自考27037英语语言学概论（江苏）考前密押120题及答案含解析.docx

《自考27037英语语言学概论（江苏）考前密押120题及答案含解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考27037英语语言学概论（江苏）考前密押120题及答案含解析.docx（46页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、目录第一章 Language（语言） 1第二章 Linguistics（语言学） 6第三章 Phonetics（语音学） 9第四章 Phonology（音系学） 12第五章 Morphology（形态学） 14第六章 Syntax（句法学） 17第七章 Semantic（语义学） 20第十三章 Schools of Modern Linguistics（现代语言学流派） 22第一章 Language（语言）一 、单选题1.Language is a（ ）in that elements of language are combined according to rules. Every lan

2、guage contains a set of rules.A. behavior B. process C. system D. structure2.Every language contains two systems: a system of（ ）and a system of meanings.A. words B. phrases C. sounds D. voices3.There are two types of symbols can be identified:（ ）and auditory symbols.A. visual B. osphretic C. fixed D

3、. cultural4.Of the design features,（ ）refers to the phenomenon that the sounds in a language are meaningfully distinct. A. displacement B. discreteness C. arbitrariness D. productivity5.The organization of language into two levels, one of sounds, the other of meaning. is known as（ ）. A. duality or d

4、ouble articulation B. productivityC. cultural transmission D. interchangeability6.（ ）means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.A. Arbitratiness B. Interchangeability C. Discreteness D. Productivity7.It is the（ ）function of language that allows people some measure o

5、f getting control over events that occur in their lives.A. representational B. instrumental C. regulatory D. imaginative8.The（ ）function refers to the use of language to communicate knowledge about the world, to report events, to make statements, to give accounts, to explain relationships, to relay

6、messages and so on.A. instrumental B. representational C. regulatory D. heuristic9.Telling lies is an example of（ ）function of human language.A. instrumental B. interactional C. imaginative D. representational10.The（ ）function refers to language used to express the individuals feelings,emotions and

7、personality. A. personal B. heuristic C. imaginative D. regulatory11.The（ ）function refers to language used in order to acquire knowledge and understanding of the world. A. personal B. heuristic C. imaginative D. regulatory1二 、填空题12.In fact, the existence of homophones is a good illustration of of l

8、anguage.13.Every symbol consists of two parts : a concrete and the meaning which it conveys.14.Language is because the primary medium for all languages is sound.15.No systems of animal can do things like human language such as making a request, promoting a sale or naming an object.16.Human languages

9、 have such design features as productivity, , displacement, arbitrariness, cultural transmission, duality and interchangeability.17.In fact only human beings have a special capacity for learning that is not shared by other animals.18.There are seven initial functions of childrens language: function,

10、 regulatory function, representational function, interactional function, personal function, heuristic function and imaginative function.19.The function of a language refers to the fact that the language allows speakers to get things done.20.The term communion introduced by the anthropologist Bronisl

11、aw Malinowski refers to language used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging facts.21.The function refers to language used to express the individuals feelings, emotions and personality.三 、判断论述题（正确写 T ，错误写 F ，并改正）22.According to Chomsky, langue refers

12、to the system of a language.23.Cultural transmission refers to the ability that people have in making and comprehending indefinitely large quantities of sentences in their native language, including sentences they have never heard before.24.Interchangeability refers to the fact that human language c

13、an be used to talk about things that are present or not present, real or not real, and about matters in the past, present or future, or in far-away places.225.The instrumental function of a language refers to the fact that the language allows speakers to get things done.四 、翻译题26.displacement27.arbit

14、rariness28.representational function29.interactional function30.personal function31.heuristic function答案&解析1.答案： C解析：语言是系统的 。语言元素是按规则组合的 ，每种语言都包含一组规则。2.答案： C解析：每种语言都包含两个系统： 一个声音系统和一个意义系统。3.答案：A解析： 可以识别两种类型的符号：视觉符号和听觉符号。4.答案：B解析：本题考查语言的离散性特征 。displacement：位移性； discreteness： 离散性；arbitrariness ：任意性； pr

15、oductivity： 能产性 。在语言的识别特征中 ， 离散性指的是语言中的声音具有区别意义的现象。5.答案：A解析：语言的组织分为两个层次 ，一个是声音 ，另一个是意义 。被称为二重性或双重性。6.答案：B解析：语言的互换性（interchangeability ）特征意味着任何人都可以是信息的生产者和接收者。7.答案： C解析：正是语言的调节功能使人们能够控制生活中发生的事件。8.答案：B解析：表示功能是指使用语言来交流有关世界的知识、报告事件、作陈述、记帐、解释关系、传递信息等。9.答案：D解析：说谎是人类语言表现功能的一个例子。10.答案：A解析：Personal function

