专题10阅读表达a-补全短文(六选五)-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题(四川成都卷).docx

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1、押四川成都B卷第四题阅读表达A：补全短文(六选五)本题主要考查考生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇和语法的能力，其目的在于评价学生在给定语境中正确理解并综合选用给定词汇以表达思想的能力，是融完形填空与阅读理解为一体的半控制性的一种综合型能力测试。其难度高于A卷的完形填空与阅读理解。学生只有把握文本的主题思想，进行逻辑推理和语篇分析，才能较好地完成该部分试题。通过语篇阅读，本题可以测试学生根据句中、句间和篇章信息，利用背景知识和上下文逻辑关系，恰当使用单词正确形式以实现达意的语用能力。通过阅读语篇，学生也能知奇趣英式幽默，品全球多元文化，增个体人文素养，长国际理解能力。分析成都近几年中考真题可知，补全短

2、文题型的命题特点具体如下： 1. 考查形式： 20132020年为6选5, 2012年为5选5；2. 文体： 说明文(10年10考)；3. 话题： 事物介绍(10年8考)、生活百科(2018; 2017)；4. 词数： 175390之间；生词量： 04个；5. 设题方式： 设空均匀，段首设空(10年10道)，段中设空(10年23道)，段尾设空(10年17道)，所给备选项以单句为主，少量涉及复合句。2014年选项为6个半句，其余年份为完整的句子(2013年两个备选项由两句话组成)。句子还原型题型的设空特点通常为在段首/段尾设空，一般考查以下两方面： 段首/段尾主题句。空格在段首，通常是段落主题句

3、或段落小标题；空格在段尾，一般是对上文或全文的总结概括； 段首/段尾过渡句/细节句。过渡句：在段首/段尾的句子有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段内容；细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。在段中位置设空，一般是段落的细节句或过渡句。因此考生做题时，一定要注意空格前后的关键词和过渡词，而不要因只关注题空选项，而忽略了所选选项内容是否与空格前后句内容一致。此外，还应掌握以下三大微技能。微技能1把握上下文语境，若文中没有明显的词汇复现、逻辑关系等关键词或句式的提示，考生可通过理解挖空处上下文语境来作答。具体方法如下：第一步

4、：理清文章结构、内容和事件的发展时间及过程。第二步：根据文章结构或事情发展顺序，找出设空处与前后文之间的关系(常见的有承上启下、总结、解释等)。第三步：根据前后文关系，联系语境与备选项，仔细对比选出正确答案。第四步：注意空前空后句中出现的代词，并确定其意义。弄清代词指代的是单数名词还是复数名词。结合指代意义和单复数解题。第五步：分析语境，注意空前空后句子语义上、逻辑上的关系。分析选项所表示的逻辑关系。将选项带入原文，检查逻辑是否合理。解答此类试题，通常需要考虑以下四类逻辑关系：并列递进关系(and, also, besides, then, first, second, not only .

5、but also ., in addition to等)、因果关系(because, because of, for, since, as, so, thanks to, as a result, therefore, for this reason等)、转折让步关系(but, however, yet, though, although, even if等)、解释例证关系(in other words, that is to say, it means ., in fact, such as, for example等)。具体如下：第六步：通读上下文，注意空前空后句子中出现的表示时间顺序或空

6、间顺序等的词汇，例如：first/second/third .；at the beginning/next/in the end .。第七步：按照文章发展逻辑确定空处所处“位置”，并分析选项。第八步：通读上下文，注意空前空后句子中出现的表示举例的词汇或语义，例如：for example, such as, like .。对比分析选项，结合空格前后的具体内容，找出可能合适的答案。第九步：介绍段落主旨时，常会有核心词汇复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。第十步：相似结构找线索成都补全短文的体裁为说明文

7、，说明文常采用“总分”或“总分总”形式，第一段说明文章的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后一段总结，各段之间多是平行关系。文章在句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时设空句是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。A（2020四川成都统考中考真题）根据短文内容, 从短文后的AF选项中, 选出5个适当的选项补全短文。Close friends, think alike?“What! You, too? I believed I was the only one.” Have you ever said something like this to someone? _1_It see

8、ms that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, “People regard friendship as a matter of similarity; they say that we love those who are like our-selves.” _2_ Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American repo

