（人教版）高考英语全套课件：选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity.ppt

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1、选修选修 8Unit 1 A land of diversity.单词盘单词盘点点核心速核心速记记1._(n.)手段；方法手段；方法2._(n.)(人口、人口、贸贸易的易的)繁荣繁荣 (vi.)处处于于经济经济迅速迅速发发展展时时期期3._(n.)海关；关税；海关；关税；进进口税口税4._(vi.)发发生；出生；出现现5._(vt.)指出；指出；标标示；表明；暗示示；表明；暗示meansboomcustomsoccurindicate6._(n.)行李行李7._(vi.)滑滑动动；滑行；滑跤；滑行；滑跤 (n.)滑滑动动；滑倒；滑倒8._(vt.&n.)租用；雇用租用；雇用9._(adv.)无

2、无处处；到；到处处都无都无10._(vt.&vi.)改革；革新改革；革新 (n.)改革；改造；改良改革；改造；改良11._(vt.&n.)抓住；抓抓住；抓紧紧；掌握；掌握；领领会会luggagesliphirenowherereformgrasp联联想串想串记记12._(adj.)清清晰晰的的；明明显显的的；明明确确的的_(n.)差差别别；区分；卓著；区分；卓著13._(n.)大多数；大半大多数；大半 _(n.)少数少数14._(vt.)选选择择；决决定定做做某某事事；选选举举某某人人 _(n.)选选举举15._(n.)申申请请人人_(vi.)申申请请_(n.)申申请书请书；申；申请请16._

3、(adj.)显显 而而 易易 见见 的的；显显 然然 的的；表表 面面 上上 的的_(adv.)显显然地；然地；显显而易而易见见地地distinctdistinctionmajorityminorityelectelectionapplicantapplyapplicationapparentapparently.短短语语互互译译1.继续继续存在；存在；继续继续生存生存 _2.用用方法；借助方法；借助 _3.习惯习惯于新的生活方式、工作等于新的生活方式、工作等 _4.坚坚持；持；维维持；沿持；沿袭袭(风风俗、俗、传统传统等等)_5.背靠背背靠背 _live onby means of.make

4、 a lifekeep upback to back6.team up with _7.mark out _8.take in _9.a great/good many _10.apply for _与与合作或一起工作合作或一起工作用用线线画出范画出范围围；标标出出界界线线包括；吸收包括；吸收许许多；很多多；很多申申请请；请请示得到示得到.句型透句型透视视1.what引引导导的从句作介的从句作介词宾语词宾语Exactly when the first people arrived in _ _(我我们们现现在在称称作作加加利利福福尼尼亚亚的的地地方方),no one really knows.

5、2.It is likely that.很可能很可能However,_(很很 可可 能能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.what we now know asCaliforniait is likely that3.why引引导导的表的表语语从句从句,表示表示“的原因的原因”_(那那就就是是为为什什么么)today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.4.过过去分去分词

6、词短短语语作非限制性定作非限制性定语语People from different parts of the world,_(被被吸吸引引)the climate and the lifestyle,still immigrate to California.That is whyattracted by5.It is+过过去分去分词词+that._(人人 们们 认认 为为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural gr

7、oups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.It is believed that.语语篇完形篇完形 California is the 1._(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It is the most multicultural state in the USA.This is not 2._(surprise)when you know the history of California 3._ has attracted peopl

8、e from nearly every country in the world.No one really knows what time the first 4._(settle)arrived in 5._ we now know as California.Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached America 6._ means of a land bridge.In the 18th century,California was ruled by Spain.Of the firstthirdsurprisingwh

9、ichsettlerswhatbySpanish togo to California,the 7._ were religious men.In 1848,gold was discovered in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact,few achieved their dream,but most remained in California to 8._ a life for themselves.In more recen

10、t decades,California has become home to people from Asia.9._ is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major 10._(race)or cultural groups.majoritymakeItracial1.选择选择适当的适当的词汇词汇填空填空(1)Her _ for a job in the company was turned down.(applicant/a

11、pplication)(2)His parents were able to _by fishing twenty years ago.(make a life/live a life)(3)_,you have already comprehended the truth in this book.(apparent/apparently)applicationmake a lifeApparently(4)The UK _England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.(takes in/takes on)(5)Dining _ are differ