16、自指性功能：语言用来表达个人感情 ，展示个性。11.答案：B解析：启发功能是指为了获得知识和理解世界而使用的语言。12.答案： arbitrariness解析：本题考查语言任意性的特点 。语言的任意性指的是语言符号和符号所代表的事物之间没有内在的或 逻辑上的联系 。事实上 ， 同音异义词的存在是语言任意性的一个很好的例证 。比如 sea 和 see 的发音相同， 但意义却不同。13.答案： form解析：本题考查语言符号的构成 。一个语言符号由两部分组成： 一个具体的形式和它所表达的意思。14.答案：vocal解析：本题考查语言的定义 。语言是有声的 ， 因为所有语言的主要媒介都是声音 。vo

17、cal：有声的；发声的15.答案： communication解析：本题考查语言的特征 。语言用于人际交流 ，是人类独有的 。任何动物交流系统都无法像人类语言那 样 ，例如做出请求、推销或命名一个物体。16.答案： discreteness解析：本题考查人类语言的甄别性特征 。人类语言具有以下的甄别性特征： 能产性 ， 离散性 ，位移性 ，任 意性 ，文化传递性 ，双重性和互换性 。discreteness： 离散性。17.答案：language解析： 事实上 ，只有人类才有学习语言的特殊能力 ，这是其他动物所没有的。18.答案：instrumental解析： 儿童语言有七个初始功能： 工具功

18、能、调节功能、表现功能、互动功能、 自指性功能、启发功能和 想象功能。419.答案：instrumental解析：语言的工具功能是指语言允许说话人完成某事的事实。20.答案：phatic解析：人类学家布罗尼斯拉夫马利诺夫斯基提出的“ 交际性谈话”一词是指用来建立氛围或维持社会联 系的语言 ， 而不是用来交换事实的语言。21.答案：personal解析： 自指性功能是指用来表达个人感情、情感和个性的语言。22.答案：F改正：According to Saussure, langue refers to the system of a language.解析： Saussure 提出 ，langu

19、e 指的是语言的系统。23.答案：F改正：Productivity refers to the ability that people have in making and comprehending indefinitely large quantitiesof sentences in their native language, including sentences they have never heard before.解析： 能产性指的是人们在造句和理解大量本族语方面的能力 ， 包括未听过的句子。24.答案：F改正：Displacement refers to the fact

20、that human language can be used to talk about things that are present or not present, real or not real, and about matters in the past, present or future, or in far-away places.解析：位移性指的是人类语言可以用来谈论现在或非现在、真实或非真实的事情 ， 以及过去、现在或未来， 或在遥远的地方的事情。25.答案：T26.答案：位移性27.答案：任意性28.答案：表现功能29.答案： 互动功能30.答案： 自指性功能531.答

21、案：启发功能第二章 Linguistics（语言学）一 、单选题32.（ ）is the science that deals with the sound system.A. Phonctics B. Morphology C. Phonology D. Semantics33.According to Chomsky,（ ）is the speaker-heaters knowledge of his language.A. competence B. langue C. parole D. performance34.（ ）linguistics describes linguistic

22、 features in term of structures and systems.A. Abstract B. Bilingual C. Structuralist D. Descriptivism35.（ ）language can be equally communicative even when they do not accompany language. A. Body B. Foreign C. Abstract D. Vocal36.（ ）is the father of modern linguistics.A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Lyons

23、 D. Wang Gang37.A（ ）study of a language is concerned with the historical development of the language over a long period of time.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. syntagmatic D. paradigmatic二 、填空题38.Studying something scientifically means investigating something and objectively.39.Traditional grammar wa

24、s based upon earlier grammar of or Greek.40.Generally children learn to much earlier than they learn to read and write.41.Functionally, the form is more often used than the written form.42. refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.43. refers to the con

25、crete act of speaking in actual situation by an individual speaker.44.A relation refers to the sequential characteristic of speech.。三 、判断论述题（正确写 T ，错误写 F ，并改正）45.Competence is more concrete than performance.四 、翻译题46.linguistic competence47.performance48.non-verbal communication49.syntagmatic relatio

26、n50.paradigmatic relation51.diachronic52.synchronic五 、简答题53. What are the differences between competence and performance?答案&解析32.答案： C解析：本题考查音系学的含义 。Phonctics：语音学；Morphology：形态学；Phonology：音系学；Semantics： 语义学 。音系学是研究声音系统的科学 。它主要研究的是一种特定的语言语音系统 ， 旨在揭示一种语言的 语音如何形成模式 ， 以及如何被用来在语言交际中表达意思。33.答案：A解析：语言能力是一个

27、人对所有语言规则系统的知识 。例：the speaker-heaters knowledge of his language 演 讲者的语言知识。34.答案： C解析： 结构主义语言学从结构和系统的角度描述语言特征。735.答案：A解析：肢体语言即使没有语言也同样可以交际。36.答案：A解析： 索绪尔是“现代语言学之父”。37.答案：B解析：历时性研究关注的是语言经过一定时间阶段所发生的历史变化。38.答案： systematically解析：科学地研究某事意味着系统地、客观地研究事物。39.答案：Latin解析：传统语法以拉丁语或希腊语的早期语法为基础。40.答案： speak解析： 一般来

