自考00600高级英语高频主观题汇总.docx

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1、目 录第一章 英译汉1第二章 回答问题2第三章 汉译英5第一章 英译汉节知识点名称主观题英译汉解题关键：1.英译汉出现在阅读理解文章中的划线部分，翻译时可以联系文章的整体内容进行推测。2.先找好主干：主谓宾，基本大意翻译准确。3.再找枝叶：定语从句、宾语从句等，让句子变得更加生动。4.重点短语和词组的准确翻译。找准主谓宾真题例句：1.“In other words,repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but nor necessarily much

2、else.”句意：换句话说“反复玩一个游戏教会你的是如何玩这个游戏以及如何玩得更 好，但不一定教会你其他的东西。”解析：主语 repeating a game over and over again ，谓语 teaches ，宾语从句 1： how to play the game and get better at it. 宾语从句 2： but nor necessarily much else.2.Giving its finding a close read might just help narrow todays generation gap so we can get on wi

3、th improving all generations prospects.句意：对这一调查结果进行仔细研读或许有助于缩小今天的代沟，这样我们 就可以在改善每一代人的前景方面取得进展。解析：本句话为动名词做主语。so 引导两个并列的句子。3.They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction.句意：尽管他们去教堂的次数没有从前多，但是他们仍然信教，也希望孩子 接受宗教教育。解析：

4、两个逗号之间的 even though 引导的句子是插入语，and 引导两个并列 的句子。4.These people led increasingly busy work lives. They typically lived alone or in dual-income households, so they cooked less and ate out a lot.句意：这些人过着工作日益繁忙的生活。通常他们或者独居，或者生活在双 收入家庭， 因此较少自己做饭，多在外面吃。解析：busy work：繁忙的工作 ；typically：通常，一般 ；live alone：独居； dual

5、-income：双收入。注意定语从句真题例句：1.“our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities,”he says.句意：意为我们的初衷是为了设计一款可以提高人们知觉能力的产品。解析：主语 our basic intention ，谓语 was ，宾语 to release a product 。定语从句 that helps people improve cognitive abilities。2.Almost six in ten believe you

6、can get ahead with hard work and a similar number1wants a society in which wealth is parceled out according to your achievement, not via the tax code or government redistribution of income.句意：有近六成的人认为成功要靠努力来获得，近乎同等数量的人希望社会 财富能实行按劳分配，而不是通过税法或政府对收入进行重新分配。解析：本句话为and 连接的并列句。第一个分句中with 表示方式，翻译时可 放在动词前面。a

7、nd 后面的分句中 in which 引导定语从句修饰 society，翻译时 为避免头重脚轻，可把定语翻译成动词，即把“ 的社会”翻译成“ 社会能 够”。3.Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget.句意：我也不敢想象女大学生会直接去找学校体育项目负责人，要求享有应 得的体育预算份额。解析：否定词 nor 放在句首，句子要全部倒装；g

8、oing up and demanding 做非谓语，修饰 women；who 引导定语从句，修饰 men。第二章 回答问题节知识点名称主观题回答问题议论文解题关键：1 、满足字数要求（80- 100）；2 、不可照抄所给阅读理解的原文；3 、通读并理解全文，总结段落大意；4、一般先提出观点，结合自己的看法给出最少 3 条依据，最后总结，自圆其说；5. 注 意 结构 完 整 ， 条理 清 晰 。 可 用上 “firstly secondly whats more/in addition”等。步骤演示：Answer the fowling essay question in English wi

9、thin 80-100 words.In what sense are young people important to their country?Young people are a new generation. They have unique thoughts and actions, and play very important role on the stage of society. （观点）First of all, young people believe in freedom. They will not lean towards either side in the

10、 election, but will only independently choose the political parties that they think are really capable. This is very important to the election pattern of American politics. （论据 1）Secondly, young people firmly believe in free markets and oppose government control. They believe that as long as they wo

11、rk hard, they can succeed. This has also encouraged the people of the whole society to become more independent, create wealth and thus promote social development. （论据 2）In addition, young people also plays a very important role in the supervision of the governments role. They are worried about the p