12、ent from country to country.(customs/habits)takes incustoms2.选选用句型透用句型透视视中的句式仿写句子中的句式仿写句子(1)西班牙人在我西班牙人在我们现们现在称作美国的海岸上定居下来。在称作美国的海岸上定居下来。_(2)很可能今晚她很可能今晚她给给我打我打电话电话。_(3)这这就是她最就是她最终终改改变变想法的原因。想法的原因。_(4)人人们认为们认为地球正地球正变变得越来越暖和。得越来越暖和。_The Spanish settled along the coast of what we now call theUnited Stat

13、es.Its very likely that shell ring me tonight.This is why she changed her mind at last.It is thought that the Earth is becoming warmer and warmer.核核心心考考点点means3年年2考考majority3年年2考考occur3年年3考考keep up3年年3考考1.means n.手段；方法手段；方法by means of.用用办办法；借助法；借助by this means 用用这这种方法种方法 by all means 务务必必,一定一定,当然可以当

14、然可以by any means 无无论论如何如何,以一切可能的手段以一切可能的手段 by no means 绝绝不不,无无论论如何也不如何也不(2010江西高考江西高考)There is nothing like swimming as a means of keeping fit.作作为为保持健康的一种方法保持健康的一种方法,没有一种运没有一种运动动能比得上游泳。能比得上游泳。You must finish the task on time by any means.无无论论用什么手段你必用什么手段你必须须按按时时完成任完成任务务。(2012全国卷全国卷)It is _ _ _ clear

15、what the president can do to end the strike.总统总统会采取什么措施来会采取什么措施来结结束束这这次次罢罢工工还还不完全清楚。不完全清楚。by no meansHe entered the room _ _ _ the tree near the window.他通他通过过窗窗户户附近的附近的树进树进入了房入了房间间。by means of【高考高考链链接接】(2011浙浙江江高高考考)Can I come and have a look at your new house?Yes,_!A.with pleasure B.I like it C.I q

16、uite agree D.by all means【解解析析】选选D D。考考查查交交际际用用语语。句句意意：我我可可以以来来看看看看你你的的新新房房子子吗吗？好好的的,当当然然可可以以！A A项项意意为为非非常常乐乐意意；B B项项意意为为我我喜喜欢欢它它；C C项项意意为为我我非非常常同同意意；D D项项意意为为当当然然可可以以,没没问问题。题。2.majority n.大多数；大半大多数；大半(1)a/the majority of.大多数大多数be in a/the majority 构成大多数构成大多数/大部分大部分(2)major adj.主要的主要的 vi.专专修；主攻修；主攻m

17、ajor in 主修主修(3)minority n.少数；少数派少数；少数派/人人At the meeting,young people were in a/the majority.在会上在会上,年年轻轻人占大多数。人占大多数。_ _ _ people voted for him in the election.大多数人在大多数人在选举选举中投了他的票。中投了他的票。What subject did you _ _ when you were in university?你在大学主修的科目是什么？你在大学主修的科目是什么？The majority ofmajorin【点点津津】(1)当当a/

18、the majority of.作作主主语语时时,谓谓语语动动词词的的数数与与of后的名后的名词词保持一致。保持一致。(2)当当the majority单单独作主独作主语时语时,谓语动词谓语动词用用单单复数都可以。复数都可以。【高考高考链链接接】(2011湖湖南南高高考考)One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.A.is;are B.is;isC.are;are D.are;is【解解析析】选选A。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：这这个个国国家

19、家有有三三分分之之一一的的面面积积被被森森林林覆覆盖盖,并并且且大大多多数数公公民民是是黑黑人人。“分分数数词词+of+名名(代代)词词”作作主主语语,谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数取取决决于于该该名名(代代)词词的的单单复复数数,所所以以第第一一个个空空用用is；the majority of the citizens后后的的谓谓语语动动词用复数词用复数,所以第二个空用所以第二个空用are。3.occur vi.发发生；出生；出现现sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事某人突然想起某事It occurs to sb.that-clause 某人突然想起某人突然想起(2012广广

