重难点07介词和介词短语-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(原卷版).docx

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1、专项一 词汇 重难点07 介词和介词短语1. 表时间的介词1.1.at,on和in的用法用法例子at通常用于具体的时刻、年龄或重大节日前。at eight oclock在8点at Christmas 在圣诞节on主要用于星期几、具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前。也可用于节日前。on 29th July在7月29日 on Monday 在星期一in强调时间段，即在较长的一段时间内，后多接表示年代、月份、季节等的名词或泛指的一天的上午、下午或晚上。I bought my new clothes in May.我5月买的新衣服。1.2.辨析：in和after的区别介词用法in加时间段，用于将

2、来时，表示将来一段时间后。after加时间段，用于过去时，表示从过去某个时间点算起一段时间后；加时间点，既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。1.3.for,during和since的用法介词用法例句“for+时间段”表示“延续多久”，作时间状语时，句子时态可用过去时、现在时或将来时。He lived in London for two years.他在伦敦住过两年。during表示“在期间”，与表示一段特定时间的名词（短语）连用，强调时间的延续；也可表示某段时间内自始至终的状态。During the summer she worked as a lifeguard.夏天她当过救生员。“since+时

3、间点”表示“（自过去某时延续至今的）一段时间”，常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用The factory has been here since the 1970s.这家工厂从20世纪70年代起就在这里了。1.4.until的用法until 用于肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前的谓语动词多用延续性动词；用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词。例 I didnt go to bed until ten oclock.直到10点我才上床睡觉。在否定句中多与非延续性动词连用例He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 p.m.他被允许晚上熬夜到11

4、点。2. 表地点、方位的介词2.1.in,on和at的用法介词用法例句in表示“在里”；表示“在。上”时，暗示占去了某物的一部分；表示地点时，多指较大的地方。He lives in Shanghai.他住在上海。on意为“在之上”，表示与物体的表面有接触。The English book is on the desk.英语书在桌子上。at表示地点时，多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置。We live at No.87 Beijing Road.我们住在北京路87号。2.2.above,over,under和below的用法介词用法例句above 指离开物体表面而在其上方，但不一定是正上方，反义词

5、是below.The bird is flying above my head.那只鸟在我头顶上飞。I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.我听到窗户下面的院子里有人在说话。over指垂直的上方，与under相对。over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。还可表示一物被另一物覆盖The bridge over the river has a long history.河上的这座桥历史悠久。Write your name under your picture.在你的照片下面写上名字。2.3.across,through和past的用

6、法介词用法例句across表示从表面通过，动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。Tom is swimming across the river.汤姆正游过那条河。through 表示从某一空间内穿过，强调动作在某一物体的内部进行。She smiled at him as he walked through the door.他从门口进来时，她朝他笑了笑。past强调从某一物体的一旁经过。She waved as she drove past.她开车经过的时候挥了挥手。2.4.between和among的用法介词用法例句between用于两者之间或者多者以上的两两之间，常用于结构“between.an

7、d.”。I sat down between Sarah and Jane.我在萨拉和简之间坐了下来。among用于三者或三者以上之间。She was the eldest among them.她是他们当中年纪最大的。3. 其他常考介词3.1.表示方式的by,with和in的用法介词用法例句by表“以方法手段”或“乘坐.交通工具”。She earns her living by selling cars.她以卖车为生。with表示“用工具手段”，一般接具体的工具或手段。He signed his name with a pen on the paper.他用钢笔在文件上签了字。in表示用某种

8、材料或语言、声音等。Whats this in English?这个用英语怎么说？3.2.against的用法against意为“反对，违背；倚着，靠着；碰撞；逆着；以为背景”等。例The board warns drivers against passing the bridge.这个牌子提醒司机大桥禁止通行。例Thats against the law.那是违法的。例The teachers desk is against the wall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。例The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。例His red clothes stoo

9、d out clearly against the snow.他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。3.3.for的用法用法例句表示对象或用途，意为“给，对”Its a book for children.这是一本儿童读物。表示目的，意为“为了，供”。Ive bought him a watch for his birthday.我给他买了一块手表当作生日礼物。表示去向，意为“往，向”。Is this the bus for Chicago?这辆公共汽车是去芝加哥的吗？4. 介词的常用搭配4.1.介词与名词的搭配the way to.去往的路in trouble 处于困境in style流行，时髦in

10、order 有序地at the top of.在的顶部at the end of.在结尾in the middle of.在中间in(the)front of.在.前面at the age of.在岁时in the end 最后at the moment 此刻with the light on 开着灯on show展出on duty 值班on business 出差on the phone 通过电话by the time.到时候为止thanks to 由于，幸亏with the help of.在的帮助下thanks for 感谢to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是on time 按

11、时on a/an.team 参加队in time 及时in general 通常，大体上for example 例如in fact 事实上as a result结果.4.2.介词与动词的搭配ask sb.for.向某人要die of/from死于do well in/be good at 擅长于fall off 摔下get away 离开give in 屈服help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事hear from.收到的来信learn about 了解laugh at 嘲笑pass away 去世spend.on sth.在某物上花费.talk about sth.谈论某事take a