9、rted. The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. _3_ According to their scans, friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains l

10、it up while watching the videos, especially parts that are connected with motivation (动机), learning and memory. _4_“Seeing ones friends have similar behaviors will reinforce (强化) ones own values, opinions, and interests,” lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. _5_ Scientists from th

11、e University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone. The scientists did a test with first-year college students the first time they met in class. In this test, students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends.ANow,

12、there is some science behind this idea.BIf so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.CFriends share a lot of similarities, though there are some differences.DBut brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship.EHowever, people who werent friends had different r

13、eactions to the same videos.FAt the same time, scientists scanned their brains and recorded their brain activity.【答案】1B 2A 3F 4E 5D【分析】本文主要叙述大脑相似性可能会产生友谊，但这并不是友谊产生的唯一因素。1句意：如果是这样的话，你可能最终和这个人成为了朋友。分析上下文可知，前文提及可能与别人有相同的想法，后文说到相似之处似乎有助于建立友谊。所以此处内容与友谊和相似性相关。结合选项，故选B。2句意：现在，这个想法背后有一些科学依据。根据后句“Scientists

14、from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American reported.”可知，据科学美国人报道，加州大学的科学家称，朋友之间也有类似的行为。后文提及科学依据，所以此处与科学研究相关。结合选项，故选A。3句意：与此同时，科学家扫描了他们的大脑并记录了他们的大脑活动。根据后句“According to their scans, friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways.”可知，根据扫描结果，看了同一段视

15、频的朋友的反应是相似的。此处内容应与扫描相关。结合选项，故选F。4句意：然而，那些不是朋友的人对同样的视频有不同的反应。分析上下文可知，上文做了扫描的研究，指出看了同一段视频的朋友的反应是相似的，研究结果呈现的应该不止一种结果，结合选项，“那些不是朋友的人对同样的视频有不同的反应”符合，故选E。5句意：但是大脑的相似性并不是导致友谊的唯一因素。根据后文内容“Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are

16、to someone.”可知，德国莱比锡大学的科学家发现，友谊还取决于你和某人的身体距离，所以前文叙述的大脑的相似性并不是导致友谊的唯一因素，还有其他因素存在。结合选项，故选D。B（2021四川成都统考中考真题）The invention of barcodes (条形码) is based on a very simple idea. We only need to give each product a specific number and print it. _6_ It can simply print the number itself. But this can cause pr

17、oblems. For example, an unclearly printed “seven” could look like a “one” to a computer. Its also true for “three” and “eight”. _7_ We need a better way of printing numbers so that they can be read correctly at high speeds. Thats the problem barcodes solve. Each number in a barcode is shown by seven

18、 blocks of the same size. _8_ For example, the number “one” is shown in turn by two white stripes (条), two black stripes, two white stripes, and one black stripe. _9_ A barcode includes different parts and each one provides a specific meaning. The first part of a barcode tells you the country where

19、the product was made. For example, 690692 is the barcode for China. _10_ The final part is about the product itself. This is how barcodes work.AThen computers can read it directly.BAll information can be shown by barcodes.CThe next part tells you who produced the product.DAnd “nine” looks similar to

20、 “six” if you turn it upside down.EEven if you turn it upside down, it isnt similar to any other number.FThese are colored either black or white to show the number zero to nine.【答案】6A 7D 8F 9E 10C【分析】本文主要介绍了条形码的相关知识。6根据“We only need to give each product a specific number and print it.”可知，上文讲述了如何使用条形

21、码，与其对应的应该是选项A“然后计算机可以直接读取。”介绍接下来的步骤。故选A。7根据“For example, an unclearly printed seven could look like a one to a computer. Its also true for three and eight. ”可知，上文介绍仅仅打印数字会存在数字混淆的问题，选项D“如果你把它翻过来，九看起来和六很像。”符合语境。故选D。8根据“For example, the number one is shown in turn by two white stripes, two black stripe

22、s, two white stripes, and one black stripe.”可知，数字“1”可以用白色和黑色的条来表示，选项F“它们被涂成黑色或白色来表示数字0到9。”符合语境。故选F。9根据“Thats the problem barcodes solve.”以及“For example, the number “one” is shown in turn by two white stripes.”可知，条形码用白色和黑色的条解决了数字混淆的问题，选项E“即使你把它颠倒过来，它也和其他数字不一样。”符合语境。故选E。10根据“The first part of a barcod