12、roblems during the process of governments work, supervise the governments actions, and effectively improve the peoples interests. （论据 3）2In a word, the role of young people in society is unique and irreplaceable. （总结）解析：本题考查年轻人在社会中的重要性体现在哪些方面。可以通读原文从中 提取出几个重要的角度进行切入，详细展开。年轻人是全新的一代。他们有着独特的思想和行动力，拥有着很

13、重要的社 会地位。首先，年轻人的信仰比较自由。他们在大选中不会倾向任何一方，只是独 立自主地选出认为真正有作为的政党。这对于美国政治的竞选格局来说非常重 要。其次，这一代年轻人坚信自由市场，反对政府控制。他们相信只要努力就 可以成功。这也激励了整个社会的人民更加独立自主，创造财富，促进了社会 发展。另外，这一代年轻人在对于政府作用的监管上面也发挥着很重要的作用。 他们忧心着政府工作中出现的问题，监督政府有所作为，切实改善人民利益。总而言之，年轻人在社会中的地位是独一无二无可取代的。真题演练：1.What is your ideal house?答案：One of the important p

14、rerequisites for a good family is to have an ideal house. The ideal house in my mind has the following elements.First of all, the living room should be spacious enough to have a large, sun-filled floor-to-ceiling window. Secondly, there must be a small yard in front of the house where I can plant a

15、few trees, flowers I like, and some vegetables for my family to eat. Finally, there must be a station or airport within an hours drive around the house, so that I can go out and travel with my family.解析：一个好的家庭的一个重要的先决条件是有一个理想中的房子。我心 目中理 想的房子有以下几个要素。首先，客厅应该足够宽敞，有一个大的、充满阳光的落地窗。其次，房子 前面必须有一个小院子，我可以种一些树

16、和我喜欢的花， 以及一些蔬菜给我的 家人吃。最后，必须有一个车站或机场在一个小时的车程内，这样我就可以和 我的家人出去旅游。2.What is your opinion on changing jobs?答案：In my humble opinion, it is reasonable to change your job if you have a better opportunity. Changing jobs is a method that provides you with chances to adjust yourself to new job and new environm

17、ent. Besides, if you dont enjoy your work, youd better find one you really like. Without enthusiasm, you cant work well. But once you have found a position where you can fully show your ability, it is advisable to settle down to it and put all your efforts into it. Only in this way can you get the t

18、rue joy of achieving your goal.3解析：在我看来，如果你有更好的机会，换工作是合理的。换工作是一种让你有 机会适应新工作和新环境的方法。此外，如果你不喜欢你的工作，你最好找一 个你真正喜欢的。没有热情，你就不能很好地工作。但是，一旦你找到了一个 能充分展示你能力的职位，你最好静下心来，全力以赴。只有这样，你才能获 得实现目标的真正乐趣。3.What do you think is the function of art?答案：With the development of society, art has many functions in every aspec

19、t of peoples life.First of all, the function of art is to decorate. By placing art works in parks or hanging paintings on the walls, we make our living environment more beautiful.The second function of life is to enrich real life. Art helps people to learn to think creatively. In the field of art, t

20、hings are not always what they seem to be.Finally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audience. Statues of heroes from the past remind us of our history.All in all, art, whether tangible or intangible, plays an irreplaceable role. 解析：随着社会的发展，艺术在人们生活的各个方面都有很多功能。首先，艺术的功能是装饰。通过在公园里放置艺术作品或是墙上的挂画

21、， 使我们的生活环境变得更美丽。生活的第二个功能是丰富现实生活。艺术帮助人们学会创造性地思考。在 艺术领域，事物并不总是像它们看起来那样。最后，艺术常常被视为一种指导观众的方式。过去的英雄雕像使我们想起 我们的历史。总之，艺术，无论是有形的还是无形的，都发挥着不可替代的作用。4.Why do you think some people choose to work from home?答案：If I am given an opportunity of working at home, I will not hesitate for a moment about taking it. Mill

22、ions of reasons can explain my choice and I found three of them particularly appealing. First, avoiding commuting is sheer bliss to anyone who has to spend two torturing hours on subway each day. Second, when working at home, one can enjoy a quiet environment with which more work can be done. Third,

