自考00832英语词汇学押题及答案含解析.docx
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1、目录简介 1Chapter 1 词与词汇的基本概念 2Chapter 2 英语词汇的发展 5Chapter 3 构词法一( Word Formation ) 8Chapter 4 构词法二( Word Formation ) 1 1Chapter 5 词义 (Word Meaning) 15Chapter 6 语义关系与语义场 19Chapter 7 词义的变化( Changes in Word Meaning ) 22Chapter 8 词义与语境( Meaning and Context )27Chapter 9 英语习语( English Idioms ) 30Chapter 10 英文
2、词典( English Dictionaries )343简介一 、单选题1.English lexicology is chiefly concerned with the basic( )of words in general and of English words in particular.A.structures B.relations C.theories D.equivalents二 、填空题2. From a point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, disregarding whatever change
3、s might betaking place.答案&解析1.【考点】动词英语词汇学的性质与领域( The Nature and Domain of English Lexicology ) 答案:C解析:本题得分的关键在于掌握词汇学的性质及内容。structures:结构 ,relations:关系 ,theories:理论 ,equivalents :对应词。英语词汇学是一 门以理论为导向的课程 。它主要涉及一般词汇的基本理论 ,特别是英语词汇的基本理论。 故选 C。2.【考点】学习方法( Methods of Study )答案: synchronic题干译文:从什么角度 ,可以不考虑词汇
4、所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇?一般来说 ,词汇 研究有两种方法:共时研究法( synchronic )和历时研究法(diachronic )。从共时( synchronic )的角度来 看,可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇。From a synchronic point of view, wordscan be studied at a point in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.答案为 synchronic。【延伸知识点】3.Semantic is the stud
5、y of( )of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. relations B.origins C.forms D.meanings延伸知识点答案&解析3.【考点】词汇学与其他科目的相关性( Its Relation to Other Disciplines答案:D解析:本题主要考查语义学定义 。relations: 关系 ,origins:来源 ,forms:形式 ,meanings:语义。 语义是对不同的语言层面意义的研究 , 包括:词汇、句法、话语、语篇等。故本题选 D。1Cha
6、pter 1 词与词汇的基本概念一 、单选题4.A word is a ( ) free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A.simple B.written C.minimal D.complex5.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaning? ( )A.There is intrinsic relationsh
7、ip between sound and meaningB.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds6.The differences between sound and form are the fo
8、llowing EXCEPT( ).A.the fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishB.stabilization of spelling by printingC.influence of the works of scribesD.innovations made by linguists7.The term vocabulary is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A.it can refer to the comm
9、on core of a languageB.it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC.it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD.it can stand for words in given dialect or field8.In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ( ) functional words.A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 59.Whic
10、h of the following is true about the basic word stock of English? ( )A. The basic word stock has undergone almost no changes.B. Words of the basic word stock are mostly polysyllabic words.C. Words of the basic word stock constitute a large percentage of the English vocabulary.D. The basic word stock
11、 has five characteristics, of which the most important is all national character.二 、填空题10.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given and meaning and syntactic function.11.A word is a that stands for something else in the world, and there is no logicalrelationship between the sound
12、and the meaning.2三 、名词解释12.Define the following term:vocabulary13.Define the following terms in English.translation-loan四 、简答题14.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.State the four classes of the loan-words according to the degree of assimilation and manner of borro
13、wing.答案&解析4.【考点】词是什么(What Is a Word)答案:C解析:本题考查词的含义。词是一种语言的最小自由形式 ,具有特定的声音、意义和句法功能 。minimal: 最小的。 故选 C。5.【考点】音与意(Sound and Meaning)答案:A解析:本题考查音与意的关系 。声音和意义的关系:(1). 声音和意义之间具有任意性 。( This symbolicconnection is almost always arbitrary. )(2). 声音与意义之间的关系是约定俗成的 。( The relationship between them is conventio
14、nal. )(3). 在不同的语言中,相同的概念可以用不同的声音来表示。( In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds. )所以只有 A 没有正确描述音与意的关系。故选 A。6.【考点】音与形(Sound and Form )答案:D解析:本题考查词的声音和形式之间产生差异的原因 。(1).the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, more phonemes than letters in English(音位数量多于字母数
15、量)(2).the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years(发音比拼写变化更快)(3).some of the differences were created by the early scribes; printing helped to freeze the spelling of words(早期的抄写员造成的 ,印刷术使得拼写变得稳定)(4).theborrowing is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary(外
16、来词) 。而 D 选项所说的“语言学家 的创新”不属于这四个原因。故选 D。37.【考点】词汇(Vocabulary )答案:A解析:词汇的含义包括: 1.一种语言里所有单词的集合 。( Total number of the words in a language. )2.特殊 历史时期使用的单词 。(Words used in a particular historical period. ) 3.某种方言 ,书籍 ,学科的词汇 ,甚至 可以指某个人的词汇量。(All the words of a dialect, a book, a discipline and the words po
17、ssessed by an individual person. )故选 A。8.【考点】实词与功能词(Content Words and Functional Words )答案:A解析:本题考查实词和功能词。功能词本身不具有实义 , 因此又称为虚词 。功能词(虚词)有介词、连词、助动词和冠词 。题干意思:在 句子“I like to see a movie. 中有几个功能词?I 是代词(代词属于实词) ;like 是动词(动词属于实词) ;to 是介词(介词属于虚词) ;see 是动词(动词 属于实词) ;a 是冠词(冠词属于虚词) ;movie 是名词(名词属于实词)所以本题只有 to
18、、a 两个功能词。故选 A。9.【考点】基本词汇与非基本词汇( Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary )答案:D解析:本题考查基本词汇的特征。The basic word stock has five characteristics, of which the most important is all national character. 句意: 基本词汇有五个特征 ,其中最重要的是全民性 。基本词汇的五个基本特征是全民性 (All-National character)、相对稳定性 (Stability) 、能产性 (Productivity)
19、 、多义性 (Polysemy)和搭配性(Collocability) 。其中最重要的是全民性 , 因为它是讲这门语言的人所必不可少的。故选 D。10.【考点】词是什么(What Is a Word)答案: sound解析:本题考查词的含义。词是一种语言的最小自由形式 ,具有特定的声音、意义和句法功能。sound:声音。11.【考点】音与意(Sound and Meaning)答案: symbol解析:本题考查词的含义用来表示世界上别的事物的符号 ,声音与意义之间的联系是任意的 。空白处 缺 symbol:符号。412.【考点】词汇(Vocabulary )答案:Vocabulary can
20、not only refer to the total number of the words in a language, but also can stand for all thewords used in a particular historical period.解析:本题考查词汇的含义 。一 门语言中所有的词的集合 ,就构成了这门语言的词汇 。“词汇 ”一词通常 用于不同的含义 。它不仅可以指一种语言的词汇量 , 而且可以代表一个特定历史时期使用的所有词汇 ,如 古英语词汇、 中古英语词汇和现代英语词汇 。我们也用它来指代某一特定方言、某本书、某一 学科的所有 单词以及某个人所拥
21、有的词汇量。13.【考点】本族词与外来词(Native Words and Borrowed Words)答案:Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language butmodelled on the patterns taken from another language.解析:本题考查翻译借词的含义。翻译借词是从英语中的现有材料中取材构成 ,但是模仿其他语言的构成方式 。比如:“long time no see”模仿了汉语中的“好久不见 ”
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