TED经典演讲稿学一门外语的秘密.pdf

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1、TED题:The secrets of learning a new language作者:Lidia Machova学习外语的秘密I love learning foreign languages.In fact,I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years,currently working on my eighth one.When people find that out about me,they always ask me,How do you do that?Whats your sec

2、ret?And to be honest,for many years,my answer would be,I dont know.I simply love learning languages.我喜欢学外语。实际上，这种痴迷让我 每两年就想学门新的外语，现在我正在学第门外语。当们得知此事后，总是问我，“你怎么做到的？你的秘诀是什么？”说实话，这么多年来，我的回答总是，“我不知道啊。我只是喜欢学语。”But people were never happy with that answer.They wanted to know why they are spending years try

3、ing to learn even one language,never achieving fluency,and here I come,learning one language after another.They wanted to know the secret of polyglots,people who speak a lot of languages.And that made me wonder,too,how do actually other polyglots do it?What do we have in common?And what is it that e

4、nables us to learn languages so much faster than other people?I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.但是们从来都不会对 这个回答感到满意。他们想知道为何他们花了多年 试着学习哪怕只有门语，却从未达到流利的程度，我却能够学了门再学门。他们想知道多语者，即说多种语的的秘密。我也对此感到好奇，其他的多语者到底是怎么做的？我们有什么共同点吗？是什么让我们 较之他能够更快的学习语？我决定见见其他像我样的，并试着找寻背后的答案。foreign languages外语fl

5、uencyn.流利polyglotsn.多语者The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an event where hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice their languages.There are several such polyglot events organized all around the world,and so I decided to go there and ask polyglots about the methods that the

6、y use.能够遇到很多多语者的最佳地点 是聚集了数百名多语者的地，他们在那进练习。世界各地有许多类似的多语者活动，所以我决定去看看，打听下他们各使的法。And so I met Benny from Ireland,who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one.He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook and goes to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with them right

7、 away.He doesnt mind making even 200 mistakes a day,because thats how he learns,based on the feedback.And the best thing is,he doesnt even need to travel a lot today,because you can easily have conversations with native speakers from the comfort of your living room,using websites.我遇到了来爱尔兰的本尼，他告诉我他的法

8、是 从第天就开始说出。他从本旅游指南上学了些词组，然后就去见母语者，马和他们展开对话。他不介意天犯 200 个错误，因为这就是他 基于反馈的学习式。最棒的点是，如今他甚不需要出游，因为你只需要呆在惬意的房间中，就能在络上和母语者进交谈。I also met Lucas from Brazil who had a really interesting method to learn Russian.He simply added a hundred random Russian speakers on Skype as friends,and then he opened a chat wind

9、ow with one of them and wrote Hi in Russian.And the person replied,Hi,how are you?我还遇到了来巴西的卢卡斯，他学习俄语的法很有意思。他就在 Skype 上随机添加了 上百个说俄语的，然后打开其中个的聊天框，俄语写下“嗨”。然后对回复，“嗨，你好吗？”phrasen.短语，词组phrasebookn.短语册feedbackn.反馈methodn.法Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person,and the person re

10、plied,Im fine,thank you,and how are you?Lucas copied this back to the first person,and in this way,he had two strangers have a conversation with each other without knowing about it.卢卡斯了复制这段话，再把它发给另个，然后另个回复，“我很好，谢谢，你怎么样？”卢卡斯又把这段话复制发给第个，这样，他就让两个陌 在完全不知情的情况下 展开了交谈。And soon he would start typing himself

11、,because he had so many of these conversations that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts.What an ingenious method,right?过不了多久，他就可以打字了，因为他看了那么多的对话，已经知道俄语的交流 概是怎么开始的了。很聪明的办法，是吧？And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language,and others who always lea

12、rn the 500 most frequent words of the language,and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar.If I asked a hundred different polyglots,I heard a hundred different approaches to learning languages.Everybody seems to have a unique way they learn a language,and yet we all come to the same

