重难点21宾语从句-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(解析版).docx

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1、专项四 复合句 重难点21 宾语从句1.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.1.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (wh

2、om) they are waiting for?I dont know why the train is late.1.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。2.1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2.2. 一

3、般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.3. 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。3.1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow. I dont think (that) you are right.3.2.

4、如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.3.3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。Our teacher said that January is the first month of

5、the year.方法技巧宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。4.宾语从句种类具体分述4.1.that引导的宾语从句that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。4.1.1.t

6、hat 引导的宾语从句的用法4.1.1.1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：He is a good boy except that he is careless

7、. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。作be + 形容词结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：Im happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。4.1.1.2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见

8、到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 4.1.1.3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：She said (that) she wou

9、ld come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。4.1.1.4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那

10、是一部有趣的电影。and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。4.1.1.5. 如果宾语从句后还有

11、宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。4.1.1.6. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：我认为今晚他不能来。【误】I think he cant come this evening.【正】I dont think he can come

12、 this evening.他认为我们现在不在教室里。【误】He doesnt think we are in the classroom now.【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.【特别警示】含有否定转移现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：I dont think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？He thinks I can come, doesnt he? 他认为我能来，是不是？4.1.1.7. 如果宾语

13、从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？4.1.1.8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that .（据说）；It is known that .（众所周知）；It is reported that .（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is f

14、rom Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。4.2.疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即主语+谓语词序。带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。主句宾语从句Do you knowhow old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗?I knowhow old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。I dont knowhow old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。宾语从句how old Liz is是主句动词know的宾

15、语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ I dont know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。What should I do? 我该怎么办？ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ Plea

16、se tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ I dont know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ I dont remember w

17、here I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? I want to know how much this co

18、at costs. Where did you go yesterday? Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the matter? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him?

19、 We want to know what has happened to him.4.3.if/whether引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为是否。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。I wonder i

20、f/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。【拓展】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。I dont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。Let me know whether you

21、can come or not.2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。Success depends on

22、whether we make enough effort. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。Whether this is true, I cant say. Whether he is single, I dont know.5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished

23、my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为dont doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。中考考查重点：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。典例解析1. Do you know _?At 9:00 tomorrow morning.A. when the video meeting beganB. wh

24、en did the video meeting beginC. when the video meeting will beginD. when will the video meeting begin【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道视频会议什么时候开始吗?明天上午九点。考查宾语从句。问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句中从句语序应该为陈述句语序，因此排除B和D；根据答语“At 9 oclock tomorrow morning.”可知询问的应该是将来的事，用一般将来时，选项A是一般过去时，故选C。2.The policeman asked the little boy if _ his h

25、ome.A. he could findB. could he findC. he can find【答案】A【解析】句意：警察问那个小男孩能否找到他的家。考查宾语从句。he could find他能找到，陈述语序；could he find他能找到，疑问语序；he can find他能找到，陈述语序。分析句子结构可知此处是if引导的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B，结合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态，排除C。故选A。一、单项选择1（2022云南昆明统考中考真题） Could you please tell me _ when they meet for th

26、e first time in China? They usually shake hands.Awhat do people usually doBwhat people usually doCwhere do people usually goDwhere people usually go【答案】B【详解】句意：你能告诉我人们在中国第一次见面时通常会做什么吗？他们通常握手。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“They usually shake hands”可知上文询问第一次见面做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选B。2（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）Can you

27、 tell me _?To get practical skills.Awhat do you learn about safetyBwhen do you have the art festivalChow you balance your studies and hobbiesDwhy you learn cooking at school【答案】D【详解】句意：你能告诉我你为什么在学校学烹饪吗？为了获得实用技能。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；再由“To get practical skills”可知此处询问做某事的原因，用why引导的宾语

28、从句。故选D。3（2022江苏宿迁统考中考真题）Jenny, do you know _?Er, next Tuesday.Awhen the sports meeting will take placeBwhen will the sports meeting take placeCwhere the sports meeting will take placeDwhere will the sports meeting take place【答案】A【详解】句意：珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？额，下周二。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“next Tuesday

