional librariesInstead of real copies of books，the underground cars provide ebooksWhen passengers get into the cars，they can see pictures of different book covers on the walls and eve