28、说 ，孩子们学会说话要比他们学会读和写早得多。41.答案： spoken解析：从功能上讲 ， 口语形式比书面形式更常用。42.答案：Langue解析：Langue（语言）指的是由一个言语社区的所有成员共享的抽象语言系统。43.答案：Parole解析：Parole（言语）指个体讲话者在实际情况下说话的具体行为。44.答案： syntagmatic解析： syntagmatic relation（横组合关系）指的是语言的序列特点。45.答案：错误改正：Performance is more concrete than competence.语言运用比语言能力更具体。46.答案：语言能力47.答案：

29、语言运用48.答案： 非言语交际。49.答案：横组合关系50.答案：纵聚合关系51.答案：历时的52.答案：共时的53.答案： Competence is ones knowledge of all the linguistic regulation systems. And Performance is the use of language in concrete situation.第三章 Phonetics（语音学）一 、单选题54.The study of how speech organs produce speech sounds is called（ ）phonetics.A.

30、 auditory B. articulatory C. visual D. acoustic55.Phonetics has three sub-branches.（ ）phonetics is concerned with how a sound isproduced by the vocal organs.A. Articulatory B. Acoustic C. Auditory D. Visual56.Dentals are sounds（ ）.A. produced by both lipsB. produced by the contact between the upper

31、teeth and the lower lipC. made with the tip of the tongue behind the upper front teeth or with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teethD. articulated by raising the tip or the blade of the tongue to the alveolar ridge二 、填空题57.The study of how speech organs produce speech sounds is called pho

32、netics.58. phonetics deals with how a sound is transmitted from the speakers mouth to the listeners ears.59.The vocal tract is made up of two parts: oral cavity and cavity.60.Bilabials are consonants for which the flow of air is stopped or restricted by the two .961.In the production of sounds like

33、f, v, , , s, z, , , h, the airstream is not completely stopped but is obstructed from flowing freely. The passage is so narrow that the air causes friction. Such sounds are called .62.Stops can be divided into (oral stops) and nasals (nasal stops).三 、判断论述题（正确写 T ，错误写 F ，并改正）63.Acoustic phonetics is

34、concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs.64.Alveolars are consonants brought about by bringing the bottom lip to the upper teeth.四 、翻译题65.articulatory phonetics五 、语音题66.( 1) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate(2)a nasal high front lax vowel(3)a voiceless dental fricative(4)a bilabial

35、nasal答案&解析54.答案：B解析：本题考查语音学的分支。rticulatory phoneticsThe study of how speech organs produce（产生） speech sounds（发音器官产生声音的 研究）acoustic phoneticsthe study of the physical properties and of the transmission（传输）of speech sounds（声音 的传播的研究）auditory phoneticsthe study of the way hearers perceive（意识到）these sou

36、nds（听者接收声音的研究） 结合题干中的 produce ，可以确定选 B。55.答案：A解析：本题考查发音语音学的含义 。语音学有三个研究分支：acoustic phonetics（声学语音学） ；auditory phonetics（听觉语音学） ；articulatory phonetics（发音语音学） 。其中发音语音学研究的是语音器官如何产 生声音。1056.答案： C解析：本题考查齿音的发音方法 。齿音(dental)指的是舌尖在上门牙后面或舌尖在上下牙齿之间发出的声音。 故选 C。57.答案： articulatory解析：本题考查发音语音学的含义 。发音语音学指的是对语音器官

37、如何产生语音的研究 。articulatory：发音 的。58.答案：Acoustic解析：Acoustic phonetics deals with how a sound is transmitted from the speakers mouth to the listeners ears.声学 语音学研究声音是如何从说话者的口中传入听话者的耳朵中的。59.答案：nasal解析：发音系统由口腔和鼻腔两部分组成。60.答案：lips解析：双唇音是指用双唇来阻止或限制空气流动的辅音。61.答案： fricatives解析：在f v s z h 这些音产生时 ，气流不是完全被阻止 ， 而是被阻

38、止自由流动 。通道 太窄 ，空气会引起摩擦 ，这样的音被称为摩擦音。62.答案：plosives解析：爆破音可分为塞音（ plosives ）和鼻音（ nasals ）。63.答案：FArticulatory phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs.解析：发音语音学研究语音器官如何产生声音。64.答案：FLabiodentals are consonants brought about by bringing the bottom lip to the upper teeth.解析：唇齿音是

39、由下嘴唇和上齿产生的。65.答案：发音语音学66.( 1) d11(2) i (3) (4) m第四章 Phonology（音系学）一 、单选题67.English（ ）studies the abstract aspects :the functions of sounds and the sound combination patterns. A. phonetics B. phonology C. pragmatics D. semantics68.In phonology,（ ）are the realizations of a particular phoneme.A. allomo

40、rphs B. allophones C. phones D. morphs69.A phoneme is defined as（ ）.A. a minimal meaningful unit in the grammatical system of a languageB. a minimal distinctive unit in the grammatical system of a languageC. a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a languageD. a minimal meaningful unit in the lexical system of a language70.When two sounds can appear in the same environment and the substitution of one for the other does not cause any change in meaning, then they are said to be in（ ）.A. complementary distribution