12、fter 长得像turn to.向求助wait for等待.4.3.介词与形容词的搭配be late for 迟到be proud of.为自豪be popular with.受欢迎be thirsty for.对渴望be worried about.为担忧be full of/be filled with 充满be famous for.因而闻名be good/bad for.对有益有害be helpful to.对有帮助be harmful to.对有害be mad at. 对非常愤怒be interested in.对感兴趣be well-known to.被熟知be excited a

13、bout.对感到兴奋be afraid of.害怕be friendly to sb.对某人友好be angry with.对生气be sorry for.对难过be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格.4.4.其他介词短语up to直到，多达as for关于，至于ahead of.在之前along with 随着after all 毕竟，终究because of 因为instead of而不是together with.和一起best of all 最好的according to 根据. 介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，

14、一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。中考考查重点：1. 介词辨析；2. 介词短语辨析。介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。典例解析1（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）秋天，树叶变黄，从树上落下。_【答案】In autumn, leaves turn yellow and fall off the trees.【详解】句子是陈述句，是一般现在时。表达“在秋天”用介词短语“in autumn”，是时间状语，放在句首。主语是“树叶”是复

15、数概念，用复数名词“leaves”。表达“变”，用系动词“turn”。表达“黄”用形容词“yellow”作表语。表达“落下”用动词短语“fall off”，表达“树”用名词“trees”作宾语。用连词“and”连接动词形成并列结构。故填In autumn, leaves turn yellow and fall off the trees.一、单项选择1（2022河北统考中考真题）Look! The fish is swimming fast _ the river.AatBinCofDby2（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）You can only achieve success _ hard

16、 work.AacrossBaboveCthroughDinto3（2022北京统考中考真题）We have history class _ three oclock every Friday afternoon.AatBonCinDto4（2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）The traffic light is green. Lets go _ the road.AagainstBamongCacrossDabove5（2022江苏宿迁统考中考真题）_ spring, the days are often windy and bright. Its a perfect time to fly

17、 a kite.AonBInCAtDWith6（2022重庆统考中考真题）Fathers Day comes _ June every year.AinBonCatDto7（2022云南统考中考真题） How do you relax in your free time? _ doing sports and listening to music.AAtBOnCInDBy8（2022四川达州统考中考真题）Can you tell me something about Dazhou, Lin Hui?No problem. Its _ the northeast of Sichuan Provi

18、nce and its famous _ its natural gas.Ain; forBin; asCon; asDto; for9（2022湖北十堰统考中考真题）I have no money on me because I often pay _ things through WeChat (微信).AtoBofCbyDfor10（2022江苏镇江统考中考真题）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls _

19、May.AinBatConDto11（2022云南昆明统考中考真题）With the teachers help, I have realized Im not the center _ the world and learned to put myself in others shoes.AofBbyCupDunder12（2022江苏无锡统考中考真题）Our English teacher came into the classroom _ a smile on her face.AinBoverCwithDagainst13（2022山东济南统考中考真题）World Book Day i

20、s _ April 23 every year.AonBinCatDby14（2022辽宁盘锦统考中考真题）Vincent sometimes sits _ the river and listens to music.AonBbyCoverDunder15（2022江苏徐州统考中考真题）We need to guard _ any possible danger around us.AforBoverCwithDagainst二、完成句子16（2022山东枣庄统考中考真题）English is the most difficult _ _ in all of the subjects. 在所

21、有的科目中，英语对我来说是最难的。17（2022天津南开统考二模）玲玲坐在大明旁边。Lingling sits _ _ Daming.18（2022广东广州广州大学附属中学校考一模）冬奥会期间，这家餐厅为来自世界各地的运动员提供六百多道不菜品。_ 600 dishes _ _ _ the global athletes in this restaurant during the Winter Olympics.19（2022湖北襄阳模拟预测）这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃实现自己梦想的尝试。(achieve)The spirit of these climbers shows u

22、s that we should never _.20（2022江苏淮安统考二模）马来西亚位于东南亚，占地面积大约33万平方公里。Malaysia _ South East Asia. It _ about 330 thousand square metres.三、单词填空21（2022山东日照统考中考真题）We all volunteered on the farm e_ Tom, who was ill at home.22（2022四川内江统考中考真题）The whole class went camping e_ Tom, because he was seriously ill.23

23、（2022山东泰安统考二模）A_the four great classical Chinese novels, my favourite is Journey to the West.24（2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）A policeman is standing _ (在中间) the road directing the traffic.25（2022江苏盐城统考中考真题）We like to play by quiet streams or _（在下面）the tall trees while camping.26（2022黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）In fact, there a

24、re differences _ (介于之间) two countries culture.27（2022广西南宁统考一模）There is a low brick wall _ the garden and the field beyond.（在之间）28（2022江苏南京模拟预测）Look, a boy is sitting under a tree, with his back _ (靠着) it.29（2022湖南常德统考中考真题）Pupils were able to see a new movie on TV called Monkey King _ November, 1979.30（2022湖南永州统考中考真题）Mao Zedong was born _ Shaoshan in 1893 and he returned to live here for a short time in 1927.