23、e tells you the country where the product was made.”以及“The final part is about the product itself.”可知，此处介绍条形码的最后部分，选项C“下一部分告诉你是谁生产的产品。”符合语境。故选C。C（2022四川成都统考中考真题）补全短文 根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选项中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文。Brainstorming is the practice of coming up with ideas or solutions. _11_ But we do have some rules to

24、 follow for successful brainstorming. Focus on quantity (数量) over quality. When it comes to brainstorming, the more ideas, the better. Dont worry about the quality of your ideas for now. _12_ Remember that your goal is to come up with as many ideas as possible. Even if none of them are perfect, youl

25、l still have many creative ideas to use for your final plan. Encourage big or unusual ideas. _13_ Although unusual ideas may not be immediately practical, just creating those ideas gives your brain training. It can also help to produce creative solutions that are hard to come up with. _14_ Dont say

26、no to the ideas of others. You can put together the best parts of different ideas to create new, even better ones. Even if youre not brainstorming as a group, you should still think about sharing your ideas with others and asking them for their advice. You dont have to regard yourself as a very crea

27、tive person to come up with excellent ideas and solutions at once. _15_ Even if you dont find the perfect solution, just practicing it can help to improve your creativity. Put these tips together and you are sure to come up with some great ideas.AShare ideas with each other.BBrainstorming can help u

28、nlock ideas.CTheres no correct way to brainstorm.DJust say or write any idea that comes to mind.EYou can practice brainstorming skills whenever you want to.FDont give up your ideas, no matter how strange they seem to be.【答案】11C 12D 13F 14A 15B【导语】本文主要讲述了一些成功的头脑风暴要遵循的规则。11根据“But we do have some rules

29、 to follow for successful brainstorming”可知虽然没有头脑风暴的正确方法，但是有一些规则，选项C“没有正确的头脑风暴方法”符合语境。故选C。12根据“Dont worry about the quality of your ideas for now”以及“Remember that your goal is to come up with as many ideas as possible”可知不要担心想法的质量，只要想出尽可能多的想法，把它们说出来或者写下来，选项D“只要说出或写下想到的任何想法”符合语境。故选D。13根据“Encourage big

30、or unusual ideas”可知此处内容和不同寻常的或者奇怪的想法有关，选项F“不要放弃你的想法，无论它们看起来多么奇怪”符合语境。故选F。14根据“Dont say no to the ideas of others”以及本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了要和其他人分享想法，选项A“和其他人分享想法”符合语境。故选A。15根据“Even if you dont find the perfect solution, just practicing it can help to improve your creativity”可知此处说明头脑风暴的好处，选项B“头脑风暴可以帮助解锁想法”符合语境

31、。故选B。A（2023四川成都树德中学校考模拟预测）In many countries, tattoos are in fashion (时尚). On TV you can often see a famous actor or musician with a tattoo on his arm or foot. Many sports players have them, too. _16_ Forty percent of Americans aged between 26 and 40 have a tattoo, and 60 percent of customers in tatt

32、oo stores are women. These people are often professional people like doctor, teachers and lawyers.However, tattoos are not modern. In fact, they are very old in human history. For example, archaeologists (考古学家) found a human in ice from 5,000 years ago. He had 57 tattoos on his back, ankles, legs, k

33、nees and feet._17_ In ancient Egypt, people got tattoos because they were “beautiful”. But in ancient Rome, tattoos were negative (负面的) and put on criminals and prisoners. In India, tattoos were religious (宗教的).In the 16th and 17th century, European sailors (船员) arrived on the islands of Polynesia.

