备战中考初中英语考点03数词和主谓一致.docx

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1、一、数词 命题趋势： 数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 基数词；2. 序数词；3. 分数。数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。考向一：基数词的构成(1)012单独记。如： zero, one, two, three等。(2)1319的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13thirteen，15fifteen，18eighteen需要特殊记。(

2、3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20twenty，30thirty，40forty，50fifty，80eighty等。(4)几十几要加连字符号-。48forty-eight, 97ninety-seven等。(5)几百几十或者几百几十几在百后加and。156one hundred and fifty-six, 509five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘and。3,61

3、0three thousand six hundred and ten；94,295ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five；考向二：序数词的构成first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thsixth 6thseventh 7theighth 8thninth 9thtenth 10theleventh 11thtwelfth 12ththirteenth 13thfourteenth 14thfifteenth 15thsixteenth 16thseventeenth 17theigh

4、teenth 18thnineteenth 19thtwentieth 20thtwenty-first 21sttwenty-second 22ndthirtieth 30thfortieth 40thfiftieth 50thsixtieth 60thseventieth 70theightieth 80thninetieth 90thhundredth 100thone hundred and first 101st(1)第一、第二、第三分别是first, second, third。(2)第四到第十九除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都

5、在相应基数词后面加th构成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加-eth。如：thirtythirtieth; fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-onetwenty-first; one hundred and oneone hundred and first。基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty将y变成i，

6、th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie，要是遇上两位数，十位基数，个位序，th最后加上去。考向三：分数的表达法 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是1的情况外，序数词都要用复数。1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三英语分数巧记英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。【典例】【广东省中考】We are proud of

7、our country. The year 2019 is her _ birthday.A. seventyB. the seventyC. the seventiethD. seventieth【答案】D【解析】句意：我们为我们的国家感到骄傲，2019年是她的70岁生日。seventy70，seventieth第70；根据几岁生日时用序数词，当序数词前有形容词性的物主代词时，要把the省略掉；故选D。考向四：数词和主谓一致1. 就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。【典例】【甘肃省天水市】_ students in our class _ going to the summ

8、er camp in Beijing next week.A. Two fifths; isB. Second fifths; areC. Second fifths; isD. Two fifths; are【答案】D【解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。【点睛】点睛：本题考查的知识点有分数的表达和主谓一致，一般情况下，表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，如果分子大于1，表示分母

9、的序数词要用复数形式，如：two thirds 三分之二。由分数或百分数名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：60% of the students in our class are girls.我们班60的学生是女生。Two thirds of the apple is red.这个苹果的三分之二是红色的。主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。主语从句非谓语，many a再加more than one，谓语动词均用单。or，nor，but also，th

10、ere be，近主原则挂嘴边。主语neither，either，one，谓语总是用三单。主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三。时间、价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看。no，each，every后用单，两件/种事物/情系一概念。二、主谓一致命题趋势：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。 中考考查重点： 主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 主谓

11、一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。考向一：主谓一致的三个原则1. 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【典例】The woman behind the girls _ a famous actress. A. is B. areC. haveD. has【答案】A【解析】在

12、本句中，句子主语为woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、C两项。本句为系表结构，排除D项。故选A。2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。【典例】The Greens _ dinner in the kitchen now. A. is havingB. havingC. are having【答案】C【解析】the Greens意为格林一家；格林夫妇，表复数意义，故选C。3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)

13、连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【典例】【四川省广元市】Not only you but also I _ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.A. amB. isC. are【答案】A【解析】考查句子的主谓一致。句意：不仅是你，我也对卡通片粉红猪小妹感兴趣。A. am用于主语是I的一般现在时；B.

14、is用于主语是单数第三人称的一般现在时；C. are用于主语是复数的一般现在时。短语not onlybut also引导的主语和后面动词主谓一致遵循临近一致原则，比较近的主语I是第一人称，be动词用am, 故选A。【知识归纳】含义例句语法一致指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上

15、的语法联系。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上

16、有一支钢笔和一些书。考向二：并列结构作主语由and或both. and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考向三：名词+介词短语作主语名词或代词后接as w

17、ell as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考向四：不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，ei

18、ther，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等

19、作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？ Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。【典例】Now the students each _ an English-Chinese dictionary. A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having【答案】B【解析】have 当有讲时，不能用于进行时，排除C、D

20、；each用于主语the students之后作同位语，不影响谓语动词的数，故选B。考向五：There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。【典例】【湖南省郴州市】Lucy, there _ too many things on the desk.

