重难点45书面表达之说明介绍类-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(解析版).docx

《重难点45书面表达之说明介绍类-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(解析版).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《重难点45书面表达之说明介绍类-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(解析版).docx（18页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专项五 中考题型 重难点45 书面表达之说明介绍类要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：一审 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定 一定要点：根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法：常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳的说明方法。三理 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚、脉络明晰。四查 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态

2、语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。 人物说明文写作要求人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要又重点突出地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。写人物说明文一般包括以下几点： 1. 出生年月；2. 主要经历；3. 事迹成就；4. 影响、评价。叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。语言简洁生动：说明文的目的是向读者介绍他们不了解、不熟悉的人物

3、、事理等，因此说明文的语言要浅显、简洁、生动。时态语态：说明文常用一般现在时。如果说明的是人物、事物过去或将来的情况，则要用过去或将来的有关时态。另外，由于说明文重点放在被说明的人物、事物上，故有些说明文被动语态的使用频率相对比较高。写作摸板介绍人物典型事迹作出评价Can you.? Do you know.?He is called . We all .He often . One day. Not only. but also.引出人物He is . He was born. He graduated from. He likes.主题归纳【常用词汇】1. 表示外貌特征：beautiful

4、, big nose, black eyes, fat, good-looking, handsome, healthy, near-sighted, ordinary-looking, pretty, short, strong, tall, thin, with a big smile, white-haired, curly/ straight hair, medium height2. 表示性格特点：absent-minded, attractive, bad-tempered, bright, confident, friendly, generous, humorous, kind

5、, kind-hearted, lazy, naughty, smart, warm-hearted, wise, outgoing, quiet3. 表示兴趣爱好：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be pleased with, enjoy doing, expect to do, look forward to doing sth, put ones heart into4. 表示经历事迹：become a member of the , concentrate on doing sth, devote oneself to, encou

6、rage sb to do sth, fight for, have a good way of doing sth, make up ones mind to do sth, try ones best to do sth5. 表示他人评价：a model , be considered as, be famous / known as, be regarded as, make great contributions to our country, set a good example to all of us【常用句型】1. He/ She is really 他/她真的是2. He/

7、She looks like 他/她看上去像3. He used to be/ have 他过去常常4. Her favourite is 她最喜欢的是5. She is good at 她擅长 事物说明文写作要求事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。要写好事物说明文应注意以下几点：1. 要善于抓住事物的特征

8、介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。2. 要遵循一定的顺序介绍一件事物，目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：（1）时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。（2）空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。（3）逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表

9、及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。3. 运用恰当的语言介绍事物，文字要力求简洁、明白、准确。除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。注意事项事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。写作摸板写作模板参照学科网备战2023年中考英语高分作文之研读中考作文真题总结黄金模板 说明文是中考书面表达题中常见的写作形式。在初

10、中阶段，说明文主要要求考生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚的描述，考查考生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示转化为完整文字信息的能力。事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。 人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要又重点突出地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功

11、能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。中考五星高频考点，题目难度中等，在全国各地中考试卷选填题中均有考查。 易错归纳易错点01：审题不认真，仓促下笔。要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。易错点02：没有确定文章的要点和说明方法。考生应该根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳的说明方法。易错点03：没有理顺文章脉络。理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各

12、中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚、脉络明晰。典例解析（2021甘肃天水中考真题）学习一门新的语言不是一件容易的事情，不过万事都有规律可循。请根据思维导图提示的语言学习经历和经验，以 “How can we become good language learners?”为题，写一篇英语短文。要求：1. 应包含思维导图提示中所有要点，可适当进行拓展；2. 词数：80词左右；3. 书写工整规范；4. 标题、首末段已给出，不计入总词数，无需抄写在答题卡书面表达作答区域；5. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。How can

13、 we become good language learners?What makes a good language learner? There are some things that good language learners do and some things they dont do._Dont forget that its never too late to become a good language learner.【参考范文】How can we become good language learners?What makes a good language lea