20、东东高高考考)Apart from that,there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.除此之外除此之外,还还有多种灾有多种灾难过难过去常在上下班的路上去常在上下班的路上发发生。生。Then a striking word occurred to me.后来我的后来我的脑脑海里突然出海里突然出现现一个有力的一个有力的词语词语。(2010 陕陕西西高高考考)It never _ _ _ _ you could succeed in persuading him to chang

21、e his mind.我从来就没有想到你会成功我从来就没有想到你会成功说说服他改服他改变变主意。主意。【点点津津】occur 常常与与介介词词to搭搭配配,相相当当于于动动词词happen,不不能能用用于于被被动语态动语态。occurred to me that【想一想想一想】表示表示“某人突然想起某人突然想起”的表达方式的表达方式还还有哪些有哪些?【参考答案参考答案】主主 语语句句 型型想到的事情想到的事情作主语或作主语或it作形式主语作形式主语sth.strikes es to sb.It strikes sb.that-clauseIt hits sb.that-clause人人e(s)

22、up with an idea/a thought【高考高考链链接接】(2012江江西西高高考考)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A.whether B.whereC.which D.that【解解析析】选选D。考考查查it的的用用法法和和固固定定句句型型。句句意意：他他突突然然想想到到他他把把钥钥匙匙落落在在办办公公室室里里了了。It occurs to sb.that.意意为为“某某人人突突然然想想到到”,此此处处是是过过去去时时,其其中中it是是形形式式主主语语,后后面面的的that从句是真

23、正的主语。其他选项没有此用法。从句是真正的主语。其他选项没有此用法。4.keep up坚坚持；持；维维持；沿持；沿袭袭(风风俗、俗、传统传统等等)观观察句子察句子,写出黑体部分的含写出黑体部分的含义义Many people keep up this old tradition.()The wet weather will keep up for three days.()The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up.()The help of her friends kept her up.()沿沿袭袭天气持天气持续续

24、不不变变保持保持使不倒下使不倒下【高考高考链链接接】(2012湖湖北北高高考考)Walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to _ his courage.A.hold up B.keep upC.set up D.take up【解解析析】选选B。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意：独独自自一一人人在在黑黑暗暗中中走走,那那个个男男孩孩吹吹口口哨哨给给自自己己打打气气。hold up举举起起,耽耽搁搁,延延迟迟；keep up保保持持,维维持持；set up建建造造,创创立立；take up占占据据,开开始始从从事。事。keep up on

25、es courage 保持勇气保持勇气,鼓起勇气。鼓起勇气。5.take in 包括；吸收包括；吸收观观察句子察句子,写出黑体部分的含写出黑体部分的含义义The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.()The old lady was homeless,so I took her in.()Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.()I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class

26、.()包括包括留宿留宿上当上当理解理解It is said that black takes in more heat than white.()The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.()吸收吸收改小改小【高考高考链链接接】(2011陕陕西西高高考考)Some insects _ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.A.take in B.take offC.take on D.take out【解解析析】选选C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意：

27、一一些些昆昆虫虫呈呈现现出出它它们们周周围围环环境境的的颜颜色色来来保保护护自自己己。take in吸吸收收；改改小小；理理解解；欺欺骗骗；take off起起飞飞；脱脱衣衣服服；摆摆脱脱；成成名名；take on雇雇用用；呈呈现；现；take out拿出来。拿出来。6.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然然而而,美美洲洲土土著著人人很很可可能能在在至至少少15,000年年前前就就住住在在加加利利福福尼尼亚亚。句句型型I

28、t is likely that.有有可可能能,也也可可转转换换为为sb.be likely to do sth.某人有可能做某事。某人有可能做某事。一句多一句多译译汤汤姆有可能会保守姆有可能会保守这这个秘密。个秘密。_Tom will keep this secret.=Tom _keep this secret.污污染有可能会染有可能会伤伤害到害到这这种珍稀种珍稀动动物。物。_pollution can do harm to the rare animal.=Pollution _do harm to the rare animal.It is likely thatis likely t

29、oIt is likely thatis likely to【辨析辨析】理解下列区理解下列区别别并并选词选词填空填空likely用于用于it is likely+that从句从句sb./sth.is likely to do sth.但一般不用于但一般不用于it is likely for sb.to do sth.possible用于用于it is possible(for sb.)to do sth.it is possible+that从句从句但不用于但不用于sb.is possible to do sth.probable常用于常用于it is probable+that从句从句Loo