13、 result of speaking several languages fluently.此外，我还遇到了总是从 模仿声开始学习语的多语者，从学习 500 个最常词 开始的多语者，以及总是从学习语法开始的多语者。如果我去询问百个多语者，我会听到关于学习语式的 百种不同的答案。每个似乎都对学习语 有着独门秘笈，但是我们最终都能 流利的说多种语。ingeniousadj.精巧的，有独创性的grammarn.语法And as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about their methods,it suddenly dawned o

14、n me:the one thing we all have in common is that we simply found ways to enjoy the language-learning process.All of these polyglots were talking about language learning as if it was great fun.You should have seen their faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts and their carefully

15、 handmade flash cards,and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps,or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.All of them use different methods,but they always make sure its something that they personally enjoy.当我倾听着这些多语者 讲述他们学习语法的时候，我突然意识到：我们有个共同点，那就是我们找到了享受 学

16、习语这过程的法。所有这些多语者 在谈论语学习的时候，都表现得像那是种趣事。你们应该看看当他们 向我展他们多彩的语法表，专制作的语卡，他们语学习软件上的统计量，甚他们是如何爱上外菜谱 烧菜时，脸上豪的神情。每个都着不同的法，但是他们做到了 让这件事情变成种享受。I realized that this is actually how I learn languages myself.When I was learning Spanish,I was bored with the text in the textbook.I mean,who wants to read about Jose as

17、king about the directions to the train station.Right?I wanted to read Harry Potter instead,because that was my favorite book as a child,and I have read it many times.我意识到，这实际上也是 我学习语的式。当我学习西班语时，我对书本上的章没什么兴趣。我想说，谁想学胡赛 是怎么问去车站的路的啊。对吧？相反，我想读哈利波特，因为这是我孩童时期最喜欢的书，且我已经阅读了很多遍。handmadeadj.制的vocabularyn.全部词汇t

18、extbookn.教科书So I got the Spanish translation of Harry Potter and started reading,and sure enough,I didnt understand almost anything at the beginning,but I kept on reading because I loved the book,and by the end of the book,I was able to follow it almost without any problems.And the same thing happen

19、ed when I was learning German.I decided to watch Friends,my favorite sitcom,in German,and again,at the beginning it was all just gibberish.I didnt know where one word finished and another one started,but I kept on watching every day because its Friends.I can watch it in any language.I love it so muc

20、h.And after the second or third season,seriously,the dialogue started to make sense.所以我买了本西语版的 哈利波特开始阅读，毫疑问，最开始我乎什么都看不懂，但是我坚持读了下来，因为我喜欢这本书，直到读完此书，我基本可以 不费的跟上故事情节。同样的事情也发在我学德语的时候。我决定看我最喜欢的电视剧 友记的德语版本，同样的，最开始我基本上听不懂。我不知道个单词在何处结束，另个单词在何处开始，但是我坚持每天观看，因为这是友记。我可以看不同的语版本。我太喜欢这部剧了。在看完两季或三季之后，说真的，我能渐渐听明对话了。I

21、 only realized this after meeting other polyglots.We are no geniuses and we have no shortcut to learning languages.We simply found ways how to enjoy the process,how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you dont mind doing every day.在我遇到了其他多语者之后，我才明这点。

22、我们不是天才，我们也没有学习语的捷径。我们只是找到了 享受这过程的式，以及如何将语学习从 项枯燥的学校课程 转变为项你不介意 每天都做的有趣活动。translationv.翻译gibberishn.乱语dialoguen.对，对话shortcutn.捷径If you dont like writing words down on paper,you can always type them in an app.If you dont like listening to boring textbook material,find interesting content on YouTube or

23、 in podcasts for any language.If youre a more introverted person and you cant imagine speaking to native speakers right away,you can apply the method of self-talk.You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room,describing your plans for the weekend,how your day has been,or even take a random pi