14、rner? There are some things that good language learners do and some things they dont do.First, dont be afraid of making mistakes. People often get things wrong. Good language learners notice their mistakes and learn from them. Second, do group activities. People use language to communicate with othe

15、r people. Also, be sure to use a dictionary. Good language learners often use dictionaries to check the meaning of words they dont know. Third, good language learners have fun with the language. Watch a film, listen to songs, play video games or read a book. At last, think in the language youre lear

16、ning outside the classroom.Dont forget that its never too late to become a good language learner.【详解】1.题干解读：题目要求根据思维导图的提示，写一篇题目为“How can we become good language learners?”的短文。2.写作指导：本文时态为一般现在时为主，人称主要为第三人称。根据思维导图所给的要点提示进行写作，可适当发挥，注意表达清楚自己的观点，并给出合理的理由和建议来支撑观点，写作时注意语句通顺、语法正确、条理清晰。（2022河北迁安市教研训中心模拟预测）20

17、22北京冬奥会赛场上，中国天才少女谷爱凌因超人的运动天赋、乐观的个性和不断挑战自我的形象，成功收获了众多粉丝的喜爱。谷爱凌曾直言，天分仅仅是一部分，而大部分是努力以及自律的生活方式。请你根据下面的表格，介绍一下这位人气偶像，并谈谈你从她身上学到了什么。NameEileen GuBirthSeptember 3rd, 2003Familyfather （American）, mother （Chinese）Hobbyhorse riding, piano, skiingExperience and achievement（成就）3 years oldstart skiing9 years old

18、become a champion （冠军）the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympicstwo gold medals （金牌）提示: 1.What do you know about Eileen Gu?2.What can you learn from her?要求：1. 短文须包括表格中所给的全部信息和提示中的两项要点，可适当发挥。2. 文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。3. 词数80个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。参考词汇：talent天赋 self-discipline自律My idol（偶像） is Eileen Gu. _【参考范文】My idol（偶像

19、） is Eileen Gu. Can you tell us something about her? Do you want to know something more about her?Now I introduce her to you .She was born on September 3, 2003. She is 1.75 meters tall. Her father is an American person. Her mother is a Chinese person. She has many hobbies, such as horse riding, pian

20、o, skiing and so on. She studied skiing at the age of three and soon showed her talent. When she was 9 years old, she became a champion. In the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, she won two gold medals and one silver medal. She will enter Stanford University in the fall of 2022. I think Gu Ailings

21、achievements and talents are only part of it. Most of them are hard training and self-discipline lifestyle. She is self-conscious and self disciplined. Ambition and love are the wings of Gu Ailings success.【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作，要求根据所给英文提示介绍中国天才少女谷爱凌，包括她的生日、家庭、爱好以及经历和成就。2. 写作指导：本文人称以第三人称为主；时态采用一般现在时为

22、主，用过去时描述经历。同时注意文章的连贯性，保证条理清晰。（2022山东聊城三模）老舍是20世纪中国最伟大的作家之一，请根据以下提示，以 “Lao She”为题，介绍一下老舍的经历和作品。人物经历作品老舍1899年出生在北京；1913年母亲把他送去师范学院； 1918年毕业后，变成小学校长；1924年，离家去英国；5年后回国；写了戏剧、小说、短篇故事。茶馆戏剧有三幕；展示中国普通人的生活；讲述了王利发和他北京茶馆顾客的故事。注意：1. 短文词数： 80 词左右。2. 短文必须包括以上要点，但可以适当增加内容，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Can you tell us something abo

23、ut Lao She? Do you want to know something more about him?Now I introduce him to you .Lao She is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the twentieth century. He was born in Beijing. His mother sent him to a teachers school in 1913. After finishing school in 1918, he became a headmaster of a primary

24、school. In 1924, Lao She left home and went to England and returned to China five years later. He wrote many plays, novels and short stories about peoples lives. Teahouse is one of Lao Shes most famous plays. The play has three acts and shows the lives of common people in China. It tells us the stor