29、”可知上文询问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。4（2022广西梧州统考中考真题）Mr.Brown, could you tell me _ our Chinese exam?Sure. It will be in Room 201.Awhen will we haveBwhere will we haveCwhen we will haveDwhere we will have【答案】D【详解】句意：布朗先生，你能告诉我语文考试在哪里举行吗？当然可以。在201房间。考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除AB选项。根据“It will be in Room 201.”可知是指地点，用wh

30、ere引导宾语从句，故选D。5（2022广西贵港统考中考真题） I wonder _. Im not sure. Maybe yes.Aif has Dave got his drivers licenseBhow long has Dave got his drivers licenseCif Dave has got his drivers licenseDhow long Dave has got his drivers license【答案】C【详解】句意：我想知道Dave是否取得了驾驶证。我不确定。或许是的。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和B选项。根据答语“Im

31、 not sure. Maybe yes”可知，从句应是询问是否考取了驾驶证，故选C。6（2022四川乐山统考中考真题）Hi, Jack. Do you know _? I want to thank him or her in person. No, it was just left on the front desk.Awho sent my wallet backBwhere did they find my walletChow much money was in my wallet【答案】A【详解】句意：嗨，杰克。你知道是谁把我的钱包送回来的吗？我想亲自感谢他或她。不知道，只是放在前

32、台了。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；根据“I want to thank him or her in person.”可知，此处是问谁把我的钱包送回来的，用who引导的宾语从句，故选A。7（2022湖南岳阳统考中考真题）They wonder _.Aif robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 yearsBif will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 yearsCwhen robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years【答案】A【详解】句意：

33、他们想知道是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考。考查宾语从句。动词“wonder”后是宾语从句，是陈述句的语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语动词”。B的语序错误。根据“wonder”可知宾语从句表达的含义不确定，用“if”引导从句。A选项“if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years”，表达“是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考”，符合题意。故选A。8（2022四川广元统考中考真题）The 2022 Winter Olympics was held in China. Do you know _?Yes. In Beijing a

34、nd Zhangjiakou.Awhen it was heldBwhen was it heldCwhich cities was it held inDwhich cities it was held in【答案】D【详解】句意：2022年冬奥会在中国举行。 你知道它在哪些城市举行吗？是的。 在北京和张家口。考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know”可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除BC选项；再根据“In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.”可知，此处是询问的是地点，在哪些地方举办。故选D。9（2022湖南怀化统考中考真题）Do you know _?She is

35、a teacher.AWhat is Lindas jobBWhat Lindas job isCWhat was Lindas job【答案】B【详解】句意：你知道琳达的工作是什么吗？她是一名教师。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A/C选项，主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，结合回答可知，询问现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故选B。10（2022江苏无锡统考中考真题） There will be a robot on show in our school next week. Really? I wonder _.Awhat it likesBwhat it is likeCwhat

36、 does it likeDwhat is it like【答案】B【详解】句意：下周将有一个机器人在我们学校展出。真的？我想知道它是什么样的。考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除选项C、D；根据“There will be a robot on show in our school next week.”可知，询问机器人是什么样子，故选B。11（2022黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题） I wonder _ Dr. Li will be at work tomorrow, sir. Im not sure. He is volunteering in a community.Ahow

37、BifCwhy【答案】B【详解】句意：先生，不知道李医生明天是否在上班。我不确定。他在一个社区做志愿者。考查宾语从句。how如何；if是否；why为什么。根据“Im not sure.”可知，对方是问李医生是否在上班。故选B。12（2022江苏镇江统考中考真题）SHENZHOU-14 was lifted off successfully! Could you tell me _?Ain which centre it will be lifted offBwho entered China Space Station this timeCwhat will it mean to the de