24、cture from your phone and describe the picture to your imaginary friend.This is how polyglots learn languages,and the best news is,its available to anyone who is willing to take the learning into their own hands.如果你不喜欢在纸上写单词，那你可以在软件打单词。如果你不喜欢听聊的课程材料，你总是可以在 YouTube 上或 播客找到任何种语的有趣内容。如果你是个内向的，不愿意马上就和母语

25、者交谈，你总可以和练习对话。你可以在的房间，对说话，描述你的周末计划，天过得怎么样，甚是从你的机 随便选张照，然后把它描述给你想象中的朋友。这就是多语者学习语的式，好消息是，这种法对每个 想要主学习语的 来说，都是可的。So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really crucial to find enjoyment in the process of learning languages,but also that joy in itself is not enough.If you want to achieve

26、 fluency in a foreign language,youll also need to apply three more principles.First of all,youll need effective methods.If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow,the words will be stored in your short-term memory and youll forget them after a few days.所以，遇到其他的 多语者让我意识到 在学习语的过程中，找到乐趣

27、是分重要的，但是仅凭兴趣是不够的。如果你想要流利的说门外语，还需要遵守三准则。先，你需要找到有效的法。如果你正为明天的考试复习，要去试着记住系列单词，这些单词只会被储存在 你的短期记忆，你过天就会忘得净。podcastn.播客imaginaryadj.想象的，虚构的If you,however,want to keep words long term,you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly using the so-called space repetition.You can use apps which

28、are based on this system such as Anki or Memrise,or you can write lists of word in a notebook using the Goldlist method,which is also very popular with many polyglots.If youre not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there,just check out polyglots YouTube channels and websites

29、and get inspiration from them.If it works for them,it will most probably work for you too.相反，如果你想长期记住单词，就需要隔天就复习下，所谓的间隔重复法。你可以试试基于这种法 设计的软件，譬如 Anki 或 Memrise，或是在笔记本上“黄列表”法 写下系列单词，这也在许多多语者之间分流。如果你不确定什么法是有效的，以及现在有些什么法，那么就去看看多语者的 YouTube 和主页，你可以从那获得灵感。如果这些法对他们适，那么可能也对你适。The third principle to follow is

30、 to create a system in your learning.Were all very busy and no one really has time to learn a language today.But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.Can you listen to a po

31、dcast on your way to work while driving?你需要遵守的第三个原则 就是制定套的学习体系。如今我们都很忙，没有真正 有时间去学习门语。但是如果我们事前计划下，就能挤出那个时间。你可以平时早起15分钟吗？这段时间可以来复习些单词。你可以在开车去上班时 听段博客吗？notebookn.笔记本polyglotsn.通晓多种语的channeln.通道inspirationn.灵感principlen.原则Well,that would be great to get some listening experience.There are so many things

32、 we can do without even planning that extra time,such as listening to podcasts on our way to work or doing our household chores.The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a friend for 20 minutes.I will listen to a YouTube video wh

33、ile having breakfast.If you create a system in your learning,you dont need to find that extra time,because it will become a part of your everyday life.这可以算是很不错的听练习。甚不需要提前规划时间，我们也可以做很多事情，如在上班的路上或是做家务时，我们可以听听播客。重要的是，制定个学习计划。“我要在每周和每周四和朋友 练习20分钟语。吃早饭时，我要 听段 YouTube 视频。”如果你建了的学习体系，就不需要挤出额外的时间，因为这已经成为 你每

34、活的部分了。And finally,if you want to learn a language fluently,you need also a bit of patience.Its not possible to learn a language within two months,but its definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months,if you learn in small chunks every day in a way that you enjoy.And there is nothin

35、g that motivates us more than our own success.最后，如果你想要 流利掌握门语，还需要点耐。个不可能在两个之内 就掌握门语，但是如果你以喜欢的式 每天学习点点的话，在两个之内肯定可以 取得显著的进步。没有我们的成功更能 激励我们的了。I vividly remember the moment when I understood the first joke in German when watching Friends.我清晰的记得，当我第次 看懂德语版友记 的笑话时的情形。household chores家务琐事definitelyadv.肯定地I

