2021年电动汽车基础设施发展障碍报告（英）-68正式版.ppt

《2021年电动汽车基础设施发展障碍报告（英）-68正式版.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年电动汽车基础设施发展障碍报告（英）-68正式版.ppt（67页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Lowering your emissionsthrough innovation in transportand energy infrastructurePROJECTREPORTElectric VehicleInfrastructure BarriersResearchEV Infrastructure BarriersTerms and ConditionsPrepared fo r:Cenex has exercised all reasonable skill andcare in the performance of our services andwe shall be li

2、able only to the extent we are inbreach of such obligation.While theinformation is provided in good faith,the ideaspresented in the report must be subject tofurther investigation,and take into accountother factors not presented here,before beingtaken forward.Cenex shall not in anycircumstances be li

3、able in contract,orotherwise for(a)any loss of investment,lossof contract,loss of production,loss of profits,loss of time or loss of use;and/or(b)anyconsequential or indirect loss sustained by theclient or any third parties.Greg ArcherUK DirectorTransport&Environmentgreg.archertransportenvironment.o

4、rg.uk07970 371224Prepared by:Jacob RobertsThe key content of this report was researchedand drafted between October and December2020.As such,the report content reflectsCenexs best understanding of the subjectmatter as of this period in time.Owing to theinnovative and fast-moving nature of theindustry

5、 that this report concerns,events maysince have occurred that impact some of thisreports findings and recommendations.Infrastructure Strategy SpecialistApproved by:Document Revis ionsChris RimmerInfrastructure Strategy LeadNo.DetailsDateFirst draft for clientreviewUpdated draft for clientreviewFinal

6、 version forpublication12330/10/2020Company De ta ilsCenex04/12/202022/01/2021Holywell BuildingHolywell ParkAshby RoadLoughboroughLeicestershireLE11 3UZRegistered in England No.5371158Tel:01509 642 500Email:infocenex.co.ukWebsite:www.cenex.co.ukProject Code(715.43/001)Page 2 of 68EV Infrastructure B

7、arriersExecutive SummaryTransport&Environment have commissioned Cenex to produce this research report into the barrierspreventing the growth and effective operation of the UKs electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructurenetwork.Specifically,this report was intended to meet the following research obje

8、ctives:Identify and the key barriers to the expansion and effective operation of the UKs electricvehicle(EV)charging infrastructure network;andPropose policy solutions to address the key barriers identified.The report explored barriers across four themes that were identified by Cenex through an inte

9、rnalworkshop session.These themes are:1.Poorly Defined and Inadequately Resourced Role of Public Sector2.Cost of High-Power Charging Infrastructure Installations3.Difficulty Meeting User Needs in Commercially Unattractive Locations4.Market Competition Harming the Electric Vehicle Driver ExperienceTh

10、rough desk-based study,19 barriers were identified.Based on Cenexs 15-years of EVinfrastructure project experience,each identified barrier was provided with a score qualifying theimpact and scale of its negative effect on the EV charging infrastructure network.These scores wereused to rank the barri

11、ers and identify the top five barriers that Cenex considers most responsible forpreventing the growth and effective operation of the UK EV charging infrastructure network.This report found that the five most significant barriers to the growth and effective operation of theUK EV charging infrastructu

12、re were:A.Capital and revenue fundingThe lack of revenue funding made available to local authorities by UK Government ispreventing them from committing staff resource to deliver and manage high-quality localcharging infrastructure networks.B.Lack of accessible,clearly targeted capital funding to cov

13、er grid reinforcement costsProhibitively expensive grid reinforcement costs impact the commercial viability of installinghigh-power EV charging infrastructure including rapid and ultra-rapid chargepoints.Expecting the private sector to cover the full extent of these costs is unrealistic.C.Absence of

14、 accurate open data on location,specification,and status of infrastructureIn the UK at present,the only source of live data is privately owned and the only source ofopen data is not live.This prevents market competition in developing software solutions thatimprove the EV user experience.D.Absence of

15、 enforceable planning requirementsEnsuring that new-built residential and non-residential developments are equipped to supportthe transition to EVs will ensure that a greater number of UK residents can be providedaccess to a convenient and cost-effective means to recharge an EV.National regulationse