23、 a more flexible way of work can be applied when working in ones own house, which to a large extent will increase ones productivity.解析：如果给我一个在家工作的机会，我会毫不犹豫地接受它。数以百万计的 理由可以解释我的选择，我发现其中三个特别有吸引力。首先，对于每天必须 在地铁上花费两个小时的人来说，避免通勤是绝对的幸福。其次， 当在家工作 时，一个人可以享受一个安静的环境，可以做更多的工作。第三，在自己家里 工作可以采用更灵活的工作方式，这在很大程度上可以提高一

24、个人的生产力。4第三章 汉译英节知识点名称主观题汉译英科学毁了我的晚餐（Science HasSpoiled My Supper）连锁杂货店将独立商店挤了出去，标准化成为降低成本的主要手段。Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and standardization became a principal means of cutting cost.那些喜欢产品味道浓郁且独特的人，他们的偏好也千差万别。Those who prefer a product of a pronounced and individualistic flavor

25、 have a variety of preferences.顾客亲近型公司力求了解顾客及他们所需要的产品和服务。它不断调整 自己的产品和服务,并做到价格合理。The customer-intimate company makes a business of knowing the people it sells to and the products and services they need. It continually tailors its products and services and does so at reasonable prices.我一直认为，那出了名的用于检测香

26、烟的蒙眼测试法也应该用于检测城 市蔬菜。I have long thought that the famed blindfold test for cigarettes should be applied to city vegetables.电视的毛病(The Trouble withTelevision)节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中，恐抓不住人们的注意力不 管是什么人的注意力都担心。Capturing your attention and holding itis the prime motive of most television programming and enhances

27、 its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.很简单，电视节目的制作要迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span.对于电视最严厉也是最有道理的批评之一是：电视在赢得尽可能多观众 喜爱的同时却忽略了少数派观众群体以及小众品味。 目前情况依然大致 如此。One of the greatest and most justified criticisms of television has been that in a

28、ppealing to the largest audience possible, it neglects minority audiences and minority tastes. This is still largely true.论人性和政治（On HumanNature and Politics)无论你可能得到多少，你总是想得到更多；满足是一个你永远无法实现 的梦想。However much you may acquire you will always wish to acquire more; satiety is a dream which will always elu

29、de you.我为什么写作 （Why I Write)我之所以给出所有这些背景资料，是因为我认为如果一个人不了解某个 作家的早期发展，他就无法对这个作家的创作动机进行评估。I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writers motives without knowing something of his early development.5因为这一点及其他原因，我感到有些孤独，不久就形成了孤僻的性格。 For this and other reasons I was so

30、mewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms.我无法确切地说出我的哪些动机最强烈，但我知道哪些值得遵从。I cannot say with certainty which of my motives are the strongest, but I know which of them deserve to be followed.写一本书是一场恐怖的、令人精疲力竭的斗争，就像某种痛苦疾病的长 时间发作一样。Writing a book is a horrible, exhausting struggle, like a

31、 long bout of some painful illness.给出所有这些背景信息的原因是，我认为要是不了解一个作家的早年经 历的话，就难以判定他的写作动机。I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writers motives without knowing something of his early development.布里尔小姐（Miss Brill）她感到手和胳膊稍微有些刺痛，但她认为这是走路累的。She felt a tingling in her ha

32、nds and arms. But that came from walking, she supposed.势力种种（SelectedSnobberies)追捧新潮的势利行为，虽然不是我们这个时代所独有的，却具有了空前 的重要性。Modernity snobbery, though not exclusive to our age, has come to assume an unprecedented, importance.我工作的公司（The Company in Which I Work）他们主持会议，提拔人才，允许别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名 字。They hold meet

33、ings, make promotions, and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else.在我的部门，有六个惧怕我的人，其中有一个小秘书怕我们所有人。In my department, there are six people who are afraid of me, and one small secretary who is afraid of all of us.我亲自处理这些重要的项目，如果做得不错而获得称赞，我就会欣喜不 已，感到极其骄

34、傲和自负。但是在这种挑战与满足的波峰之间，是单调 与绝望。I handle all of these important projects myself, and I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receive when I do them well. But between such peaks of change and elation there is monotony and despair.在这方面，他们唯一的竞争对手是大公司的领导。Their only competitors in th