36、 was so happy and motivated that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes,and as I kept watching,I had more and more of those moments of understanding,these little victories,and step by step,I got to a level where I could use the language freely and fluently to express anything.This is a w

37、onderful feeling.I cant get enough of that feeling,and thats why I learn a language every two years.我分开，备受舞，又忍不住多看了两集。随着我不断观看，我能看懂的段越来越多，这些的成就 积少成多，使我可以由熟练的 使这个语去表达任何事物。这种感觉太棒了。这种感觉总是让我意犹未尽，就成了我每两年 就学习门语的原因。So this is the whole polyglot secret.Find effective methods which you can use systematically

38、over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy,and this is how polyglots learn languages within months,not years.这也是所有多语者的秘密。找到你可以在段时间内 系统使的有效法，且你还很享受这个过程，这就是多语者在数 数年内就能学会语的秘诀。Now,some of you may be thinking,Thats all very nice to enjoy language learning,but isnt the real secret that you poly

39、glots are just super talented and most of us arent?你们中的有些可能会想，“享受语学习固然美好，但是真正的秘密 难道不是你们多语者 天就我们 更擅长学习语吗？”episodesn.发作，插曲systematicallyadv.系统地Well,theres one thing I havent told you about Benny and Lucas.Benny had 11 years of Irish Gaelic and five years of German at school.He couldnt speak them at al

40、l when graduating.Up to the age of 21,he thought he didnt have the language gene and he could not speak another language.Then he started to look for his way of learning languages,which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them,and today Benny can easily have a conversation in 10

41、 languages.先别急，关于本尼和卢卡斯，有件事我还没说。本尼在学校时学习了 11 年的 爱尔兰盖德尔语和 5 年的德语。当他毕业时，却还完全不会。直到 21 岁，他都认为 没有语天分，也学不会其他的语。然后他开始找寻适合 的语学习式，那就是和母语者交谈，并从他们那得到反馈，今天本尼可以毫不费的 10 种语进交流。Lucas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.He was one of the worst students in class.His friends even made fun of him and gave him

42、 a Russian textbook as a joke because they thought he would never learn that language,or any language.And then Lucas started to experiment with methods,looking for his own way to learn,for example,by having Skype chat conversations with strangers.And after just 10 years,Lucas is able to speak 11 lan

43、guages fluently.卢卡斯在学校学了 10 年的英语。他是课堂上最差的学之。他的朋友们甚取笑他，给了他本俄语教材，想看他笑话，因为他们认为他永远也不可能 学会俄语，或是任何门外。然后卢卡斯开始试验其他法，寻找适合的学习式，如，Skype 和陌聊天。仅仅 10 年后，卢卡斯已经可以流利的说 11 种语。feedbackn.反馈conversationn.谈话1Does that sound like a miracle?Well,I see such miracles every single day.As a language mentor,I help people learn

44、languages by themselves,and I see this every day.People struggle with language learning for five,10,even 20 years,and then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands,start using materials which they enjoy,more effective methods,or they start tracking their learning so that they can appre

45、ciate their own progress,and thats when suddenly they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.这听起来是不是很神奇？如果是这样，那么 我每天都会看到类似的奇迹。作为名语教师，我帮助们学语，我每天都能看到奇迹发。有些 5 年、10 年甚 20 年 都在语学习中挣扎，然后他们突然就能够将学习 掌握在的中，开始使他们感兴趣的材料，更加有效的法，或是开始记录的学习进度，这样他们才能肯定的进步。就在这段时间，他们突然神奇般的找到了 以为直缺的语

46、才能。So if youve also tried to learn a language and you gave up,thinking its too difficult or you dont have the language talent,give it another try.Maybe youre also just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently.Maybe youre just one method away from becoming a polyglot.如果你也曾试着学习门语，然后你因为它太难了，或是 觉得没有语天赋放弃了，再试试吧。或许你离熟练的说门语 只差种合适的，让你乐在其中的法。也许你离成为名多语者，只差那种法。miraclen.奇迹enjoyableadj.令愉快的