21、 What a mess!Sorry, Mum. Ill put them away.A. haveB. isC. are【答案】C【解析】句意：露西，在桌子上有许多东西。真乱！对不起，妈妈，我将把他们收起来。A. have有；B. is是；单数；C. are是，复数。这里是there be句型，主语是too many things是复数，be动词用are。根据题意，故选C。考向六：特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国

22、的东方。(国名)Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. the+形容词作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficul

23、t for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中

24、国人说汉语。【典例】Physics _ more interesting than maths, I think. A. areB. isC. wasD. were【答案】B【解析】表示学科的名词physics，虽然是以-s 结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。这里指的是一般情况，用一般现在时，故选B。考向七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kil

25、ometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. one and a half+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。One and

26、 a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of. 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. none of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs

27、was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. a number of+名词复数表示许多/大量的，其后的谓语动词用复数；the number of+名词复数表示的数量，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果o

28、f后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。【典例】What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them _ from England. A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are【答案】A【解析】第一空处的主语为the number of the students，表

29、示学生的数量，故用is；第二空处的主语为A number of them，表示他们们的许多人，故用are。考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。【典例】To lose themselves

30、in the net bar _ on teenagers future. A. have a bad effectB. has a bad effectC. have a good effectD. has a good effect【答案】B【解析】单个的动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，因为沉迷网络对青少年的未来没有好处，所以选has a bad effect。【辨析】其他情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作

31、家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother，enjoy

32、s playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。the number of+复数名词作主语谓语用单数; a(good/large) number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，sho

33、es，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被a kind of/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either. or.，neither. nor.等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。

34、Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The family are celebrating Th

35、anksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。谓语动词只用单数的情况主语抽象表单一，集体名词整体看；and连接两名词，或人或物不可分；every，each以及no，并用and连名词；三eneither不定代，所构合成正式单；news，means，works，貌似复数实则单；还有ics结尾学科词，国，书，剧名兼格言；时重长度与价值，主单不受随行控；many，more than连单数，名词数量一个半，谓语单数不多看。谓语动词可单

36、可复的语法原则可单可复有8类，集体名词一大类，看作整体用单数，个体单看用复数；不定代词疑问词，部分、半数及剩余，这些作主看内容，该单该复看含义；The加分词形容词，指人一定是复数，若与分词指抽象，仍用单数莫迟疑；one of引导定从句，修饰复数是真的，若有the only在前头，从句指的是单一；人口数目与比例，大多、种类作主语；许多、分数、百分数，是单是复看意义；四则运算很随意。谓语动词用复数的情况人们加警察，家禽并牛群，常作复数没问题；服装鞋袜及手套，自然全是用复数。I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. Johnny was lucky enough to win the _ prize

37、in the math constant. (one)2. Its my _ time to win the English reading contest this year. (two)3. Lesson _ is the most difficult lesson in this English text book. (eleventh)4. China has become the _ country to send her astronauts into space. (three)5. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a present to her song

38、s _ birthday. (twelve)6. Shanghai is _ of the largest cities in the world. ( first) 7. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.8. Either you or he _ (have) made a wrong decision.9. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.10. The number of the teachers in the school _ (be) 120.II.

39、单项选择。1. _ of the students in our class have lunch at school. A. Two fifth B. Threes fifths C. One thirds D. Three quarters2. Mothers Day is on the _ Sunday in May every year. A. two B. second C. six D. sixth3. _ is more interesting than _ A. Lesson One；Lesson Two B. The first lesson；second lesson C.

40、 First lesson；the second lesson D. First Lesson；Second Lesson4. Not only I but also Jack and Mary _ tired of the examinations. A. isB. areC. amD. be5. How many teachers are there in your school? About 200. One third of them _ men teachers. A. haveB. hasC. areD. is1. （广东省中考）We are proud of our countr

41、y. The year 2019 is her _ birthday.A. seventyB. the seventyC. the seventiethD. seventieth2. （江苏省宿迁市）Wu Dajing, a _ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.A. 25-years-oldB. 25 year oldC. 25-year-oldD. 25 years old3. （甘肃省武威市）September is the _ month of a year.A.

42、seventhB. eighthC. ninthD. tenth4. （甘肃省兰州市）We gave away _ books to the school library last year.A. six thousandsB. six thousandC. six thousands ofD. six thousand of5. （湖南省郴州市）Every year, _ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.A. thousandB. thousands ofC. thousand of6. （山东省滨州市

43、）Which month of the year do you like best?July, the _ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.A. sevenB. sixC. seventhD. sixth7. （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）Wellcelebratethe _ NationalDaythisyear.Thatsreallyexciting。A.seventyB.seventeenC.seventieth8. （福建省中考）There _ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.A. isB. areC. be9. （甘肃省兰州市）In the near future, there _ self-driving cars in our city.A. isB. wasC. areD. will be10. （湖南省湘西州）There _ a boo