30、k at the black clouds in the sky.It is _ to rain.So it is _ that he cannot come to the camping because it is _ for him to stay outside in such weather.likelyprobablepossible7.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cult

31、ural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人人们们认认为为,过过不不了了多多久久,多多种种国国籍籍的的混混合合将将会会如如此此之之大大,以以至至于于不不可可能能存存在在明明显显的的主主要要的的种种族族和和文文化化群群体体,而而是是一一个个多多种种族族、多文化的混合体。多文化的混合体。It is believed that.人人们们认认为为。在在该该句句型型中中,it是是形形式式主主语语,that引引导导主主语语从句。从句。仿写句子仿写句子人人们认为们认为其他星球上有生命的存在。其他星球上有生命的存在。_据据报报道莫言

32、道莫言获获得了得了诺贝诺贝尔尔文学文学奖奖。_【点点津津】“It+be+过过去去分分词词+that 从从句句”句句式式可可改改写写为为：主主语语(sb./sth.)+be+过过去分去分词词+不定式或不定式或People+动词动词+that.。例如：。例如：It be said that.=Sb./Sth.be said to.=People say that.It is believed that there exist living things on other planets.It is reported that Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Liter

33、ature.It is said that the man will go to Shanghai on business.(句句型型转换转换)=The man _ _ _ _ _ Shanghai on business.=_ _ _ the man will go to Shanghai on business.【想想一一想想】高高考考中中经经常常考考查查it作作形形式式主主语语的的用用法法,it作作形形式式主主语语还还有哪些句型？有哪些句型？is said to go toPeople say that【参考答案参考答案】(1)It+be+形形容容词词(obvious,true,natu

34、ral,good,etc.)+that从从句句It is true that he was a lawyer two years ago.两年前他是个律师两年前他是个律师,这是事实。这是事实。(2)It+be+名名词词词词组组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句从句It is no wonder that all people are angry at it.难怪所有人都对此很生气。难怪所有人都对此很生气。(3)It+不不及及物物动动词词(seem,happen,turn out,appear等等)+

35、主主语语从句从句It turned out that Obama was elected to be president for the second time.结果奥巴马第二次当选为总统。结果奥巴马第二次当选为总统。1.elect vt.选择选择；决定做某事；决定做某事；选举选举某人某人The old man elected to live on a mountain for his rest life.老人决定在山上度老人决定在山上度过过余生。余生。The young woman was elected to be president of the big firm.那个年那个年轻轻的女人

36、被的女人被选为这选为这家大公司的家大公司的总总裁。裁。【归纳归纳】elect to do sth._elect sb.(to be/as)+职务职务 _决定做某事决定做某事推推选选某人担任某某人担任某职务职务【点点津津】“独独一一无无二二的的”职职务务、官官衔衔作作同同位位语语、补补语语、表表语语时时,其前不加冠其前不加冠词词。【辨析辨析】理解下列区理解下列区别别并并选词选词填空填空choose指指在在两两个个或或多多个个之之中中选选择择其其一一,可可与与 from或或 between连连用用select指指在在同同类类事事物物中中选选择择最最好好的的或或最最合合适适的的,一一般般有有一一定定

37、的目的性的目的性elect指通指通过选举选过选举选出出We were _ to work in our school library,and a few days later we _ Jane as our leader.She asked us to put the books in place so that the students can _ them easily.selectedelectedchoose2.apparent adj.显显而易而易见见的；的；显显然的；表面上的然的；表面上的It is apparent that.是是显显然的然的apparently adv.显显然

38、地然地,显显而易而易见见地地It is apparent that the witness is lying.很明很明显证显证人在撒人在撒谎谎。_,any new industry seems to do well in Chicago.显显然然,任何新工任何新工业业在芝加哥看起来都很在芝加哥看起来都很发发达。达。Apparently【熟熟词词生生义义】读读句子猜含句子猜含义义Some people are apparently together,but not with their heart.()表面上表面上3.team up with与与合作或一起工作合作或一起工作 You can te