25、y of Wang Lifa and the customers of his teahouse in Beijing. It describes the changes in Chinese society.He was called “the Peoples Artist”.We all love him and his works.【详解】总体分析 题材：本文是一篇记叙文； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第三人称为主。写作步骤第一步，对老舍进行整体的评价介绍；第二步，具体介绍老舍的个人经历；第三步，最后是介绍老舍的作品。亮点词汇

26、 one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 “最之一” send sb to sp 把某人送到某地 return to 回到高分句型 Lao She is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the twentieth century.（one of的最高级的结构） The play has three acts and shows the lives of common people in China.（and并列两个动词短语）（2022北京一七一中模拟预测）某英文网站正在开展以“冬奥吉祥物冰墩墩（Bing Dwen Dwen）”为主题的征文活动

27、。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈冰墩墩的外貌特点，象征意义，受欢迎的原因以及你的感受。提示词语：a baby panda, ice clothes, lovely image(可爱的形象), national treasure(国宝), expectations(期望) for the Games, welcome, collect, difficult to buy, be crazy about, classic提示问题：What does Bing Dwen Dwen look like?Why is it meaningful and popular?What do you

28、 think of it?Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot (吉祥物) of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games has become popular at home and abroad. _【参考范文】Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games has become popular at home and abroad. A pair of cuddly and lovely short ears, very cute. A pair of lar

29、ge round black eyes, the flow of the eyes, looking bright. Charmingly naive body shape, coupled with that signature black eye. Yes, this is my new friend “Bing Dwen Dwen”, the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Pandas are our national treasures. “Bing Dwen Dwen” is dressed up with a super e

30、nergy ice crystal shell on the basis of the panda prototype, which is very cool and full of scientific and technological sense. The face of the ice and snow sports helmet, time overflow color. The gorgeous and vivid lines instantly make you feel like you are in the short track speed skating arena, a

31、nd want to experience and feel the dream passion brought by the Olympic Games. If you are careful enough, you will also find that Bing Dwen Dwens left palm, a red heart pattern is unusually obvious. It represents our China as the host country, warm welcome to friends from all over the world.I like i

32、t very much. As the overall image of “Bing Dwen Dwen” resembles astronauts, meaning to create non-ordinary, explore the future; Also because every time I think of this new friend, I will use the Olympic spirit of excellence to motivate myself to do better in every little thing in life and study. I g

33、ave it a name worthy of the name. Nicknamed “Space Panda”.【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。要求根据提示问题，谈谈冰墩墩的外貌特点，象征意义，受欢迎的原因以及你的感受。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。2.写作指导：写作时要以第一和第三人称来行文，时态以一般现在时为主。作文可分为三段，第一段介绍冰墩墩的外貌；第二段介绍为什么它有意义、受欢迎；第三段介绍自己的看法。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。（2021江苏常州一模）随着科技的发展，越来越多的语音助手进入我们的生活，阿里巴巴发布的天猫精灵TmallGenie就是其中一款。假如你妈妈最

34、近刚买了一个送给你作为生日礼物。下图是有关天猫精灵的介绍，请你根据所提供的信息写一份对它的介绍。注意：1根据所给信息进行介绍，举例说明并适当发挥。2字数100字左右，短文开头已给出，不计入词数。天猫精灵它的外形外观小且易子携带色彩图案都美提供多种服务解答身边疑难播放音乐故事语音友情提醒你对它的评价Hello, everyone! Here, Id like to introduce TmallGenie that my mother bought for me as my birthday present._【参考范文】Hello, everyone! Here, Id like to int

35、roduce TmallGenie that my mother bought for me as a present. It is so small that it is convenient to carry wherever we go. Also, both its colours and pictures are beautiful.It can provide different kinds of service for us. Whenever we have problems with our life or study, just speak to it and it will offer us the h