35、is respect are the men who are the heads of big businesses.6奇怪的是，面对持续的压力和严格的监督，销售人员竟然能应对自如。 Strangely enough, the salesmen react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected.年轻人的四种选择（Four Choices for Young People）我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少以他们的观点来看是这样。对于下一代 人来说，与此相关的问题并不在于

36、我们的社会是否不完美（我们可以将 其视为理所当然），而是如何对待它。尽管美国这个社会严酷且没有理 性，但它毕竟是我们所拥有的唯一的世界。These conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. For all

37、 its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world weve got.在我最好的朋友中有些曾是革命者，其中的一些人生活得还相当满意。 Some of my best friends had been revolutionists and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives做黑人胜过做女人（Id Rather BeBlack than Female)从这点来看,那些家务缠身的妇女要比男人不幸得多。In this respect those women whose lives

38、 are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men.年龄稍大一些的工作女性的收入水平普遍低于男性。她们很多人只有在 孩子长大后才在外面工作，所以只能从事非技术性的、低收入的工作。 其他工作了一辈子的女性通常只能拿到低工资，以及相应较低的社会保 障金和个人退休金。The income levels of older working women are generally lower than those of men; many never worked outside the home until their childr

39、en were grown and then only at unskilled, low-paying jobs. Others who worked all their lives typically received low wages, with lower social security and private retirement benefits as a result.一个国家的妇女通过她们在生活中的行为来塑造这个国家的道德、宗教 和政治。 目前，我们国家在政治上也许比其他任何地方都更需要妇女的 理想主义和决心。The women of a nation mold its mo

40、rals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, our country needs womens idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.追求外在美的运动似乎既是巨大的成功也是令人遗憾的失败。这取决于 你如何看待其结果。只要女性比过去更持久地保持她们年轻的外貌，它 就是成功的。“老年妇女” 已经开始变得罕见了。我们可以完全相信，几 年之内她们将会不复存在。 白发与皱纹、弯曲的脊背与凹陷的面颊将被

41、 视为如同中世纪般过时。The campaign for more physical beauty seems to be both a tremendous success and a lamentable failure. It depends on how you look at the results. It is a success in so far as women retain their youthful appearance to a greater7age than in the past. Old ladies are already becoming rare. In

42、 a few years, we may well believe, they will be extinct. White hair and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medievally old-fashioned.使用武力（The Use of Force）她隐瞒嗓子疼这件事至少有三天了，并且一直对她的父母撒谎，以便逃 脱这样一个结局。She had been hiding that sore throat for three days at least and lying to

43、 her parents in order to escape just such an outcomes as this.我说明了危险性，但同时提出，只要他们承担责任，我就不会坚持做这 次喉咙检查。I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility.星期六的晚上和星期日上午(Saturday Night andSunday Morning)如果你拒绝所有吊在眼前的诱饵度过一生，那根本就不是生活。

44、什么变 化也不会有，你也就没什么可争斗的。生活像一潭死水单调乏味。太多 的狡诈会要了你的命。即使上钩意味着麻烦，但你也不能永远无视它。 If you went through life refusing all the bait dangled before you, that would be no life at all. No change would be made and you would have nothing to fight against. Life would be as dull as ditchwater. You could kill yourself by to

45、o much cunning. Even though bait meant trouble, you could not ignore it forever.美国在分崩离析 吗？(Is America Falling Apart?）我并不是说美国人要袖手旁观，等待一个充满怀疑与绝望的短暂阶段消 失。在此时此地生活着的美国人有权利获得生活质量的提高，而他们自 己也必须为此付出努力。男女老少晚上不敢上街，他们有时害怕警察就 像害怕罪犯，这二者有时看来就像他们彼此在镜中的影像，这些都不正 常。I am not suggesting that Americans sit back and wait

46、for a transient period of mistrust and despair to resolve itself. Americans living here and now have a right to an improvement in the quality of their lives, and they themselves must do something about it. It is not right that men and women should fear to go on the street at night, and that they should sometimes fear the police as much as the criminals, both of whom sometimes look like mirror images of each other.