39、am up with your deskmate to finish the task.你可以和同桌合作以便完成任你可以和同桌合作以便完成任务务。If you want to go travelling,youd better _ _ _ a group.如果你想去旅游如果你想去旅游,最好和一群人一起。最好和一群人一起。team up with【拓展拓展】补补全以下短全以下短语语team _ 结队结队；合作；合作a team _.一一队队_ a.team 属于属于队队play _ a.team 为为队队效力效力upofonfor4.mark out用用线线画出范画出范围围；标标出出界界线线ma

40、rk out for 事先事先选选定定为为mark.with.用用做做记记号号make a mark 做做记记号号They mark out its frontiers with special mark.他他们们用特用特别别的的记记号来号来标标出自己的国界。出自己的国界。Xi Jinping _ _ _ _ the chairman of our country.习习近平被近平被选选定担任我定担任我们们的国家主席。的国家主席。Please _ the envelope _ the title of your film.请请在信封上注明你的影片的名称。在信封上注明你的影片的名称。was mar

41、ked out formarkwith5.That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那那就就是是今今天天有有超超过过40%的的加加利利福福尼尼亚亚人人把把西西班班牙牙语语作作为为第第一一或第二或第二语语言的原因。言的原因。句中的句中的why引引导导的的为为表表语语从句从句,注意以下句式区注意以下句式区别别：(1)Thats why.那那就就是是为为什什么么/的的原原因因(why从从句句表表示示结结果果)(2)Thats because.那是因那是因为为(becaus

42、e从句表示原因从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的的原原因因是是(表表语语从从句常用句常用that引引导导,而不用而不用because)完成句子完成句子Tom came late for the meeting._(那是因那是因为为他病了他病了).Tom was ill.That was _(他开会他开会迟迟到的原因到的原因).汤汤姆开会姆开会迟迟到的原因是他病了。到的原因是他病了。(汉译汉译英英)_That was because he was illwhy he came late for the meetingThe reason why Tom

43、came late for the meeting was that he was ill.用所用所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.They come from different _,so they have different _ customs.(race)2.He _ that as a director I should give him some _ of how he should do in the film.(indicate)3.All the _ can _ in person or by letter and at the same time should ha

44、nd in their _before May 5th.(apply)racesracialindicatedindicationsapplicantsapplyapplications4.Mr.Liu is a supporter of _;he is totally a _.(social)5.In the _,he was _ to be CEO of the firm.(elect)socialismsocialistelectionelected.完成句子完成句子1._he is glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.可

45、能他很高可能他很高兴兴能使能使别别人清楚地了解他自己。人清楚地了解他自己。2.Dont _by his words and appearance.不要被他的不要被他的话话和外表欺和外表欺骗骗了。了。3.They _their friendship forever.他他们们决定永决定永远远保持他保持他们们之之间间的友的友谊谊。It is likely thatbe taken inelected to keep up4.The enemy _bombarding the city and the airport day and night.敌敌人日夜不停地人日夜不停地对对城市和机城市和机场进场进

46、行行轰轰炸。炸。5._the cost of medical care can be cut down.人人们们希望医希望医疗费疗费用能降低。用能降低。6._she would fail in the exam.他从来没有想到她会考他从来没有想到她会考试试不及格。不及格。kept upIt is hoped thatIt never occurred to him that.话题话题写作写作 先将下面几个句子翻先将下面几个句子翻译译成英成英语语,然后然后连连成一段小短文。成一段小短文。1.自从自从1978年改革以来年改革以来,中国中国经历经历了移民大潮。了移民大潮。2.据据报报道成千上万的道成

47、千上万的农农民从民从农农村来到城市。村来到城市。3.尽管辛苦尽管辛苦,他他们们中的多数人都能适中的多数人都能适应应城市生活。城市生活。4.有些甚至申有些甚至申请请到了城市居民到了城市居民权权。5.他他们们通通过过努力工作努力工作为为城市的繁荣作出了城市的繁荣作出了贡贡献。献。_【参考范文参考范文】Since the reform in 1978,China has experienced immigration movements.It is reported that thousands and thousands of farmers came from the countryside to the cities.The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship,and some even have applied for right to live in the city.They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.