16、nforcing this requirement upon developers has not been forthcoming.Project Code(715.43/001)Page 8 of 68EV Infrastructure BarriersE.Property leaseholders and tenants cannot unilaterally install domestic chargepointsRequiring the permission of a freeholder or landlord of a property can present a barri

17、er thatprevents a property leaseholder or tenant from installing a domestic EV chargepoint.Thereis no legal obligation for this permission to be granted,nor is there funding available tosupport the additional costs that may be incurred in cases where additional works arerequired to install an EV cha

18、rgepoint(e.g.in communal car parks).This report proposes 21 different policy solutions aimed at addressing each identified barrier,withmost solutions potentially addressing more than one barrier.Each proposed solution was scoredagainst its likely cost and complexity,based on Cenexs understanding of

19、the EV charginginfrastructure industry.Solutions were also scored for impact,based on the significance of thebarriers it would address.Following a scoring and ranking exercise,the ten highest-scoring solutions were as follows:1.UK Government to provide clear guidance,and an instruction or obligation

20、 for localauthorities to take action to lead or facilitate EV chargepoint installationsThis will address varying levels of engagement between different local authorities,ensuringthat the UKs EV charging infrastructure network achieves comprehensive national coverageand provides a consistent and high

21、-quality service to consumers.It will also raise awarenessof EV charging infrastructure in a planning context,making planning authorities more likelyto see value in awarding planning permission to develop EV charging infrastructure hubs andimposing requirements to install chargepoints in new develop

22、ments.2.UK Government to develop and publish detailed,official guidance outlining aconsistent delivery approach for local authoritiesOfficial guidance will address the lack of in-house EV charging infrastructure expertise withinlocal authorities.This will reduce the revenue funding required for loca

23、l government officersto explore and evaluate different delivery approaches,and support local authorities to deliverEV charging infrastructure of appropriate quality and quantity to meet demand.This guidancemust be official in order to command the confidence of local authorities.3.Create a government

24、-sponsored network to help local authorities co-ordinate EVcharging infrastructure rolloutAllowing local authorities to share knowledge and experience in a structured way will supportlocal government officers to make evidenced decisions based on established best-practice.The network should be co-ord

25、inated by a secretariat body,who are independent fromgovernment and industry,who would organise events and become a central knowledge bankand point of contact for local authorities undertaking EV charging infrastructure installation.4.Introduce and enforce secondary legislation to regulate the level

26、 of service providedby the EV chargepoint operatorsPrimary legislation has been introduced through the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act(2018)and this should now be strengthened with secondary legislation to ensure thatchargepoints within the UKs EV chargepoint network meet certain standards for r

27、eliabilityand access.This will increase the robustness of the chargepoint network and improveconsumer confidence in EVs.Project Code(715.43/001)Page 9 of 68EV Infrastructure Barriers5.Target the Rapid Charging Fund solely at electricity network upgradesThe Rapid Charge Fund is expected to make fundi

28、ng available to support the installation ofhigh-power EV charging infrastructure in areas where the existing electricity supply requiressignificant and costly upgrades.In order to ensure that this funding achieves the greatestimpact possible,it should be targeted specifically to electricity network

29、upgrades wherethere is a market failure and not be used to support other costs,such as charging equipmentand equipment installation where there is no market failure.6.Update the National Planning Policy Framework to reflect the importance of EVcharging infrastructureAt present,the National Planning

30、Policy Framework makes reference to renewable energyinstallations and advises local planning authorities to consider the environmental benefits ofsuch developments when coming to a planning decision.No such equivalent advice existsfor EV charging infrastructure,yet this also has environmental benefi

31、ts that may arguably befelt more locally.The National Planning Policy Framework should therefore advise localauthorities to consider these benefits when assessing planning applications for EV charginginfrastructure developments.7.Fund the development of a new open EV chargepoint database,providing o

32、pen accessto live EV chargepoint network informationOpen access to live chargepoint information will unlock a competitive marketplace forsoftware developers to introduce user-focussed services that improve the EV userexperience.Such information will also be necessary to accurately monitor compliance

33、 withany regulations around the level of service provided by UK chargepoint network operators.8.Introduce a legal definition of price transparency,in the context of EV charginginfrastructureAt present,price transparency in the EV charging infrastructure industry is thought to requirenothing more tha