38、velopment of ChinaDthat three astronauts entered China Space Station【答案】B【详解】句意：神舟14号成功发射了！你能告诉我这次是谁进入了中国空间站吗？考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语，据此排除C选项，A选项形式错误，排除；此句是询问对方一件事情，D选项不符合，故选B。13（2022山东济南统考中考真题） Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me _? Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.Awhere

39、 is the nearest cinemaBwhere was the nearest cinemaCwhere the nearest cinema isDwhere the nearest cinema was【答案】C【详解】句意：打扰一下。我是新来的。你能告诉我最近的电影院在哪里吗？当然。直走，你就会看到它在你的左边。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；再由“Can you tell me .?”可知主现从不限，此处问电影院的位置，用一般现在时，排除D。故选C。14（2022湖北荆州统考中考真题） I am worried _ I can

40、enter a good high school or not. Work hard and trust in yourself.AwhyBwhatCwhetherDwhere【答案】C【详解】句意：我担心能否进入好高中。努力工作，相信自己。考查宾语从句。 why”为什么”；what”什么”；whether”是否”, whether.or not”是否”；where”哪里”。根据“Work hard and trust in yourself.”可知，我担心我能否进入一所好的高中。故选C。15（2022山东滨州统考中考真题）Do you know _?Yes. We should try to

41、 waste less but recycle more.Ahow can we live a green lifeBhow we can live a green lifeCwhy should we live a green lifeDwhen we should live a green life【答案】B【详解】句意：你知道我们如何过绿色生活吗？是的。我们应该尽量少浪费，多回收利用。考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know.”可知，此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除AC选项；再根据“We should try to waste less but recycle more.”可知，这

42、是过绿色生活的方式，用how引导宾语从句。故选B。16（2022广西河池统考中考真题）David, could you tell me _?He is tall and has short hair.Awhat our new P.E. teacher looks likeBwhat our new P.E. teacher likesCwhere our new P.E. teacher comes fromDwhen our new P.E. teacher was born【答案】A【详解】句意：你可以告诉我我们新来的体育老师长什么样吗？他个子很高，短头发。考查宾语从句。what our

43、 new P.E. teacher looks like我们新来的体育老师长什么样；what our new P.E. teacher likes我们新来的体育老师喜欢什么；where our new P.E. teacher comes from我们新来的体育老师从哪里来；when our new P.E. teacher was born我们新来的体育老师什么时候出生的。根据答句“He is tall and has short hair.”可知他个子很高，短头发。可推测问题应是询问我们新来的体育老师长什么样。故选A。17（2022上海模拟预测） The table tennis matc

44、h is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong. Yes, but I never doubt _ our team will win.AifBthatCwhetherDwhy【答案】B【详解】句意：乒乓球比赛真让人兴奋。对方的队伍真的很强大。是的，但是我从不怀疑我们队会赢。 考查宾语从句。if如果；that无意义；whether是否；why为什么。根据“.our team will win.”可知此句用that引导，无意义，不作成分。故选B。18（2022上海统考二模）My dad promised on his birthday t

45、hat he _ smoking in the near future.Awill give upBwould give upCgave upDhad given up【答案】B【详解】句意：我爸爸在他的生日上承诺，在不久的将来他将会戒烟。考查宾语从句中的动词时态。根据从句中时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时，但主句是一般过去式，根据宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，所以从句的一般将来时要变成过去将来时would do结构。故选B 。19（2022重庆校联考一模）Her mother hopes _ be a dancer in the future.Aher toBher

46、 canCshe canDshe to【答案】C【详解】句意：她妈妈希望她将来能成为一名舞者。考查宾语从句。句子谓语动词hopes“希望”后接从句或动词不定式作宾语，但没有hope sb. to do sth.的结构，故排除选项A；本句话为省略引导词that的宾语从句，从句主语为“她”，用主格she，排除选项B；D项中to be为非谓语，此处应使用谓语can be，故选C。20（2022江苏淮安校考一模）I am having some problems with my son. He seems to say no to _ I say. Its necessary for you two to have more communication.AwheneverBhoweverCwhateverDwherever【答