34、They saw tattoos for the first time. The people on the islands had tattoos on their shoulders, chests, backs and legs. _18_ The European sailors liked them and made their own tattoos, so the idea traveled to Europe. Tattoos in Polynesia are still important today. _19_So is there a connection between

35、 traditional tattoos and fashionable tattoos? And can you call tattoos a fashion? Chris Rainier is an expert in tattoos and his book Ancient Marks has photos of tattoos from all over the world. He thinks people in modem societies often have tattoos because they are a connection to the traditional wo

36、rld. _20_ They are permanent (永久的) and for life.AOften the tattoos were of animals or natural features like a river or a mountain.BIts normal to see people with tattoos all around the world.CTattoos were used for many different reasons.DBut tattoos arent a fashion like clothes or a haircut because y

37、ou cant put them on and take them off again like a jacket or a hat.EIn the US, tattoos are very popular.FThey show information about a persons history, their island or their job.【答案】16E 17C 18A 19F 20D【导语】本文主要介绍了纹身的用途和历史。16根据“Forty percent of Americans aged between 26 and 40 have a tattoo, and 60 pe

38、rcent of customers in tattoo stores are women.”可知有很多美国人纹身，选项E“在美国，纹身非常流行。”符合语境，故选E。17根据“In ancient Egypt, people got tattoos because they were beautiful. But in ancient Rome, tattoos were negative (负面的) and put on criminals and prisoners. In India, tattoos were religious (宗教的).”可知此处是介绍纹身的作用，选项C“纹身被用

39、于许多不同的原因。”符合语境，故选C。18根据“The people on the islands had tattoos on their shoulders, chests, backs and legs.The European sailors liked them and made their own tattoos, so the idea traveled to Europe”可知岛上的人们在肩膀、胸部、背部和腿部都有纹身，而且欧洲水手喜欢它们，并制作了自己的纹身，所以空处应填欧洲水手喜欢的东西，选项A“纹身通常是动物或自然特征，如河流或山脉。”符合语境，故选A。19根据“so t

40、he idea traveled to Europe. Tattoos in Polynesia are still important today.”可知是指在身上纹身的想法传到了欧洲，而且在如今波利尼西亚的纹身仍然很重要。选项F“它们显示了一个人的历史、他们居住的岛屿或工作的信息。”符合语境，故选F。20根据“They are permanent (永久的) and for life.”可知纹身是永久的，而且是终身的。选项D“但纹身不像衣服或发型那样是一种时尚，因为你不能像外套或帽子那样戴上又脱下。”符合语境，故选D。B（2023四川成都统考一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选项中，选出

41、5个适当的选项补全短文。 Can you imagine an AI chatbot (聊天机器人) competing with you in an examination? Do you think you could get higher scores than it? A new AI chatbot called ChatGPT recently passed a law school exam! Sounds crazy? _21_ ChatGPT was developed by US company Open AI. _22_ You can ask it to write s

42、tories and emails, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. According to a US survey of more than 1000 students, over 89 percent of them have used ChatGPT to help with homework. _23_ For example, New York City public schools dont allow students and teachers to use ChatGPT on the distr

43、icts networks and devices (设备). The measure (措施) comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on homework. _24_ “It does not develop thinking quality and problem-solving skills, which are necessary for studying and lifelong success,” said Jenna Lyle. Apart from bans

44、(禁令), teachers are making changes to their classes to prevent the use of ChatGPT. Some college teachers in the US try to include more speaking exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones. _25_ Some Canadian universities are making rules on its use, for both students and teachers. They have no

45、 plans to completely ban the tool so far. Some people said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not wise. “We have to know that AI is a tool people will use,” What we need to do is “change our learning, teaching and examinations”. In that way we can “have integrity (诚信) while recognizing the us

46、e of the tool”.AIt is a powerful tool.BSo it is very popular among students.CHowever, not all educators say “no” to ChatGPT.DSome schools in the US do not allow students to use it.EThe use of ChatGPT has raised heated discussions in the education world.FSome also worry that ChatGPT could be used to

47、spread incorrect information.【答案】21E 22A 23D 24F 25C【导语】本文主要介绍了AI聊天机器人ChatGPT的相关信息及教育界人士对ChatGPT的看法。21根据下文有些学校禁止使用ChatGPT而有些学校则不禁止。可推出此处讲这个聊天机器人引发了热议，E项“ChatGPT的使用在教育界引起了热烈的讨论。”符合语境。故选E。22根据“You can ask it to write stories and emails, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions.”可知ChatGPT是一个强大的工具，A项“这是一个强大的工具。”符合语境。故选A。23根据“For example, New York City public schools dont allow students and teachers to use ChatGPT on the districts networks and devices.”可知下文就美国不允许使用ChatGPT的学校给出了例子，D项“美国的一些学校不允许学生使用它。”符合语境。故选D。24根据“The measure comes out of worries that the