34、n a price displayed on an EV chargepoint before use.This does notnecessarily allow consumers to make effective choices as,by the time they see this price,they may already effectively be committed to paying it to complete their journey.There shouldbe structured debate on what constitutes true price t

35、ransparency for EV charginginfrastructure.The outcome of this debate should be refined into a legal definition which canthen be used to ensure that EV-owners have the means to make effective consumer choiceson how they charge their EV.9.Make Rapid Charging Fund payable only to electricity network op

36、eratorsTo maximise the impact of the Rapid Charging Fund,it should be made payable only toelectricity network operators.This will further reduce the likelihood that the funding will beused to support costs that the private sector has proven itself already capable of covering(e.g.chargepoint equipmen

37、t and equipment installation).10.Further specify the definition of“ad hoc access”,consulting the public if necessaryThe definition of“ad hoc access”is set in the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulations(2017)and requires EV chargepoint network operators to provide a means of using charginginfras

38、tructure without first having to sign-up to a membership service.In response to this,many chargepoint operators now offer two or more different usage tariffs depending onwhether or not a user signs-up to a membership service.It should be debated whether thispractice is against the spirit of the orig

39、inal definition,and whether this practice is impactingconsumer confidence in EVs.If both are found to be the case,the definition should bestrengthened.Project Code(715.43/001)Page 10 of 68EV Infrastructure BarriersIntroductionIntroduction to CenexCenex was established as the UKs first Centre of Exce

40、llence for Low Carbon and Fuel Celltechnologies in 2005.Today,Cenex focuses on low emission transport&associated energy infrastructure and operatesas an independent,not-for-profit research technology organisation(RTO)and consultancy,specialising in the project delivery,innovation support and market

41、development.We also organise Cenex-LCV,the UKs premier low carbon vehicle event,to showcase the latesttechnology and innovation in the industry.Our independence ensures impartial,trustworthy advice,and,as a not-for-profit,we are driven bythe outcomes that are right for you,your industry and your env

42、ironment,not by the work which paysthe most or favours one technology.Finally,as trusted advisors with expert knowledge,we are the go-to source of guidance and supportfor public and private sector organisations along their transition to a zero-carbon future and willalways provide you with the insigh

43、ts and solutions that reduce pollution,increase efficiency andlower costs.To find out more about us and the work that we do,visit our website:www.cenex.co.ukProject Code(715.43/001)Page 11 of 68EV Infrastructure BarriersIntroductionEmissions from road transportation are a key contributor to both cli

44、mate change and air pollution.The emissions produced by road transportation are arguably more challenging to reduce than thoseassociated with,for example,the energy sector.Between 1990 and 2019,total UK carbon emissionsreduced by 41%,but emissions from UK transport reduced by only 4.6%1.Over this pe

45、riod,roadtraffic has increased by roughly a third meaning that,despite improvement in vehicle technology,transport has since become the largest contributor to UK greenhouse gas emissions.Road transportalso contributes to local air pollution,with the emission of nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and particular ma

46、tter(PMx)contributing to levels of pollution that are thought to cause between 28,000 and 36,000premature deaths a year in the UK2.In light of the UK Governments legal commitments to become net-zero carbon by 2050 and tomaintain acceptable levels of air quality,action is increasingly being taken to

47、reduce emissions fromroad transport.While removing the need for individuals to use or own a car can bring about thegreatest reductions in emissions,many people require the use of a private car to go about their day-to-day lives.For this reason,zero-emission electric vehicles(EVs)have emerged as a we

48、ll-favouredsolution to reducing emissions from road transport,especially for cars and vans.One of the requirements of a shift to EVs is the need to progressively replace the network of fillingstations with recharging infrastructure.For many,this infrastructure is only likely to be needed whencomplet

49、ing long journeys but for others such as those who do not have the means to rechargetheir vehicle at overnight the provision of effective charging infrastructure is essential to makingEVs a feasible mobility option.Whilst there has been significant growth in the number of public EV chargepoints avai

50、lable in theUK,provision is still seen to be lacking by consumers.A 2020 survey commissioned by the UKSociety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders found that 44%of motorists consider a lack of localcharging infrastructure as being a barrier to purchasing an EV3.This indicates that,in order to makeEVs